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non-iterable ellipsis in Flask_Restful parser.parse_args()

I've come back to a project I worked on previously, utilising flask RESTful, though whenever I attempt a post request the line args = parser.parse_args() breaks the code, giving an error reading:
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures.py", line 554, in update
for key, value in iter_multi_items(mapping):
TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable ellipsis object
For some reason the parser seems to be having issues with its own arguments, the post function is:
def post(self):
from flask_restful import reqparse
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('rate', type=int, help='Rate cannot be converted')
parser.add_argument('name')
args = parser.parse_args()
Any help or direction would be greatly appreciated.
-- Edit
To give more context, my init file looks like this, the error occurring when the POST function is called in postman.
from flask import Flask, g
from flask_restful import Resource, Api, reqparse
import os
import shelve
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
def get_db():
db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
if db is None:
db = g._database = shelve.open("rates.db")
return db
#app.teardown_appcontext
def teardown_db(exception):
db = getattr(g, '_database', None)
if db is not None:
db.close()
#app.route("/")
def index():
return "Hello World"
class RateList(Resource):
def get(self):
shelf = get_db()
keys = list(shelf.keys())
devices = []
for key in keys:
devices.append(shelf[key])
return {'message' : 'Success', 'data' : devices}, 200
def post(self):
parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
parser.add_argument('rate', type=int, help='Rate cannot be converted')
parser.add_argument('name')
args = parser.parse_args()
shelf = get_db()
shelf[args['rate']] = args
return {'message' : 'Rate registered', 'data' : args}, 201
class Rate(Resource):
def get(self, rate):
shelf = get_db()
if not(rate in shelf):
return {'message' : 'Rate not found', 'data' : {}}, 404
return {'message' : 'Rate found', 'data' : shelf[rate]}, 200
def delete(self, rate):
shelf = get_db()
if not(rate in shelf):
return {'message' : 'Rate not found', 'data' : {}}, 404
del shelf[rate]
return {'message' : 'Rate deleted', 'data' : {}}, 200
api.add_resource(RateList, '/Rate')
api.add_resource(Rate, '/Rate/<string:rate>')
Docker-compose file:
version: '3.4'
services:
stock-registry:
build: .
volumes:
- .:/usr/src/app
ports:
- 5001:80
Dockerfile:
FROM python:3
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["python", "./run.py"]
Run.py:
from stock_registry import app
app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80, debug=True)
-- Edit 2
The JSON body sent on the post request, using postman:
{
"rate" : 1,
"name" : "Test"
}
The complete error log that shows when this is attempted:
172.22.0.1 - - [30/Jun/2021 12:37:12] "POST /shares HTTP/1.1" 500 -
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1997, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1985, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 265, in error_router
return original_handler(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1540, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 32, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1982, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1614, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 265, in error_router
return original_handler(e)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1517, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 32, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1612, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1598, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 446, in wrapper
resp = resource(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/views.py", line 84, in view
return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/__init__.py", line 550, in dispatch_request
resp = meth(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/src/app/stock_registry/__init__.py", line 65, in post
args = parser.parse_args()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/reqparse.py", line 261, in parse_args
value, found = arg.parse(req)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/reqparse.py", line 143, in parse
source = self.source(request)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_restful/reqparse.py", line 101, in source
values.update(value)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/werkzeug/datastructures.py", line 554, in update
for key, value in iter_multi_items(mapping):
TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable ellipsis object

I had the same issue. Can you share your version numbers of flask and of flask-restful?
What worked for me is updating both packages, since somehow I apparently got 2 versions that don't work together in my environment. I upgraded them to the following and now it's working:
Try: pip install flask==2.0.1 flask-restful==0.3.9
Hope this works!

