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AttributeError at /profiles/user-profile/2/ 'int' object has no attribute '_meta'

Here I am using an api of notifications. here is the reference of that api link. I have follow the instructions given on the github read me file. But when i try to send an email by actor to recipient .it shows me the error 'int' object has no attribute '_meta'. The actor field and recipient both accept user_ids and I have put them manually. But still didn't work.
profiles/Views.py
class UserProfileFollowToggle(LoginRequiredMixin,View):
login_url = '/accounts/login/'
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
user_to_toggle_pk=kwargs.get('pk')
username_to_toggle = request.POST.get("username")
profile_, is_following = UserProfile.objects.toggle_follow(request.user, request.user.id, user_to_toggle_pk ,username_to_toggle)
return redirect(f'/profiles/{username_to_toggle}')
profiles/models.py
class ProfileManager(models.Manager):
def toggle_follow(self, request_user,user_id,user_to_toggle_pk, username_to_toggle):
profile_ = UserProfile.objects.get(user__username__iexact=request_user.username)
is_following = False
follower = profile_.follower.filter(username__iexact=username_to_toggle).first()
if follower:
profile_.follower.remove(follower.id)
notify.send(user_id, recipient=user_to_toggle_pk, verb='unfollow you')
else:
new_follower = User.objects.get(username__iexact=username_to_toggle)
profile_.follower.add(new_follower.id)
notify.send(user_id, recipient=user_to_toggle_pk, verb='follow you')
is_following = True
return profile_, is_following
traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\mixins.py", line 52, in dispatch
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 97, in dispatch
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\grapPub\grabpublic\profiles\views.py", line 30, in post
profile_, is_following = UserProfile.objects.toggle_follow(request.user, request.user.id, user_to_toggle_pk ,username_to_toggle)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\grapPub\grabpublic\profiles\models.py", line 22, in toggle_follow
notify.send(user_id, recipient=user_to_toggle_pk, verb='unfollow you')
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\dispatch\dispatcher.py", line 173, in send
return [
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\dispatch\dispatcher.py", line 174, in <listcomp>
(receiver, receiver(signal=self, sender=sender, **named))
File "C:\Users\AHMED\grapPub\grabpublic\notifications\base\models.py", line 288, in notify_handler
actor_content_type=ContentType.objects.get_for_model(actor),
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\contenttypes\models.py", line 40, in get_for_model
opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_model)
File "C:\Users\AHMED\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\contenttypes\models.py", line 27, in _get_opts
model = model._meta.concrete_model
Exception Type: AttributeError at /profiles/user-profile/2/
Exception Value: 'int' object has no attribute '_meta'
If more information is required than tell me in a comment section. I will update my question with that information.

I think the AttributeError is caused, because you are trying to pass a user pk to the send function
notify.send(user_id, recipient=user_to_toggle_pk, verb='unfollow you')
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
but the send function expect an User object.
So try something like this..
user = User.objects.get(pk=user_to_toggle_pk)
notify.send(user_id, recipient=user, verb='unfollow you')

I'm trying to apply celery to Class based view(apis) in django. How can I do this?

