I am running a REST API (Search API) with Tweepy in Python. I worked the program at home and it's totally fine. But now I am working on this in different networks and I got the error message.
SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'ssl3_get_server_certificate', 'certificate verify failed')],)",)
My code is like this.
auth = tweepy.AppAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret)
api = tweepy.API(auth,wait_on_rate_limit=True, wait_on_rate_limit_notify=True)
I found this post
Python Requests throwing up SSLError
and set the following code (verify = false) may be a quick solution. Does anyone know how to do it or other ways in tweepy? Thank you.
In streaming.py, adding verify = False in line# 105 did the trick for me as shown below. Though it is not advisable to use this approach as it makes the connection unsafe. Haven't been able to come up with a workaround for this yet.
stream = Stream(auth, listener, verify = False)
I ran into the same problem and unfortunately the only thing that worked was setting verify=False in auth.py in Tweepy (for me Tweepy is located in /anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tweepy on my Mac):
resp = requests.post(self._get_oauth_url('token'),
auth=(self.consumer_key,
self.consumer_secret),
data={'grant_type': 'client_credentials'},
verify=False)
Edit:
Behind a corporate firewall, there is a certificate issue. In chrome go to settings-->advanced-->certificates and download your corporate CA certificate. Then, in Tweepy binder.py, right under session = requests.session() add
session.verify = 'path_to_corporate_certificate.cer'
First, verify if you can access twitter just using a proxy configuration. If so, you can modify this line on your code to include a proxy URL:
self.api = tweepy.API(self.auth)
Adding verify=False will ignore the validation that has to be made and all the data will be transferred in plain text without any encryption.
pip install certifi
The above installation fixes the bad handshake and ssl error.
For anybody that might stumble on this like I did, I had a similar problem because my company was using a proxy, and the SSL check failed while trying to verify the proxy's certificate.
The solution was to export the proxy's root certificate as a .pem file. Then you can add this certificate to certifi's trust store by doing:
import certifi
cafile = certifi.where()
with open(r<path to pem file>, 'rb') as infile:
customca = infile.read()
with open(cafile, 'ab') as outfile:
outfile.write(customca)
You'll have to replace <path to pem file> with the path to the exported file. This should allow requests (and tweepy) to successfully validate the certificates.
Related
I'm trying to connect to one of my internal services at: https://myservice.my-alternative-domain.com through Python Requests. I'm using Python 3.6
I'm using a custom CA bundle to verify the request, and I'm getting the next error:
SSLError: hostname 'myservice.my-domain.com' doesn't match either of 'my-domain.com', 'my-alternative-domain.com'
The SSL certificate that the internal service uses has as CN: my-domain.com, and as SAN (Subject Alternative Names): 'my-domain.com', 'my-alternative-domain.com'
So, I'm trying to access the service through one of the alternative names (this has to be like this and it's not under my control)
I think the error is correct, and that the certificate should have also as SAN:
'*.my-alternative-domain.com'
in order for the request to work.
The only thing that puzzles me is that I can access the service through the browser.
Can somebody confirm the behavior of Python Requests is correct?
This is how I call the service:
response = requests.get('https://myservice.my-alternative-domain.com', params=params, headers=headers, verify=ca_bundle)
Thanks
pass verify as false might work
x=requests.get(-----,verify=false)
I have already written a script that will take an .xlsm file and will update this file based on some other file and then will plot a graph according to the updated data. The Script is working fine. But now as this script is contributing to automation of a process,it needs to get the Excel(.xlsm) file from a url and then update the file and may be save it back to the same url.
I have tried downloading the file into a local copy using below code-
import requests
url = 'https://sharepoint.amr.ith.intel.com/sites/SKX/patchboard/Shared%20Documents/Forms/AllItems.aspx?RootFolder=%2Fsites%2FSKX%2Fpatchboard%2FShared%20Documents%2FReleaseInfo&FolderCTID=0x0120004C1C8CCA66D8D94FB4D7A0D2F56A8DB7&View={859827EF-6A11-4AD6-BD42-23F385D43AD6}/Copy of Patch_Release_Utilization'
r = requests.get(url)
open('Excel.xlsm', 'wb').write(r.content)
By doing this I am getting the error-
Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)'),)
What I understood till now is that the Server is not sending the complete Chain Certificates to the browser for authentication.
I also tried-
r=requests.get(url,verify=False)
By doing this error is gone but The file created is empty.When I checked status code for the connection using code-
r=requests.get(url,verify=False).status_code
I got the code as "401" which means authorization error.I have tried providing authentication as-
resp = requests.get(url,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('username', 'password'),verify=False)
and
resp = requests.get(url,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('username', 'password'))
both the above lines I have tried but still status code remained same.
Then I came along an article-Python requests SSL error - certificate verify failed
,where the author is asking to add missing certificates in a .pem file then use that pem file.How to know what are the missing certificates??So din't get any help from there also.
Can somebody please help me with this if somebody already catered this problem.It will be a great help.I am using Python3.6.3 and requests version is 2.18.4
NOTE- When i am using the link manually on Internet Explorer I am able to download the file
I have a code as below :
headers = {'content-type': 'ContentType.APPLICATION_XML'}
uri = "www.client.url.com/hit-here/"
clientCert = "path/to/cert/abc.crt"
clientKey = "path/to/key/abc.key"
PROTOCOL = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1
context = ssl.SSLContext(PROTOCOL)
context.load_default_certs()
context.load_cert_chain(clientCert, clientKey)
conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(uri, some_port, context=context)
I am not really a network programmer, so i did some googling for handshake connection and found ssl.SSLContext(PROTOCOL) as the needed function, code works fine.