It is a version compatibility error in flask or flask-restful or werkzeug.
What worked for me:
Werkzeug==1.0.1
Flask==0.11.1
Flask-RESTful==0.3.5

Routing inside routes - A setup function was called after the first request was handled

I am trying to create routes inside of another route (info_form()). For awhile this was working. I am not sure what exactly caused it, but I may have changed some code and that is what caused it to stop working. This is my code:
#app.route('/Register', methods=["GET", "POST"])
def register():
FormErrMessage = 'Email already taken, or invalid email.'
error = False
if request.method == 'POST':
inp_email = request.form['email']
inp_password = request.form['password']
if User.objects(email=inp_email):
error = True
else:
#app.route('/Register/customer-form', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def info_form():
msg = None
if request.method == 'POST':
form = request.form
inp_name = form['name']
inp_lastName = form['lastName']
inp_zipCode = form['zipCode']
inp_address = form['address']
inp_phoneNumber = form['phoneNumber']
if User.objects(name=inp_name, lastName=inp_lastName):
msg = '...'
elif User.objects(phoneNumber=inp_phoneNumber):
msg = '...'
else:
#app.route('/Register/customer-form/verify/<send>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def verify_email(send):
msg = None
error_msg = None
r = 8
if send == 't':
...
if request.method == 'POST':
inp_code = request.form['code']
if int(inp_code) == r:
try:
User(
email=inp_email,
password=inp_password,
user_id=get_user_id(),
admin=False,
loggedIn=1,
# ip_addresses=ipAddress,
registered=False,
name=inp_name,
lastName=inp_lastName,
zipCode=inp_zipCode,
address=inp_address,
phoneNumber=inp_phoneNumber
).save()
email(...)
except ValidationError as e:
print(e)
error_msg = '...'
else:
session['email'] = inp_email
session["password"] = inp_password
print(session)
return redirect('/')
else:
msg = 'Code invalid, try again.'
return render_template('verify.html', email=inp_email, unk_err=error_msg,
msg=msg)
return redirect('/Register/customer-form/verify/t')
return render_template('customerform.html', msg=msg)
return redirect('/Register/customer-form')
return render_template('register.html', FormErrMessage=FormErrMessage, error=error)
It seems to be raising this because the request was already handled.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2463, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2449, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1866, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 39, in reraise
raise value
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2446, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1951, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1820, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 39, in reraise
raise value
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1949, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1935, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\app.py", line 55, in register
#app.route('/Register/customer-form', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1314, in decorator
self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
File "C:\Users\William\Nickels\venv\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 90, in wrapper_func
"A setup function was called after the "
AssertionError: A setup function was called after the first request was handled. This usually indicates a bug in the application where a module was not imported and decorators or other functionality was called too late.
To fix this make sure to import all your view modules, database models and everything related at a central place before the application starts serving requests.
Can someone tell me how to fix this or get around it. Thanks.
I don't understand this:
import all your view modules, database models and everything related at a central place before the application starts serving requests.

What that error is trying to say is that you can't do setup-y things (like adding routes) after the Flask app has starting running.
You have a deeper problem, which is assuming that nested route functions will retain visibility an data from enclosing routes. E.g., that the /Register/customer-form route will have access to the inf_email set in the enclosing /Register route. The mechanisms here don't work that way.
Since the intent is to hang on to information from one step of a registration workflow to the next, the common mechanisms is to inject state from one route as hidden form elements so that they'll be carried along to the next route. Here, that would mean passing inf_email et al. to be expanded into the "customerform.html" template (and similar for the "verify.html" template).