Is it a correct way to apply celery to class based views?
And, if it is, how can I apply celery to class based Views?
I can’t apply just tagging #app.task above functions inside class.
class ScheduleByFranchiseIdView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
permission_classes = (IsAdmin,)
serializer_class = ScheduleSerializer
#app2.task
def get(self, request, franchise_id, start = None, end = None):
if start != None and end != None:
query1 = Q(student__profile__franchise__exact=franchise_id)
query2 = Q(start_time__gte=start)
query3 = Q(end_time__lt=end)
queryset = Schedule.objects.filter(query1 & query2 & query3).exclude(status=ScheduleStatus.DELETED).order_by('-id')
serializer = ScheduleSerializer(queryset, many=True)
else:
query1 = Q(student__profile__franchise__exact=franchise_id)
queryset = Schedule.objects.filter(query1).exclude(status=ScheduleStatus.DELETED).order_by('-id')
serializer = ScheduleSerializer(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
I'm trying to test this api and when I call HTTP GET Method to call this api,
i get the error below:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\TOCOL_backend\api\testing\test_pagination.py", line 154, in test_admin_schedule_pagination
response = self.client.get('/api/schedule/by/franchise/simple/1/')
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\test.py", line 286, in get
response = super().get(path, data=data, **extra)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\test.py", line 203, in get
return self.generic('GET', path, **r)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\test.py", line 232, in generic
method, path, data, content_type, secure, **extra)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 422, in generic
return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\test.py", line 283, in request
return super().request(**kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\test.py", line 235, in request
request = super().request(**kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 503, in request
raise exc_value
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 115, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 113, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 71, in view
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 505, in dispatch
response = self.handle_exception(exc)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 465, in handle_exception
self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 476, in raise_uncaught_exception
raise exc
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\rest_framework\views.py", line 502, in dispatch
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\celery\local.py", line 191, in __call__
return self._get_current_object()(*a, **kw)
File "C:\Users\Tonyscoding\Desktop\TOCOL\venv\lib\site-packages\celery\app\task.py", line 392, in __call__
return self.run(*args, **kwargs)
TypeError: get() missing 1 required positional argument: 'request'
my celery worker get the task. I think it's not a worker problem..

In your case might work next scenario. Create a task for hard workload:
#app.task
def schedule_by_franchise(franchise_id, start=None, end=None):
# Do some slow workload, filtering by non-indexed fields or something.
if start is not None and end is not None: # is not None ~20% faster than != None
query1 = Q(student__profile__franchise__exact=franchise_id)
query2 = Q(start_time__gte=start)
query3 = Q(end_time__lt=end)
queryset = Schedule.objects.filter(query1 & query2 & query3).exclude(status=ScheduleStatus.DELETED).order_by('-id')
else:
query1 = Q(student__profile__franchise__exact=franchise_id)
queryset = Schedule.objects.filter(query1).exclude(status=ScheduleStatus.DELETED).order_by('-id')
# Returns something serializable and what could be used for more faster DB search (founded object primary keys might fits)
return tuple(queryset.values_list('id', flat=True))
When executed first GET you should create Celery task and then save it TASK_ID somewhere to later get result:
from celery.result import AsyncResult
class ScheduleByFranchiseIdView(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
permission_classes = (IsAdmin,)
serializer_class = ScheduleSerializer
def get(self, request, franchise_id, start=None, end=None, task_id=None):
if not task_id:
task = schedule_by_franchise.delay(franchise_id, start, end)
return Response({
'task': task.task_id,
'status': 'processing',
'message': f'Please, try again in 10 seconds with following task_id={task.task_id}',
})
else:
result = AsyncResult(task_id)
if result.ready():
ids = result.result
queryset = Schedule.objects.filter(id__in=ids)
serializer = ScheduleSerializer(queryset, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
else:
return Response({
'status': 'not_ready_yet',
'message': 'Please, try again in 5 seconds',
})

