I am doing some experimentation with tkinter and have run into a bit of trouble with grid_remove. I can use it fine with a simple button that links to a command that removes a specific widget, but I can't seem to get it to work when it is part of a class.
When I try and run this:
class Text(object):
def __init__(self, label_text, r, c):
self.label_text = label_text
self.r = r
self.c = c
self.label = Label(root, text = self.label_text).grid(row = self.r, column = self.c)
def hide(self):
self.grid_remove()
def show(self):
self.grid()
I get the error:
AttributeError: 'Text' object has no attribute 'grid_remove'
I also want to have a button controlling the visibility of the widgets, so how should I specify a command for the button? At the moment I have:
button = Button(root, text = 'Hide', command = one.hide()).grid(row = 2)
So, for others who have come across this problem, here's what I needed to change in order to get my script to work.
First of all, writing .grid() right after creating the Label was assigning the value of grid to self.label instead of assigning Label to it. The value of grid is a value of none so that was creating the first error. After fixing that part of the code it looks like:
self.label = Label(root, text = self.label_text)
self.label.grid(row = self.r, column = self.c)
The next problem was defining the hide and show functions. I was trying to grid_remove the whole Text class. However, the Text class comprises of many different things, one of which is a Label. I needed to specify to apply grid_remove to only the Label instead of the whole class. After fixing the definitions they look like this:
def hide(self):
self.label.grid_remove()
def show(self):
self.label.grid()
And the last error was the command in the buttons. I had written command = one.hide(). However, for some reason that is not known to me, I instead had to write only command = one.hide without the parentheses. After fixing that the buttons look like:
button = Button(root, text = 'Hide', command = one.hide).grid(row = 2)
So the reason my script wasn't working was not due to one simple error but a combination of all of these. I hope this will help someone else in the future!
Related
I have four radio buttons. Underneath these four button is an Entry widget. I am trying to make this Entry widget only become available to type into when the last radio button is selected. The gui is in a class, as you can see in the code below:
class Gui:
def __init__(self):
pass
def draw(self):
global root
if not root:
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('280x350')
self.type = tk.StringVar()
self.type_label = tk.Label(text="Game Mode")
self.name_entry = tk.Entry()
self.name_entry.configure(state="disabled")
self.name_entry.update()
self.type_entry_one = tk.Radiobutton(text="Garage", value="garage", variable=self.type, command=self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_two = tk.Radiobutton(text="Festival", value="festival", variable=self.type, command=self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_three = tk.Radiobutton(text="Studio", value="studio", variable=self.type, command=self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_four = tk.Radiobutton(text="Rockslam", value="rockslam", variable=self.type, command=self.enable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_label.pack()
self.type_entry_one.pack()
self.type_entry_two.pack()
self.type_entry_three.pack()
self.type_entry_four.pack()
self.name_entry.pack()
root.mainloop()
def enable_entry(self, entry):
entry.configure(state="normal")
entry.update()
def disable_entry(self, entry):
entry.configure(state="disabled")
entry.update()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = None
gui = Gui()
gui.draw()
However, the the self.name_entry is always available to type into. What am I doing wrong. If you still don't understand what is happening then please run this code yourself and you will see.
Thank you very much for your time and I look forward to responses.
You have the right idea about using the RadioButton to enable/disable the entry widget. Mostly it is your class design that is flawed - it is halfway between OO code, and procedural code...
I fixed the class structure and made it a subclass of tk.Tk so it completely encapsulate your GUI. The name_entry is now enabled only when type_entry_four radio button is selected, and disabled otherwise. I've set that last button to be selected at launch, but you can easily change that; it results in the entry being enabled at launch.
