I made a (one file) scrip in python for my client, the program is a success and now it needs to be distributed to 12 of my client employees.
The script I made uses a lot of libraries (imports), some of then are not popular at all so here goes the question:
Is there a way to distribute my program already compiled in bytecode? So the users can run it by just simply doing "python myProgram.pyc" or just "myProgram.pyc" (if it has +x property), I know this is entirely possible in Java by compiling the libraries inside a JAR file, is there anything similar for python?
Please don't recommend me py2exe since is far away for what I want, either other similar tools, I just want to distribute a package with all the necessary libraries already pre-compiled in bytecode so the final users don't need to worry about installing libs, pip, github, custom stuff, or anything. Hope you can help me, if not I will have to port the whole project to Java.
If your client employees machine are Windows go for py2exe http://py2exe.org/
If Mac go for py2app https://pypi.python.org/pypi/py2app/
cx_Freeze http://cx-freeze.sourceforge.net/ is cross-platform and it should spit out executable that would run on any OS with Python installed.
PyInstaller http://www.pyinstaller.org/ is a good one too.
However, these methods do not compile and hence improve run-time performance improvements. Rather a way to distribute your script as a single executable with all the necessary modules.
You could use the compiled .pyc file with a wrapper around it for execution and package it as a single executable. However, performance improvements of doing so is debatable.
EDIT:
It's been long though, recently started with cython and it could be a plausible solution for this problem. If not all, defining the variable types should do that is asked in the question.
Related
I have a Python program that uses the following libraries: Tkinter, NumPy, SciPy, SymPy, and Matplotlib. And probably it will include more libraries in the near future while being developed.
How can I distribute such a program to Mac, Windows, and Linux users, without requiring users to install the right version of each library, and hopefully by just downloading a single file and executing it?
What I initially wanted was compiling the program into a static binary program, but it seems that it's not an easy goal.
Probably I can ask users to install Python, but that's the maximum requirement that I can ask for them, and I want to avoid it if possible.
I don't care about hiding the code at all; in the end I will distribute both the code and the program. What I want is to make the program very easy for any user to download and run it.
Even such an advice as 'a Python program is not suitable for such a distribution' is welcome. I had a fair amount of experience with distributing C programs but I don't know what to expect with a Python program.
For convenient, you could try something like pyinstaller.
It will package all of needed module into one folder or or one executable as you like. And it can run in all platforms.
The simple command to make a directory contains an executable file and all needed library is
$pyinstaller --onedir --name=directory_name --distpath="path_to_put_that_directory" "path to your main_program.py"
You can change --onedir into --onefile to make that folder into an one executable file which has all the thing it need to run inside.
You can use Setuptools to do the packaging stuff .
It create eggs, which are the equivalent of jars.
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools#using-setuptools-and-easyinstall
https://pythonhosted.org/setuptools/setuptools.html
You can have a look at Py2exe , even though you risk the application becoming bigger than it already is, and some packages need to be installed manually .
Does anyone use a scripting language only solution to produce a binary (.exe) to produce a commercial desktop application for windows or mac? e.g. Java, python etc. If so how do you distribute your app and does using a scripting language cause any problems with the installation?
I'm asking about users that can download an application and install it, they don't know about setting path variables, or changing there JAVA_HOME. The assumption for the PC are users with a consumer PC with windows (XP/Vista/7), not power users. (Or alternatively a mac type solution would be interesting to hear about to)
I have done this in a couple ways. One was to use Python and py2exe, and the other was to use Idle, a Lua-based "compilable" language, using InnoSetup to create installers.
I have had no problems with either, though I haven't used Idle for anything of any significant complexity --- its main advantage is the small size of the executable produced. With py2exe, you have to be careful to get all the dependencies included in the package, and I recommend testing it thoroughly on a clean installation of Windows before releasing. For example, when I used PyGTK with py2exe, I had to be very careful to get the theming files included in the package. It was not evident at first that I had missed them, since PyGTK found them in the installed version on the development machine.
I also had to be careful about installation paths, permissions, and startup directories, as well as licensing of the libraries I used, but that's nothing you wouldn't have to be concerned with in a more traditional compiled language. Other than the relatively large size of the installer, I've been very happy with py2exe and InnoSetup, and I'd recommend it.
Does anyone use anything else for shrink wrap apps on windows? e.g. Java, python etc.
Yes. I assume you're not really asking about Java, since that is so wide-spread. I can count quite a few Java applications that I use, and I don't operate in the "Enterprise" environment.
There are tools that allow you to ship Python code without shipping actual .py files and without needing the to actually have Python installed, so there are solutions for that as well. Since such tools exist I assume people do ship Python applications.
If so how do you distribute your app and does using a scripting language cause any problems with the installation?
What scripting language?
My company is working on an application that is half Qt/C++ for the editor interface and half Django (via QtWebKit browser control) for the runtime. What we want to do is distribute a minimal python installation with our application.