JWT token generator with Authlib 0.11

First: A big thanks to the Authlib creator / other open source creators and supporters.
I would like to have Authlib 0.11 to return oauth tokens as JWT.
I tried to follow the documentation provided in Authlib website to create a JWT token generator with Authlib 0.11 https://docs.authlib.org/en/latest/flask/2/authorization-server.html#token.
Since, I am a novice user in this topic I still couldn't figure out the right way to pass my JWT token generator method to the config:OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN_GENERATOR
Any help is appreciated.
Here is my dummy jwt token generator:
from authlib.jose import jwt
def gen_access_token(client, grant_type, user, scope):
log.debug('Not used yet in the JWT:: {} \n{} \n{} \n{}'.format( client, grant_type, user, scope))
header = {'alg': 'RS256'}
payload = {
'iss': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/oauth/token',
'sub': 'test client',
'aud': 'profile'
}
try:
key = open('wf-app-server.key', 'r').read()
s = jwt.encode(header, payload, key)
claims = jwt.decode(s, open('wf-app-pub.pem', 'r').read())
except Exception as e:
log.debug('JWT exception', e)
log.debug("jwt encoded:{}\n decoded :{} \n header:{}".format(
s, claims, claims.header))
return s
OAUTH2_REFRESH_TOKEN_GENERATOR = True
OAUTH2_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN = {
'authorization_code': 874000,
'implicit': 3600,
'password': 600000,
'client_credentials': 600000
}
OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN_GENERATOR = gen_access_token('bCsNV2Lo8hxD593Km84lWM5d', 'client_credentials', 'admin', 'profile')
-- output showing my JWT token generator works and the returned value can be decoded correctly --
2019-06-22 13:37:38,024 DEBUG gen_access_token (7) Not used yet in the JWT:: bCsNV2Lo8hxD593Km84lWM5d client_credentials admin profile
2019-06-22 13:37:38,052 DEBUG gen_access_token (21) jwt encoded:b'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwOi8vMTI3LjAuMC4xOjUwMDAvb2F1dGgvdG9rZW4iLCJzdWIiOiJ0ZXN0IGNsaWVudCIsImF1ZCI6InByb2ZpbGUifQ.BU5dSbPAFzoDDo4vathd6jlQVmDHaygEUh4GCwknCdbf4AVig3SgOW8JbITuPCKTf7qnxE8iJCWUOAd_wDCZwWKXdpisG6EGGmNpwZLAsDqL1CLgqTsRuGrc2kUfyMOHXfGXGkqsNROuPFV0-XYgxCQOz4LolNcB3Knvu1ApRcZyej8nAFXKxccDkLYyhldjRJwRehRZ4tMjDlbP4ghmEUFBF1Msx5Yzot26IK3ps4dfLnYVJr2dKUIPK75BzYR5kgUm3nkJRe4F0898j8tIMZwvKa2lKSypORDQXUxC3i8-x7A2vsVk7Jw3qcbZBarqstUEWITCZSVPYoHoF5l8iw'
decoded :{'iss': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/oauth/token', 'sub': 'test client', 'aud': 'profile'} header:{'alg': 'RS256', 'typ': 'JWT'}
First, to test whether my oauth token request credentials are correct, I tried to request a oauth token with right client_credentials and the default token_generator from Authlib. With this I got the default oauth token.
Second, I updated the config with my token generator, then when I request an oauth token with the same client credentials, then I get the following error:
2019-06-22 13:40:56,700 DEBUG authenticate_client_secret_basic (65)
Authenticate bCsNV2Lo8hxD593Km84lWM5d via "client_secret_basic"
success
I created this custom debug line below to understand what the default access_token_generator() takes as input parameters. It is exactly take the same types - my input parameter types also match!
2019-06-22 13:40:56,701 DEBUG validate_token_request (67)
Validate token request of <OAuth2Client 2> client: <OAuth2Client 2>
type:<class 'website.models.OAuth2Client'> grant_type:
client_credentials type:<class 'str'> user: None type:<class
'NoneType'> scope: rs1secret type:<class 'str'>
2019-06-22 13:40:56,708 INFO _log (122) 127.0.0.1 - - [22/Jun/2019 13:40:56] "POST /oauth/token HTTP/1.1" 500 - Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 2328, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 2314, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e) File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 1760, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py",
line 36, in reraise
raise value File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 2311, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request() File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 1834, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 1737, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/_compat.py",
line 36, in reraise
raise value File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 1832, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request() File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/flask/app.py",
line 1818, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) File "/home/pksec/xx/oAuthProvider/website/routes.py",
line 193, in issue_token
return authorization.create_token_response() File "/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/authlib/oauth2/rfc6749/authorization_server.py",
line 186, in create_token_response
args = grant.create_token_response() File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/authlib/oauth2/rfc6749/grants/client_credentials.py",
line 104, in create_token_response
include_refresh_token=False, File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/authlib/oauth2/rfc6749/grants/base.py",
line 58, in generate_token
include_refresh_token=include_refresh_token, File "/home/pksec/.local/share/virtualenvs/oAuthProvider-n_KOMqPA/lib/python3.7/site-packages/authlib/oauth2/rfc6750/wrappers.py",
line 91, in __call__
access_token = self.access_token_generator(client, grant_type, user, scope) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
I know that I am doing something wrong when I pass the my gen_acc_token() method to the config - but couldn't exactly figure out what is wrong.
A small code snippet with that passes a sample gen_JWT_access_token() would be great.