Then i hit the roadblock, my local has version 2.7.10 but all the production boxes have 2.7.3 with them, so SSLContext is not supported and upgrading python version is not an option / in control.
I tried reading ssl — SSL wrapper for socket objects but couldn't make sense out of it.
what i tried (in vain) :
s_ = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s = ssl.wrap_socket(s_, keyfile=clientKey, certfile=clientCert, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
new_conn = s.connect((uri, some_port))
but returns :
SSLError(1, u'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)')
Question - how to generate SSL Context on older version so as to have a secure https connection?
You have to specify the ca_certs file (which should point to trust store)
I've got the perfect solution using the requests library. The requests library has got to be my favorite library I've ever used, cause it takes something in Python that is inherently difficult to do -- SSL and REST requests -- and makes it unbelievably simple. I checked out their version support and Python 2.6+ is supported.
Here is an example of how to use their library.
>>> requests.get(uri)
And that is all you have to do. The requests library takes care of establishing a ssl connection.
Taking this one step farther. If you need to persist cookies between requests, you can do so like this.
>>> sess = requests.Session()
>>> credentials = {"username": "user",
"password": "pass"}
>>> sess.post("https://some-website/login", params=credentials)
<Response [200]>
>>> sess.get("https://some-website/a-backend-page").text
<html> the backend page... </html>
Edit: If you need to, you can also pass in the path to the certificate and the key like so requests.get(uri, cert=('path/to/cert/abc.crt', 'path/to/key/abc.key'))
Now hopefully you can convince them to install the requests library on the production boxes, cause it would be well worth it. Let me know if this works out for you.
Alert - Amateur Coder here :)
I want to have a read only access for a particular Reporting API.
This particular API documentation mentions that:
1) All API requests must be made over HTTPS. Calls over plain HTTP will fail.
2) Authentication is accomplished via Oauth 1.0a (two-legged)
I am using Python 3+ to call the API. And for the SSL certificate I am using certifi.
Here is the code I am using for the authentication via oauth
import oauth2 as oauth
import time,certifi
consumer = oauth.Consumer(key="***KeyHere***", secret="***SecretHere***")
client = oauth.Client(consumer)
client.ca_certs = certifi.where()
request_token_url = "https://reportapi.xxx.xxx.com"
resp, content = client.request(request_token_url, "GET")
token = oauth.Token(request_token['oauth_token'], request_token['oauth_token_secret'])
But it gives me the below error all the time:
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:646)
Would be great if someone could give me guidance on this.
How can i do an oauth authentication for this API, with https calls.
Warm Regards
The error is an SSL verification failure.
certifi has removed 1024-bit CA certs. OpenSSL < 1.0.2 sometimes fail to validate certs which have 2048-bit keys.
Try replacing client.ca_certs = certifi.where() with client.ca_certs = certifi.old_where() to include old 1024-bit key certs.
check https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi
In case the problem persists, you have to manually verify server cert using ssl module.
This is how I verify mail.google.com cert.
import ssl
import certifi
ssl.get_server_certificate(('mail.google.com',443),ca_certs=certifi.old_where())
certifi.where() didn't work here for mail.google.com that's why I've used certifi.old_where(). Do this with the server you want to verify. There'll be an SSLError exception in case of failure.
I've been struggling with my company proxy to make an https request.
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxy_string = 'http://user:password#url_proxt:port_proxy'
s = requests.Session()
s.proxies = {"http": proxy_string , "https": proxy_string}
s.auth = HTTPProxyAuth(user,password)
r = s.get('http://www.google.com') # OK
print(r.text)
r = s.get('https://www.google.com',proxies={"http": proxy_string , "https": proxy_string}) #OK
print(r.text)
r = s.get('https://www.google.com') # KO
print(r.text)
When KO, I have the following exception :
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', OSError('Tunnel connection failed: 407 Proxy Authentication Required',)))
I looked online but didn't find someone having this specific issue with HTTPS.
Thank you for your time
Thanks to the amazing help of Lukasa, I solved my issue.
Please see discussion on fix here
or set :
session.trust_env=False
I personally solved the above problem on my system by updating the environment variables http_proxy,https_proxy,socks_proxy,ftp_proxy.
First enter the command on your terminal : printenv
This should show you the environment variables on your system.
In my case intially:
http_proxy=http://proxyserver:port/
I changed it to : http_proxy=http://username:password#proxy:port/
using the command
export http_proxy="http://username:password#proxy:port/"
Similarly for https_proxy,socks_proxy,ftp_proxy
Other way i have resolved is - speak with your corporate IT administrator and find a direct proxy port which connects to external domain (with / without password)
pip install --proxy=http://proxyhost:proxy_port pixiedust
Found from other colleagues using the proxy (proxy_port direct connection) in their eclipse settings (network)
To anyone else that tried the accepted answer's "session.trust_env=False" with no success, there may be a deeper issue that produces a similar error (which is probably not the issue the OP had): There may be a corporate proxy configuration that requires specific headers to be sent upon CONNECT, and python requests doesn't send them ('User-Agent' and 'Host', for example).
I do not have a solution for that at the moment. See https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/5028 for a discussion on the subject.