I'm learning Flask and am a bit confused about how to structure my code. So I tried to extend Flask main class as follows:
from flask import Flask, ...
class App(Flask):
def __init__(self, import_name, *args, **kwargs):
super(App, self).__init__(import_name, *args, **kwargs)
Note that I am aware of that this may be a completely wrong approach.
So that when I want to start the app I do:
app = App(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
This way I can order my methods and routes in the class, but the problem is when using self-decorators:
#route('/')
def home(self, context=None):
context = context or dict()
return render_template('home.html', **context)
Which raises an error as unresolved reference 'route'. I guess this is not the way I should be structuring the app. How should I do it instead or how do I get the error fixed?
Doing this doesn't make sense. You would subclass Flask to change its internal behavior, not to define your routes as class methods.
Instead, you're looking for blueprints and the app factory pattern. Blueprints divide your views into groups without requiring an app, and the factory creates and sets up the app only when called.
my_app/users/__init__.py
from flask import Blueprint
bp = Blueprint('users', __name__, url_prefix='/users')
my_app/users/views.py
from flask import render_template
from my_app.users import bp
#bp.route('/')
def index():
return render_template('users/index.html')
my_app/__init__.py
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
# set up the app here
# for example, register a blueprint
from my_app.users import bp
app.register_blueprint(bp)
return app
run.py
from my_app import create_app
app = create_app()
Run the dev server with:
FLASK_APP=run.py
FLASK_DEBUG=True
flask run
If you need access to the app in a view, use current_app, just like request gives access to the request in the view.
from flask import current_app
from itsdangerous import URLSafeSerializer
#bp.route('/token')
def token():
s = URLSafeSerializer(current_app.secret_key)
return s.dumps('secret')
If you really want to define routes as methods of a Flask subclass, you'll need to use self.add_url_rule in __init__ rather than decorating each route locally.
class MyFlask(Flask):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.add_url_rule('/', view_func=self.index)
def index(self):
return render_template('index.html')
The reason route (and self) won't work is because it's an instance method, but you don't have an instance when you're defining the class.
Related
i am trying to generate Flask route using a basic DI i.e mapping methods as route handlers, i am a total beginner at Flask so mind my basic skills
class myClass():
def __init__(self):
self.dbConnObj = DbToolsMySql('someconnection', 'slave')
self.dbConnObj.connect()
self.blueprint = Blueprint('myClass', __name__)
self.blueprint.add_url_rule('/my_method', view_func=self.my_method)
def my_method(self, event):
retun "hello"
and then in my handler file
from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Api, Resource
from src.app.services.myClassimport myClass
app = Flask(__name__)
app.register_blueprint(myClass.blueprint)
if __name__ == "main":
app.run()
Quite simple ehh???? but not working... i am getting following message
Not Found The requested URL was not found on the server. If you
entered the URL manually please check your spelling and try again.
typically you add routes to the Flask app with decorators like so:
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route('/some-endpoint')
def some_endpoint_handler():
# do something
pass
Or you can add without a decorator like so:
def some_endpoint_handler():
# do something
pass
app = Flask(__name__)
app.route('/some-endpoint', methods=['GET'])(some_endpoint_handler)
So in your scenario, you can pass the app.route call to your myClass object and set the route like this:
class myClass():
def __init__(self, router):
self.dbConnObj = DbToolsMySql('someconnection', 'slave')
self.dbConnObj.connect()
self.blueprint = Blueprint('myClass', __name__)
#self.blueprint.add_url_rule('/my_method', view_func=self.my_method)
router('/my_method', ['GET'])(self.my_method)
def my_method(self, event):
retun "hello"
myObj = myClass( app.route )
or, invert the dependency:
app = Flask(__name__)
#app.route(myClass.blueprint.some_endpoint_string)
def some_endpoint_handler():
myClass.blueprint.call_some_endpoint_handler()
pass
if __name__ == "main":
app.run()
Say I have an app created like this:
class Parent:
def __init__(self):
self.value = 4
self.app = create_app()
if __name__ == '__main__':
parent = Parent()
parent.app.run(debug=True)
With registered blueprints in some __init __.py file from a module containing the static, templates folders etc:
def create_app():
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'Heya!'
from .views import views
app.register_blueprint(views, url_prefix='/')
return app
And with a views.py file containing this:
views = Blueprint('views', __name__)
#views.route('/')
def index():
return render_template("index.html")
Is there a nice way to to access methods or properties from the parent class inside the route?