I figure out finally the right way to pass my JWT token generator method to the config:OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN_GENERATOR
Here is my dummy jwt token generator:
from authlib.jose import jwt
def gen_access_token(client, grant_type, user, scope):
log.debug('Not used yet in the JWT:: {} \n{} \n{} \n{}'.format( client, grant_type, user, scope))
header = {'alg': 'RS256'}
payload = {
'iss': 'http://127.0.0.1:5000/oauth/token',
'sub': 'test client',
'aud': 'profile'
}
try:
key = open('wf-app-server.key', 'r').read()
s = jwt.encode(header, payload, key)
claims = jwt.decode(s, open('wf-app-pub.pem', 'r').read())
except Exception as e:
log.debug('JWT exception', e)
log.debug("jwt encoded:{}\n decoded :{} \n header:{}".format(
s, claims, claims.header))
return s
OAUTH2_REFRESH_TOKEN_GENERATOR = True
OAUTH2_TOKEN_EXPIRES_IN = {
'authorization_code': 874000,
'implicit': 3600,
'password': 600000,
'client_credentials': 600000
}
OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN_GENERATOR = gen_access_token
Do not Pass the function parameters: Python NoneType object is not callable (beginner)
This is a beginner mistake! Follow your error output, you will find the solution!
This is how you should not pass your generator function:
OAUTH2_ACCESS_TOKEN_GENERATOR = gen_access_token('bCsNV2Lo8hxD593Km84lWM5d', 'client_credentials', 'admin', 'profile')

Oauth2 in Python with Flask gets 302 from API

I am trying to access MeisterTask's API with Python and Flask, and no matter what I do, I seem to always get a 302 code in return from the API, although I can get an access token (or so I think). Here is the code I have so far (I tried reducing it, this is the smallest snippet I could get that replicates the error):
from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, session, request, jsonify
from flask_oauthlib.client import OAuth
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
app.secret_key = "development"
oauth = OAuth(app)
meistertask = oauth.remote_app(
'meistertask',
consumer_key= "XXXXXX",
consumer_secret= "XXXXXX",
request_token_params={"scope" : "meistertask"},
base_url='https://www.meistertask.com/api',
request_token_url=None,
access_token_method='GET',
access_token_url='https://www.mindmeister.com/login/oauth2/token',
authorize_url='https://www.mindmeister.com/oauth2/authorize'
)
#app.route('/')
def index():
if 'meistertask_token' in session:
me = meistertask.get('user')
return jsonify(me.data)
return redirect(url_for('login'))
#app.route('/login')
def login():
return meistertask.authorize(callback=url_for('authorized', _external=True))
#app.route('/logout')
def logout():
session.pop('meistertask_token', None)
return redirect(url_for('index'))
#app.route('/login/authorized')
def authorized():
resp = meistertask.authorized_response()
print(resp.get('code'))
if resp is None or resp.get('code') is None:
return 'Access denied: reason=%s error=%s resp=%s' % (
request.args['error'],
request.args['error_description'],
resp
)
session['meistertask_token'] = (resp['code'], '')
return "Hello"
#meistertask.tokengetter
def get_meistertask_oauth_token():
return session.get('meistertask_token')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run()
And here is the traceback:
flask_oauthlib.client.OAuthException: Invalid response from meistertask
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2309, in __call__ return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2295, in wsgi_app response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1741, in handle_exception reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 35, in reraise raise value
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 2292, in wsgi_app response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1815, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1718, in handle_user_exception reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\_compat.py", line 35, in reraise raise value
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1813, in full_dispatch_request rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask\app.py", line 1799, in dispatch_request return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "~\Documents\MeisterTaskServer\hello.py", line 49, in authorized resp = meistertask.authorized_response()
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask_oauthlib\client.py", line 707, in authorized_response data = self.handle_oauth2_response(args)
File "~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\flask_oauthlib\client.py", line 692, in handle_oauth2_response
Things I have tried
Tried to modify the method to get the access token from GET to POST. The API clearly states that I should use GET, yet every other example I have seen on flask_oauthlib's GitHub uses POST (the examples are 3 years old, but some still work, namely the GitHub one). Either give the same result.
Tried doing it barebones, without any library. The resulting code was thrice as long and also had more problems.
Used Django instead of Flask. Never even managed to get the hello world example going, it was too much work, and also I have discovered the library flask_oauthlib.
Things worth mentioning
I derived this code from this here GitHub example
There is also code there I omitted in order to keep the snippet short, that establishes that the server should use SSL (as per the request from the API that the redirect_uri should use HTTPS)
The app manages to redirect me over at MeisterTask and asks for my permission. Once I grant it, it redirects to "https://127.0.0.1:5000/login/authorized?code=some_token" where I get the traceback. If I look with Chrome's debugging tools to the requests made and what I receive, I see that I get an 302 from the API, but I also get an access token.
I run Windows 10 with Python 3.7.0
So what's the deal? What's the next step here? I've run out of things to try. Thank you for taking the time to solve this!