Using external script in Views.py

I have a file that sends a request to an API and retrieves information. Let's call this file get_info.py. I am now building a GUI that uses Django and the views.py file, with methods 'GET' and 'POST'.
I am now importing the function from get_info.py into views.py and using it as follows
from get_info import get_info
#api_view(['GET'])
def generate_route(request):
"""
:param request:
1. lat: posx
2. lng: pos,
3. r: radius in km
4. strategy,
5. edge_num,
6. deep,
:return:
"""
posx = request.query_params.get('lat', None)
posy= request.query_params.get('lng', None)
r= request.query_params.get('r', None)
strategy = request.query_params.get('strategy', None)
strategy = strategy if strategy else 3
edge_num = request.query_params.get('edge_num', None)
edge_num = edge_num if edge_num else 3
deep = request.query_params.get('deep', None)
deep = deep if deep else 3
print("BEFORE", posx, posy, r, strategy, edge_num, deep)
route = get_info(posx, posy, r)
print("AFTER", route)
if request.query_params.get('lat', None) is not None \
and request.query_params.get('lng', None) is not None \
and request.query_params.get('r', None) is not None:
return Response({}, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
else:
return Response({
"Error": 'Need lat, lng, and r {}'.format(request.query_params.get('lat', None))
}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
```
However, I get the response
> (u'BEFORE', u'112.34', u'14.55', u'300.3', 3, 3, 3)
Internal Server Error: /app/api/v1/get_info/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py", line 41, in inner
response = get_response(request)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 249, in _legacy_get_response
response = self._get_response(request)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 187, in _get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 185, in _get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/views/decorators/csrf.py", line 58, in wrapped_view
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 68, in view
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 483, in dispatch
response = self.handle_exception(exc)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 443, in handle_exception
self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 480, in dispatch
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/decorators.py", line 53, in handler
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/user/Projects/app/views.py", line 750, in generate_route
route = get_info(posx, posy, r)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/views/decorators/csrf.py", line 58, in wrapped_view
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/views/generic/base.py", line 68, in view
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 466, in dispatch
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 370, in initialize_request
parser_context=parser_context
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/rest_framework/request.py", line 159, in __init__
.format(request.__class__.__module__, request.__class__.__name__)
AssertionError: The `request` argument must be an instance of `django.http.HttpRequest`, not `__builtin__.unicode`.
But when I use from django.http import HttpRequest to build my request, it tells me 'maximum depth exceeded'.
The get_info method is quite long, but in a nutshell it looks like this:
def get_info(posx, posy, r, strategy=3, edge_num=0.8, deep=0):
req_url = "http://api.map.baidu.com/direction/v2/driving?origin=posx..."
trip = requests.get(req_url).json()
return trip
When I run this get_info method in my python shell, it returns the desired trip.

If you look closely rest framework is the one which is causing the problem, If the getinfo is an APIView then it might need request as its first argument not posx which is a string.

Building a list of Dictionaries gives a ValueError

I'm having an issue building a list of dictionaries like this
#login_required(login_url="login/")
def home(request):
user = StaticHelpers.user_to_subclass(request.user)[1]
user_type = StaticHelpers.user_to_subclass(request.user)[0]
if user_type == "Patient":
apps = StaticHelpers.find_appointments(user)
events = []
for app in apps:
events.append({
'title': str(app.doctor),
'start': str(app.start_time),
'end': str(app.end_time)
})
return render(request, 'HealthApp/patientIndex.html', events)
elif user_type == "Doctor" or user_type == "Nurse":
return render(request, 'HealthApp/doctorIndex.html')
elif user_type == "Admin":
return render(request, 'HealthApp/doctorIndex.html')
Each dictionary needs to have those 3 values, and I need a list of them. However it just spits out this error at me
Internal Server Error: /
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 149, in get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 147, in get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py", line 23, in _wrapped_view
return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/devin-matte/Documents/Healthnet/trunk/HealthApp/views.py", line 23, in home
return render(request, 'HealthApp/patientIndex.html', events)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/shortcuts.py", line 67, in render
template_name, context, request=request, using=using)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/template/loader.py", line 97, in render_to_string
return template.render(context, request)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py", line 92, in render
context = make_context(context, request)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/template/context.py", line 291, in make_context
context.push(original_context)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/template/context.py", line 61, in push
return ContextDict(self, *dicts, **kwargs)
File "/home/devin-matte/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/template/context.py", line 20, in __init__
super(ContextDict, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
ValueError: dictionary update sequence element #0 has length 3; 2 is required