Superfluous variable passing through methods was removed, as was the draw method and the calls to it; all widget creation is now conveniently found in GUI.__init__
import tkinter as tk
class Gui(tk.Tk):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.geometry('280x350')
self.select_type = tk.StringVar()
self.type_label = tk.Label(self, text='Game Mode')
self.name_entry = tk.Entry(self)
self.type_entry_one = tk.Radiobutton(self, text='Garage', value='garage', variable=self.select_type, command=self.disable_entry)
self.type_entry_two = tk.Radiobutton(self, text='Festival', value='festival', variable=self.select_type, command=self.disable_entry)
self.type_entry_three = tk.Radiobutton(self, text='Studio', value='studio', variable=self.select_type, command=self.disable_entry)
self.type_entry_four = tk.Radiobutton(self, text='Rockslam', value='rockslam', variable=self.select_type, command=self.enable_entry)
self.select_type.set('rockslam') # select the last radiobutton; also enables name_entry
self.type_label.pack()
self.type_entry_one.pack()
self.type_entry_two.pack()
self.type_entry_three.pack()
self.type_entry_four.pack()
self.name_entry.pack()
def enable_entry(self):
self.name_entry.configure(state='normal')
def disable_entry(self):
self.name_entry.configure(state='disabled')
if __name__ == '__main__':
Gui().mainloop()
The only problemS, I see, your facing here is because your not passing in the value "properly" into the function, when you use (..), your calling the function, so to get rid of that use lambda, like:
self.type_entry_one = tk.Radiobutton(text="Garage", value="garage", variable=self.type, command=lambda: self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_two = tk.Radiobutton(text="Festival", value="festival", variable=self.type, command=lambda:self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_three = tk.Radiobutton(text="Studio", value="studio", variable=self.type, command=lambda:self.disable_entry(self.name_entry))
self.type_entry_four = tk.Radiobutton(text="Rockslam", value="rockslam", variable=self.type, command=lambda:self.enable_entry(self.name_entry))
When using command=lambda:func(arg), this will get executed only when selecting a radiobutton. That is the point of using a radiobutton, right?
Also notice that when the initial code is run, the entire radiobuttons are selected, I think its probably because of tristate values, to get rid of that there are 2 ways I'm aware of:
Changing the declaration of self.type to:
self.type = tk.StringVar(value=' ')
Or, you could also go on adding an extra option to each radiobutton, tristatevalue=' ', like:
self.type_entry_one = tk.Radiobutton(text="Garage",..,tristatevalue=' ')
But make sure to do just one of the above solution. Take a read here about more on tristate values.
Also keep a note that your not passing in any master window to the widgets, its fine as long as your having just one window, when working with multiple windows, it may get confusing for where the widgets should appear.
Also side-note, if this is the complete code, then if nothing is being done on __init__(), its definition can be removed.
I am trying to make the user input a string for my implemented DFA diagram, and I want the input box to be displayed along with its output right under it in the same GUI box. I'm only including one of my functions to show how I used tkinter's messagebox to display the output.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import simpledialog
from tkinter import messagebox
import tkinter
def q3(s, i) :
if (i == len(s)) :
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('Answer',"REJECTED")
return;
if (s[i] == 'a') :
q3(s, i + 1);
elif (s[i] == 'b'):
q3(s, i + 1);
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
user_inp = simpledialog.askstring(title="DFA", prompt="Enter a string within the alphabet {a,b}* Suffix must be bb")
This code works to display the results correctly, like this.
AKA, when the user inputs the string and presses OK, it opens another GUI to display the results. Please help me so that I can have a GUI that displays both in the same box. It's even harder because all of my DFA functions (I have one for q0, q1, q2, and q3) have different results for the output as rejected/accepted. I'm not sure if I have to create a variable for the each of them. (The only one that is accepted is q2). I'm also not sure if I need to use any Labels. In your answer, if there's imports I must include, please include that as well.
Well I tried to understand what you really want, but couldnt get it, so I put together what I feel that you might want, with an example:
from tkinter import *
class Custombox:
def __init__(self, title, text):
self.title = title
self.text = text
def store():
self.new = self.entry.get() #storing data from entry box onto variable
if self.new == 'Hello World': #checking
a.change('ACCEPTED') #changing text
else:
a.change('REJECTED') #else, changing text
self.win = Toplevel()
self.win.title(self.title)
# self.win.geometry('400x150')
self.win.wm_attributes('-topmost', True)
self.label = Label(self.win, text=self.text)
self.label.grid(row=0, column=0, pady=(20, 10),columnspan=3,sticky='w',padx=10)
self.l = Label(self.win)
self.entry = Entry(self.win, width=50)
self.entry.grid(row=1, column=1,columnspan=2,padx=10)
self.b1 = Button(self.win, text='Ok', width=10,command=store)
self.b1.grid(row=3, column=1,pady=10)
self.b2 = Button(self.win, text='Cancel', width=10,command=self.win.destroy)
self.b2.grid(row=3, column=2,pady=10)
def __str__(self):
return str(self.new)
def change(self,ran_text):
self.l.config(text=ran_text,font=(0,12))
self.l.grid(row=2,column=1,columnspan=3,sticky='nsew',pady=5)
root = Tk()
root.withdraw()
a = Custombox('Custom box', 'Enter a string within the alphabet {a,b}*. Suffix must be bb.')
root.mainloop()
Over here im creating a window using basic tkinter properties and placements and all you have to understand is that store() inside that class is similar to your q3() as I couldnt understand what was going on there, I just made my own function. So you will have to replace store() with what works for you, but do not change the self.new = self.entry.get(). Yes this might seem a bit shady, but it was the quickest i could do, because im a beginner as well.