Of course this doesn't work but for explanation:
#views.route('/')
def index():
value = parent.value
return render_template("index.html")
Or more generally, how can I reach objects outside the app that maybe run in different threads for example? Normally I would pass the parent, but I have no idea how to achieve this here.
Here are my code blocks:
Below one is overriding Flask Blueprint and adding attribute config which copies the app's config.
# Overriding Flask Blueprint
from flask import Blueprint
class CustomBlueprint(Blueprint):
def __init__(self, name, import_name):
super().__init__(name, import_name)
self.config = None
self.guard = None
def register(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
self.config = app.config
self.guard = app.guard
print(self.guard) # Works Fine
print(self.config) # Works Fine
super(CustomBlueprint, self).register(app, options, first_registration)
Below one is using that class.
from src.SHARED.overriden.blueprint import CustomBlueprint
from .guard import module_guard
example = CustomBlueprint('EXAMPLE', __name__)
print(example.config) # Here is the problem: It prints None
#example.route('/')
#module_guard
def hello_example():
return "Example is Working !!"
And I tried one another way also, using #property, getter, and setter. But that gives an error, Attribute Error: Can't add Attribute
I want to access/print the app.config, what should I do ??
you need app.app_context().push() in your app.py
You can access app.config on your Blueprints using current_app.config.
from flask import Blueprint, current_app
from .guard import module_guard
example = Blueprint('EXAMPLE', __name__)
# Want to access current_app here e.g print(current_app.config)
#example.route('/')
#module_guard
def hello_example():
return '{}'.format(current_app.config.get('ENV'))
https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#flask.current_app
I'm trying to define some global constants for my app, and have found that this can be done with a function that's decorated as #app.context_processor.
However, the issue is that I don't have an app variable. My application uses an application factory, and I'd like to keep it that way. Is there a different way to register a function as the context_processor for my app?
One option I have seen is to apply the decorator to each Blueprint instead of applying it to the app. That's something I would like to avoid though, since it would lead to a lot of duplicate code.
The issue is that there is no app object in case of factories. You have a create_app function where the app gets created.
So to install the context processors you can use create_app itself
def create_app(config_filename):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_pyfile(config_filename)
from yourapplication.model import db
db.init_app(app)
from yourapplication.context_processor import myprocessor
app.context_processor(myprocessor)
from yourapplication.views.frontend import frontend
app.register_blueprint(frontend)
return app
You could also have the function in the same app.py file (wherever the create_app() function is written). In such a case, you could simply register the context_processor without importing it.
Another approach is to do it in a blueprint as shown in below
Flask context processors functions
from flask import Blueprint
thingy = Blueprint("thingy", __name__, template_folder='templates')
#thingy.route("/")
def index():
return render_template("thingy_test.html")
#thingy.context_processor
def utility_processor():
def format_price(amount, currency=u'$'):
return u'{1}{0:.2f}'.format(amount, currency)
return dict(format_price=format_price)
Suppose I need to do before_request for each flask servers
How can I share the following snippet to each servers without COPY-PASTE
#app.before_request
def before_request(*args, **kwargs):
params = get_params()
if params.has_key('start_dt') and params.has_key('end_dt'):
g.mongo_query = Mongo.get_date_range_query(params)
else:
g.mongo_query = {}
You could use application factory for this. If you initialize your flask applications like so:
from flask import Flask
import yourdb
def create_app(config_filename):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_pyfile(config_filename)
yourdb.init_app(app)
#add_extensions
#add_blueprints/views
# ... some other configuration ...
#app.before_request
def before_request(*args, **kwargs):
#Your code
return app
From manage/run, you would then
from somewhere import create_app
app = create_app(<your_config>)