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No such file or directory on Mac terminal for python

hello.py is my first python program. It is saved on my desktop.
In the terminal I write in front of
user#AA-MacBook-Air ~ % python3 hello.py
The error is
can't open file 'hello.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
Kindly help me understand the problem and solve it.

In the terminal you are currently in the directory ~. This signifies the folder /Users/<username>. Your script is on your desktop.
Type cd Desktop to change to /Users/<username>/Desktop and then run python3 hello.py.

you first need to change destination with cd

The error message, No such file or directory pretty much gives the explanation. Check if the file hello.py is present in the correct working directory. This can done graphically or using the ls command. If it is not present, copy the file the to the directory or navigate to the location of the file hello.py in terminal using cd.

Call a file in another folder in Eclipse for Python project

I have a small enough Python project in Eclipse Neon and keep getting the same error and can't find proper documentation on how to solve. In my main I need to call a file that is located in another folder. The error I receive is IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:
I have an empty init.py file in the folder (XML_TXT) that I'm trying to use.

It looks like Groovy is importing okay, or else you would get an ImportError. An IOError indicates that it can't find "test.txt". Does that file exist?
It will work if the file path is relative to where you are running the script from. So for example if test.txt is in a folder
Groovy("folder_name/test.txt")
You can also go up in the directory structure if you need to, for example
Groovy("../folder_name/test.txt")
Or, if you want to be able to run the file from anywhere, you can have python work out the absolute path of the file for you.
import os
filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'folder_name/test.txt')
u = Groovy(filename)

Why does not Atom recognize other files in the same directory?

I want to use some text files that I have in the same directory in my script. But Atom always gives me this error
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'comments.txt'
[Finished in 0.156s]
Anyone know how to fix this?
This is my code
with open('comments.txt', 'r') as f:
myNames = [line.strip() for line in f]
print(myNames)
It works on other IDE's such as Pycharm and sublime text. I also tried it on the python idle.
In Atom, it only works when I give it the full path. But I want it to only use the project path.

If you are using the Script package, go to File>Settings (or CTRL+,) then open the Packages tab. Find script and open its Settings menu. The first setting is "Change Current Working Directory (CWD) Behavior." Change the value from "First project directory" to "Directory of script."

It could be that atom changes a file path.
Run a file or command to check
import os
print(os.getcwd())
This will tell you which dir you are working from.
Use this in your script to change dir
os.chdir(PATH_TO_DIR)
or write full file path

CMD can't normaly read 'C:\Program Files'

I have some problem with my WIndows CMD.
Some time I need to open python file using CMD command. And I write: 'C:\Program Files\Python X.X\python.exe file.py' but have error: 'C:\Program' isn't system command (maybe not the same, I have another OS language).
With different methods I have different errors but can't open python file.
Examples:
(Picture) translate: can't find 'C:\Program'...
(Picture) another example when I trying to write python directory first and then start python file, but it can't find python file.
Thanks for helping me.

There seems to be 2 different problems here.
Windows does not recognise spaces in directory or file names on the command line, so you need to put the directory insied "" .
i.e. "C:\Program Files\Python 3.4\python.exe"
In your second picture, suggests that run.py does not exist in the current directory. Change Directory to where the run.py file is before running that command.

First of all go to the directory where your python file is located ... like:
cd "c:\users\someone\documents\..."
On your pictures you are trying to run python file located in system32 folder but i guess it is not located there so move where the file is with that cd command
Then as Martin says the problem with path of python.exe is the space between words. To solve put the path into quotation marks.
But u can add python to system path and insted of writing full path u can write only
python file.py
How to add python to path see here https://superuser.com/questions/143119/how-to-add-python-to-the-windows-path

Full File Path vs. Short OSX

I'm running OSX Mavericks but this problem has been going on since I had Snow Leopard.
When writing a script in any language, eg: Python. When I try to open a file the short
form doesn't work.
file = open('donkey.jpg')
And I get this error:
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'donkey.jpg'
Instead, I always have to specify the full path.
file = open('/Users/myName/Desktop/donkey.jpg')
Any ideas on why this could be happening and how to correct it?

If you specify donkey.png, it means donkey.jpg file in the current working directory. (relative path)
Make sure you're running the script in the same directory where donkey.jpg exists.
If you want specify the image file path relative to the script file instead of current working directory use following:
import os
filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'donkey.jpg')
NOTE You can use __file__ only in script file. (not in interactive mode)

Your open call does not have a mode parameter. In which case, it defaults to opening the file in read mode.
Unless the file you are opening (to read) resides in the current working directory, it is completely expected that the python script throws a IOError.