Anyways here, a has the value of whatever you type into the entry widget, BUT while using a, make sure to use str(a) or you wont get correct results as type(a) returns <class '__main__.Custombox'>. Do let me know if you face any difficulty in the implementation of this class. I know there are mistakes here, feel free to edit those mistakes out or let me know.
I'm trying to learn tkinter and I wanted to write a simple rock paper scissors game, where there is a window with 3 buttons and one text widget.
I'd like to be able to press any of the buttons and for the message to appear in the text field, then click a different button, the text field to clear and display a new message associated with the second button and so on.
From the tutorials I've watched, I know that I can pass the function housing text widget as an argument in button command parameter.I know I could make 3 functions with a text field, one for each button (displaying one at a time) but that's probably not the correct way. Here's what I have so far:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Rock Paper Scissors")
root.geometry("420x200")
def Rock():
rockText = "Paper!"
return rockText
def Paper():
paperText = "Scissors!"
return paperText
def Scissors():
scissorsText = "Rock!"
return scissorsText
def display():
textDisplay = tk.Text(master = root, height = 10, width = 50)
textDisplay.grid(row = 1, columnspan = 5)
textDisplay.insert(tk.END, Rock())
buttonRock = tk.Button(text = "Rock", command = display).grid(row = 0, column = 1, padx = 10)
buttonPaper = tk.Button(text = "Paper").grid(row = 0, column = 2, padx = 10)
buttonScissors = tk.Button(text = "Scissors").grid(row = 0, column = 3, padx = 10)
root.mainloop()
Any help will be appreciated.
Edit: Second thought - I can imagine I'm complicating this for myself by trying to force the game to work this way. With the random module I'd be able to get away with one function for the computer choice with a list and saving the random pick in a parameter, then returning the value into the display function.
So if I got this right you just want to make a button click change the text in the Text-widget. For that you have two easy and quite similar options. First would be to define 3 functions, as you did, and let them change the text directly. The second option would be to make one function which changes the text according to whats given. Note that in the second case we will have to use lambda which works quite well in smaller projects but decreases the efficiency of your programs when they get bigger.
First option:
import tkinter as tk
class App:
def __init__(self):
root=tk.Tk()
root.title("Rock Paper Scissors")
root.geometry("420x200")
self.text=Text(root)
self.text.grid(row=1,columnspan=5)
tk.Button(root,text="Rock",command=self.Rock).grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10)
tk.Button(root,text="Paper",command=self.Paper).grid(row=0,column=2)
tk.Button(root,text="Scissors",command=self.Scissors).grid(row=0,column=3,padx=10)
root.mainloop()
def Rock(self):
text="Paper!"
self.text.delete(0,END) #delete everything from the Text
self.text.insert(0,text) #put the text in
def Paper(self):
text="Scissors!"
self.text.delete(0,END) #delete everything from the Text
self.text.insert(0,text) #put the text in
def Scissors(self):
text="Rock!"
self.text.delete(0,END) #delete everything from the Text
self.text.insert(0,text) #put the text in
if __name__=='__main__':
App()
Second option:
import tkinter as tk
class App:
def __init__(self):
root=tk.Tk()
root.title("Rock Paper Scissors")
root.geometry("420x200")
self.text=Text(root)
self.text.grid(row=1,columnspan=5)
tk.Button(root,text="Rock",command=lambda: self.updateText('Paper!')).grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10)
tk.Button(root,text="Paper",command=lambda: self.updateText('Scissors!')).grid(row=0,column=2)
tk.Button(root,text="Scissors",command=lambda: self.updateText('Rock!')).grid(row=0,column=3,padx=10)
root.mainloop()
def updateText(self,text):
self.text.delete(0,END) #delete everything from the Text
self.text.insert(0,text) #put the text in
if __name__=='__main__':
App()
Some little side notes from me here:
If you use grid, pack or place right on the widget itself you wont assign the widget to a variable but the return of the grid, pack or place function which is None. So rather first assign the widget to an variable and then use a geometry manager on it like I did for the Text-widget.
You don't have to extra set the title with the title function afterwards. You can set it with the className-argument in Tk.
If you're working with tkinter its fine to do it functionally but rather use a class to build up GUIs.