[05/Mar/2017 19:56:17] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 500 99419

The traceback shows that the problem is nothing to do with creating the dictionaries, but in how you send them to the template. The third argument to render must be a dict, where the keys are the name you want to use to refer to that value in the template. So:
return render(request, 'HealthApp/patientIndex.html', {"events": events})
Now you can iterate through events in the template.

Django TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'hints'

I have just changed my models and done all the necesarry migrations but I keep getting problems. I've tried adding a new record to my missions table after I did the 'runserver' command. This is the error I got:
TypeError at /admin/missions/mission/add/
__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'hints'
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/missions/mission/add/
Django Version: 1.9.1
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:
__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'hints'
Exception Location: C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py in _clone, line 1062
Python Executable: C:\Python34\python.exe
Python Version: 3.4.2
Python Path:
['C:\\Python34\\Scripts\\heroesForHire',
'C:\\WINDOWS\\SYSTEM32\\python34.zip',
'C:\\Python34\\DLLs',
'C:\\Python34\\lib',
'C:\\Python34',
'C:\\Python34\\lib\\site-packages']
Server time: Mon, 22 Feb 2016 22:37:29 +0000
This is what my missions model looks like:
from django_pg import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
OUTCOME_CHOICES = (
('U', 'Unsuccessful'),
('S', 'Successful'),
)
class Team (models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
address = models.CharField(max_length = 100)
description = models.TextField
leader = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
members = models.TextField
class Customer(models.Model):
first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 25)
surname = models.CharField(max_length = 30)
address = models.CharField(max_length = 100)
citizenship = models.CharField(max_length = 40)
class Mission(models.Model):
customer = models.ForeignKey('Customer')
description = models.TextField
location = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
difficulty = models.CharField(max_length = 20)
def __str__(self):
return self.description, self.location, self.difficulty
class Report(models.Model):
mission = models.ForeignKey('Mission')
outcome = models.CharField(max_length = 15, choices = OUTCOME_CHOICES)
comments = models.TextField
def __str__(self):
return self.outcome
Here is what appears in my command prompt:
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
February 22, 2016 - 23:02:00
Django version 1.9.1, using settings 'heroesForHire.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
[22/Feb/2016 23:02:15] "GET /admin/missions/ HTTP/1.1" 200 3452
[22/Feb/2016 23:02:40] "GET /admin/missions/mission/ HTTP/1.1" 302 0
[22/Feb/2016 23:02:42] "GET /admin/missions/mission/?e=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 1114
[22/Feb/2016 23:02:44] "GET /admin/missions/ HTTP/1.1" 200 3452
Internal Server Error: /admin/missions/mission/add/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 149, i
n get_response
response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 147, i
n get_response
response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 541
, in wrapper
return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 149, in
_wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\cache.py", line 57
, in _wrapped_view_func
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\sites.py", line 244,
in inner
return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 143
5, in add_view
return self.changeform_view(request, None, form_url, extra_context)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 67, in _
wrapper
return bound_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 149, in
_wrapped_view
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py", line 63, in b
ound_func
return func.__get__(self, type(self))(*args2, **kwargs2)
File "C:\Python34\lib\contextlib.py", line 30, in inner
return func(*args, **kwds)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 136
7, in changeform_view
ModelForm = self.get_form(request, obj)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 605
, in get_form
fields = flatten_fieldsets(self.get_fieldsets(request, obj))
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 296
, in get_fieldsets
return [(None, {'fields': self.get_fields(request, obj)})]
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 594
, in get_fields
form = self.get_form(request, obj, fields=None)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 639
, in get_form
return modelform_factory(self.model, **defaults)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 545, in mode
lform_factory
return type(form)(class_name, (form,), form_class_attrs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 247, in __ne
w__
opts.field_classes)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py", line 176, in fiel
ds_for_model
formfield = formfield_callback(f, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 145
, in formfield_for_dbfield
formfield = self.formfield_for_foreignkey(db_field, request, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\options.py", line 228
, in formfield_for_foreignkey
return db_field.formfield(**kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\related.py", line
942, in formfield
'queryset': self.remote_field.model._default_manager.using(db),
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 122, in
manager_method
return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 997, in u
sing
clone = self._clone()
File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 1062, in
_clone
clone = self.__class__(model=self.model, query=query, using=self._db, hints=
self._hints)
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'hints'
[22/Feb/2016 23:03:21] "GET /admin/missions/mission/add/ HTTP/1.1" 500 163527
Does anyone have any idea about how to fix this please?