Unit testing Flask app - mocking global variables in the app

I've got a Flask app module (app.py) which looks like this
# imports
...
from flask import Flask, request, Response
...
# module-level vars, including `logger` and `APP`
...
logger = None
APP = None
...
def init():
"""
Initialisation of app resources, including `logger`
"""
...
APP = Flask(__name__)
...
logger = logging.getLogger()
...
...
try:
init()
except Exception as e:
logger.error(str(e))
#APP.route('/healthcheck', methods=['GET'])
def healthcheck():
"""
Healthcheck endpoint - just returns OK if the app
initialised OK.
"""
return 'OK'
#APP.route('/get_keys', method=['POST'])
def get_keys():
"""
Main endpoint - accepts a POST request from a client
containing either a CSV or JSON payload defining a set
of geographic locations, and then returns some "keys"
for these.
"""
try:
logger.info('Extracting payload')
# extract payload
logger.info('Processing for keys')
# do some stuff
...
...
except Exception as e:
logger.error("Error: {}.".format(str(e)))
# return response
I've got unit tests for the Flask app defined in a module AppTests in the tests subpackage.
# general imports including `unittest` etc.
# import app module as `app`
class AppTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Flask app tests
"""
#classmethod
def setUpClass(self):
app.APP.config['TESTING'] = True
app.APP.config['DEBUG'] = False
self.app = app.APP.test_client()
# define other resources needed for `self.app`
def test_healthcheck(self):
res = self.app.get(path='/healthcheck')
self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
def test_get_keys__csv(self):
# define sample csv data in `data` variable
headers = {
'Accept-Encoding': 'identity,deflate,gzip,compress',
'Content-Type': 'text/csv; charset=utf-8',
'Content-Length': len(data)
}
res = self.app.post(path='/get_keys', headers=headers.items(), data=data)
self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
The test for the healthcheck endpoint passes but the test for the get_keys endpoint fails.
$ python -m unittest -v AppTests.AppTests.test_get_keys__csv
test_get_keys__csv (AppTests.AppTests) ...
ERROR
======================================================================
ERROR: test_get_keys__csv (AppTests.AppTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "AppTests.py", line 105, in test_get_keys__csv
res = self.app.post(path='/get_keys', headers=headers.items(), data=data)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 801, in post
return self.open(*args, **kw)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/testing.py", line 127, in open
follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 764, in open
response = self.run_wsgi_app(environ, buffered=buffered)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 677, in run_wsgi_app
rv = run_wsgi_app(self.application, environ, buffered=buffered)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/test.py", line 884, in run_wsgi_app
app_rv = app(environ, start_response)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1994, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1985, in wsgi_app
response = self.handle_exception(e)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1540, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1982, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1614, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1517, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1612, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
File "/path/to/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1598, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
File "/path/to/app.py", line 205, in get_keys
logger.error("Error: {}.".format(str(e)))
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'error'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.036s
FAILED (errors=1)
It looks like the reference to the logger object in the get_keys endpoint in the app is null when I make the call to self.app.post('/get_keys, headers=headers.items(), data=data). Every call to logger.info is generating an exception in the endpoint, which is caught and logged, and that's what I am seeing when I run the endpoint test.
Is there a way to mock this, or some how bypass the use of logger from the tests module itself? I would rather not modify the endpoint method itself.

You could potentially mock out the logging import when you run test_get_keys__csv().
from unittest.mock import patch
#patch('path.to.app.logging') # Mock the logging import
def test_get_keys__csv(self, mock_logging):
# define sample csv data in `data` variable
headers = {
'Accept-Encoding': 'identity,deflate,gzip,compress',
'Content-Type': 'text/csv; charset=utf-8',
'Content-Length': len(data)
}
res = self.app.post(path='/get_keys', headers=headers.items(), data=data)
self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
If you're using Python 2, mock is a separate install.
pip install mock
and then import with
from mock import patch
More info on mock: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html