For instance, our Mac app bundle would ideally be structured something like this:
TheApp.app/
Contents/
MacOS/
TheApp
Resources/
MinimalPythonInstallation/
On Windows:
C:\Program Files\TheApp\
TheApp.exe
MinimalPythonInstallation\
I've seen plenty of projects out there for distributing full Python applications such as py2app, py2exe, and PyInstaller. Those seem to have some of the features I'm looking for, but without the ability to just make a minimal python distribution. i.e. the python executable, Django, and the bare minimum of the python standard library needed by Django, our python code, etc.
Is there anything out there that can do what I'm looking for?
You can find the set of modules you need with modulefinder -- indeed, I believe that's a key part of what the systems you mention, like py2exe and PyInstaller, do for you, so I'm not clear why you want to "reinvent the wheel" -- care to clarify? Have you looked at exactly what e.g. PyInstaller puts in the executables it generates, and, if so, why isn't that good enough for you? If you explain this in detail, maybe there's some extra way we can help.
(PyInstaller is cross-platform, so, if you want to support Mac as well as Windows, it's probably the one you'll want, since py2exe is Windows-only).
I want to distribute a Python application to windows users who don't have Python or the correct Python version.
I have tried py2exe conversion but my Python program is really complex and involve code import on the fly by xmlrpc process so it is not suitable for py2exe.
The complete Python folder takes around 80MB but this includes docs and a lot of non-essential things.
Do you know if there exists a small package of a minimal Python interpreter I can include with my program ? Include a folder of 80MB is a bit big ;)
PyInstaller is a py2exe "competitor" that has many extras (such as being cross-platform, supporting popular third party packages "out of the box", and explicitly supporting advanced importing options) -- it might meet your needs. Just be sure to install the SVN trunk -- the existing (1.3) release is way, WAY obsolete (PyInstaller is under active development again since quite a while, but I can't convince the current maintainers to stop and do a RELEASE already -- they're kind of perfectionists and keep piling more and more great goodies, optimizations, enhancements, etc, into the SVN trunk instead;-).
Have a look at Portable Python. This will install a Python programming environment in a local folder. I am sure that you could strip many unwanted things off.
I recommend however that you give py2exe another chance.
..involve code import on the fly by xmlrpc process so it is not suitable for py2exe
Py2exe can deal with situations like this. You just have to tell it which modules are being imported at runtime, so that it includes them in the distribution. Your code should then be able to import from these modules dynamically.
püy2exe is bad and incompabilite to Windows 10 now.
I suggest you use BoxedApp Packer until 22 mb small without runtimes....
enter link description here
It is almost better than py2exe because py2exe need many py files and opened data files...
I have started on a personal python application that runs on the desktop. I am using wxPython as a GUI toolkit. Should there be a demand for this type of application, I would possibly like to commercialize it.
I have no knowledge of deploying "real-life" Python applications, though I have used py2exe in the past with varied success. How would I obfuscate the code? Can I somehow deploy only the bytecode?
An ideal solution would not jeopardize my intellectual property (source code), would not require a direct installation of Python (though I'm sure it will need to have some embedded interpreter), and would be cross-platform (Windows, Mac, and Linux). Does anyone know of any tools or resources in this area?
Thanks.
You can distribute the compiled Python bytecode (.pyc files) instead of the source. You can't prevent decompilation in Python (or any other language, really). You could use an obfuscator like pyobfuscate to make it more annoying for competitors to decipher your decompiled source.
As Alex Martelli says in this thread, if you want to keep your code a secret, you shouldn't run it on other people's machines.
IIRC, the last time I used cx_Freeze it created a DLL for Windows that removed the necessity for a native Python installation. This is at least worth checking out.
Wow, there are a lot of questions in there:
It is possible to run the bytecode (.pyc) file directly from the Python interpreter, but I haven't seen any bytecode obfuscation tools available.
I'm not aware of any "all in one" deployment solution, but:
For Windows you could use NSIS(http://nsis.sourceforge.net/Main_Page). The problem here is that while OSX/*nix comes with python, Windows doesn't. If you're not willing to build a binary with py2exe, I'm not sure what the licensing issues would be surrounding distribution of the Python runtime environment (not to mention the technical ones).
You could package up the OS X distribution using the "bundle" format, and *NIX has it's own conventions for installing software-- typically a "make install" script.
Hope that was helpful.
Maybe IronPython can provide something for you? I bet those .exe/.dll-files can be pretty locked down. Not sure how such features work on mono, thus no idea how this works on Linux/OS X...
I have been using py2exe with good success on Windows. The code needs to be modified a bit so that the code analysis picks up all modules needed, but apart from that, it works.
As for Linux, there are several important distribution formats:
DEB (Debian, Ubuntu and other derivatives)
RPM (RedHat, Fedora, openSuSE)
DEBs aren't particularly difficult to make, especially when you're already using distutils/setuptools. Some hints are given in the policy document, examples for packaging Python applications can be found in the repository.
I don't have any experience with RPM, but I'm sure there are enough examples to be found.
Try to use scraZ obfuscator (http://scraZ.me).
This is obfuscator for bytecode, not for source code.
Free version have good, but not perfect obfuscation methods.
PRO version have very very strong protection for bytecode.
(after bytecode obfuscation a decompilation is impossible)