When creating new widgets always be sure to pass them the variable for the root window first. They will get it themselves too if you don't do that but that needs more unnecessary background activity and if you have more than one Tk-window open it will automatically chooses one which may not be the one you want it to take.
And one small tip in the end: If you want to learn more about all the tkinter widgets try http://effbot.org/tkinterbook/tkinter-index.htm#class-reference.
I hope its helpfull. Have fun programming!
EDIT:
I just saw your edit with the random module. In this case I would recommend the second option. Just remove the text-argument from updateText and replace lambda: self.updateText(...) with self.updateText(). In updateText itself you add that random of list thing you mentioned. :D
So I'm using .place to set the location of my widgets at the moment.
def printresults():
SClabelspare=Label(cwindow, text ="Please enter the Customers ID Number:" ).place(x=10,y=560)
I'm looking to call another subroutine that will destroy these widgets. I believe there is something called .destroy() or .place_destroy? I'm not quite sure how these would work though and I have tried to create one that looked like this:
def destroy_widgets():
SClabelspare.destroy()
but it just produces an error code that says NameError: global name 'SClabelspare' is not defined
Any help will be appreciated!
First, place() returns None so SClabelspare==None not a Tkinter ID. Second it is local, so is garbage collected when the function exits. You have to keep a reference to the object which can be done in many ways. A Python tutorial would be a good idea to get the basics before you go further https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers Also, programming a Tkinter app without using class structures is a frustrating experience, unless it is something very simple. Otherwise you get errors like yours and have to spend much time and effort trying to overcome them. This is an example that I already have and is meant to to give a general idea of the process.
from Tkinter import *
from functools import partial
class ButtonsTest:
def __init__(self):
self.top = Tk()
self.top.title("Click a button to remove")
Label(self.top, text="Click a button to remove it",
bg="lightyellow").grid(row=0)
self.top_frame = Frame(self.top, width =400, height=400)
self.button_dic = {}
self.buttons()
self.top_frame.grid(row=1, column=0)
Button(self.top_frame, text='Exit', bg="orange",
command=self.top.quit).grid(row=10,column=0, columnspan=5)
self.top.mainloop()
##-------------------------------------------------------------------
def buttons(self):
b_row=1
b_col=0
for but_num in range(1, 11):
## create a button and send the button's number to
## self.cb_handler when the button is pressed
b = Button(self.top_frame, text = str(but_num),
command=partial(self.cb_handler, but_num))
b.grid(row=b_row, column=b_col)
## dictionary key=button number --> button instance
self.button_dic[but_num] = b
b_col += 1
if b_col > 4:
b_col = 0
b_row += 1
##----------------------------------------------------------------
def cb_handler( self, cb_number ):
print "\ncb_handler", cb_number
self.button_dic[cb_number].grid_forget()
##===================================================================
BT=ButtonsTest()
Or, if this is supposed to be very simple, without a lot of hard-to-manage global variables, and if class structures would only introduce needless complexity, you might try something like this (it worked for me in the python3 interpreter from the command line):
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
def victim():
global vic
vic = Toplevel(root)
vicblab = Label(vic, text='Please bump me off')
vicblab.grid()
def bumper():
global vic
bump = Toplevel(root)
bumpbutt = Button(bump, text='Bump off', command=vic.destroy)
bumpbutt.grid()
victim()
bumper()
I am quite new to Tkinter, but, nevertheless, I was asked to "create" a simple form where user could provide info about the status of their work (this is sort of a side project to my usual work).
Since I need to have quite a big number of text widget (where users are required to provide comments about status of documentation, or open issues and so far), I would like to have something "scrollable" (along the y-axis).
I browsed around looking for solutions and after some trial and error I found something that works quite fine.
Basically I create a canvas, and inside a canvas a have a scrollbar and a frame. Within the frame I have all the widgets that I need.
This is a snipet of the code (with just some of the actual widgets, in particular the text ones):
from Tkinter import *
## My frame for form
class simpleform_ap(Tk):
# constructor
def __init__(self,parent):
Tk.__init__(self,parent)
self.parent = parent
self.initialize()
#
def initialize(self):
#
self.grid_columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.grid_rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
#
self.canvas=Canvas(self.parent)
self.canvas.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky='nsew')
#
self.yscrollbar = Scrollbar(self,orient=VERTICAL)
self.yscrollbar.grid(column =4, sticky="ns")
#
self.yscrollbar.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
self.yscrollbar.pack(size=RIGTH,expand=FALSE)
#
self.canvas.config(yscrollcommand=self.yscrollbar.set)
self.canvas.pack(side=LEFT,expand=TRUE,fill=BOTH)
#
self.frame1 = Frame(self.canvas)
self.canvas.create_window(0,0,window=self.frame1,anchor='nw')
# Various Widget
# Block Part
# Label
self.labelVariableIP = StringVar() # Label variable
labelIP=Label(self.frame1,textvariable=self.labelVariableIP,
anchor="w",
fg="Black")
labelIP.grid(column=0,row=0,columnspan=1,sticky='EW')
self.labelVariableIP.set(u"IP: ")
# Entry: Single line of text!!!!
self.entryVariableIP =StringVar() # variable for entry field
self.entryIP =Entry(self.frame1,
textvariable=self.entryVariableIP,bg="White")
self.entryIP.grid(column = 1, row= 0, sticky='EW')
self.entryVariableIP.set(u"IP")
# Update Button or Enter
button1=Button(self.frame1, text=u"Update",
command=self.OnButtonClickIP)
button1.grid(column=2, row=0)
self.entryIP.bind("<Return>", self.OnPressEnterIP)
#...
# Other widget here
#
# Some Text
# Label
self.labelVariableText = StringVar() # Label variable
labelText=Label(self.frame1,textvariable=
self.labelVariableText,
anchor="nw",
fg="Black")
labelText.grid(column=0,row=curr_row,columnspan=1,sticky='EW')
self.labelVariableTexta.set(u"Insert some texts: ")
# Text
textState = TRUE
self.TextVar=StringVar()
self.mytext=Text(self.frame1,state=textState,
height = text_height, width = 10,
fg="black",bg="white")
#
self.mytext.grid(column=1, row=curr_row+4, columnspan=2, sticky='EW')
self.mytext.insert('1.0',"Insert your text")
#
# other text widget here
#
self.update()
self.geometry(self.geometry() )
self.frame1.update_idletasks()
self.canvas.config(scrollregion=(0,0,
self.frame1.winfo_width(),
self.frame1.winfo_height()))
#
def release_block(argv):
# Create Form
form = simpleform_ap(None)
form.title('Release Information')
#
form.mainloop()
#
if __name__ == "__main__":
release_block(sys.argv)
As I mentioned before, this scripts quite does the work, even if, it has a couple of small issue that are not "fundamental" but a little annoying.
When I launch it I got this (sorry for the bad screen-capture):
enter image description here
As it can be seen, it only shows up the first "column" of the grid, while I would like to have all them (in my case they should be 4)
To see all of the fields, I have to resize manually (with the mouse) the window.
What I would like to have is something like this (all 4 columns are there):
enter image description here
Moreover, the scrollbar does not extend all over the form, but it is just on the low, right corner of the windows.
While the latter issue (scrollbar) I can leave with it, the first one is a little more important, since I would like to have the final user to have a "picture" of what they should do without needing to resize the windows.
Does any have any idea on how I should proceed with this?
What am I missing?
Thanks in advance for your help
In the __init__ method of your class, you do not appear to have set the size of your main window. You should do that, or it will just set the window to a default size, which will only show whatever it can, and in your case, only 1 column. Therefore, in the __init__ method, try putting self.geometry(str(your_width) + "x" + str(your_height)) where your_width and your_height are whatever integers you choose that allow you to see what you need to in the window.
As for your scrollbar issue, all I had to do was change the way your scrollbar was added to the canvas to a .pack() and added the attributes fill = 'y' and side = RIGHT to it, like so:
self.yscrollbar.pack(side = 'right', fill = 'y')
Also, you don't need:
self.yscrollbar.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
self.yscrollbar.pack(size=RIGHT,expand=FALSE)
Just add the command option to the creation of the scrollbar, like so:
self.scrollbar = Scrollbar(self,orient=VERTICAL,command=self.canvas.yview)
In all, the following changes should make your code work as expected:
Add:
def __init__(self,parent):
Tk.__init__(self,parent)
self.parent = parent
self.initialize()
# Resize the window from the default size to make your widgets fit. Experiment to see what is best for you.
your_width = # An integer of your choosing
your_height = # An integer of your choosing
self.geometry(str(your_width) + "x" + str(your_height))
Add and Edit:
# Add `command=self.canvas.yview`
self.yscrollbar = Scrollbar(self,orient=VERTICAL,command=self.canvas.yview)
# Use `.pack` instead of `.grid`
self.yscrollbar.pack(side = 'right', fill = 'y')
Remove:
self.yscrollbar.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
self.yscrollbar.pack(size=RIGHT,expand=FALSE)