Passing Variables/lists through Functions - python

Im having trouble with sorting Variables/lists and then being able to transfer them across functions. Im still quite new to python and am probably missing something very basic. but ive been going over this for hours.
I need to create a program which generates 20 random integers and indicates whether each number is odd or even. I need to sort the two original integers into ascending order and transfer them to random.randint function but am having trouble, any help would be appreciated.
This is what i have so far.
import random
def userinput():
global number1
global number2
number1 = int(input("Enter First Integer: "))
number2 = int(input("Enter Second Integer: "))
userinput()
def numbersorting():
global both
both = [(number1),(number2)]
sorted(both)
numbersorting()
def random_gen():
global num
i = 0
for i in range(20):
num = random.randint(number1,number2)
def get_num():
return values.pop
def odd_even():
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Random Number", num, "is even")
else:
print("Random Number", num, "is odd")
odd_even()
random_gen()

Well it doesn't seems so clear on the question what actually you want to do but the use of global is a really bad practice in general.
However you can use the methods that returns the values you need for instace:
If you need a user input that returns 2 numbers it is better to use this approach:
def get_numeric_input(label):
try:
return int(input(label))
except NameError:
print "Please enter a number"
return get_numeric_input(label)
With this function you can get a numeric value from a user.
Using it you can the 2 next values like
def get_user_input():
n = get_numeric_input("Enter First Integer: ")
m = get_numeric_input("Enter First Integer: ")
return [n, m]
Now you have a function that returns the 2 values from the user and using the sort method for list you have those values sorted
def get_sorted_values(l):
return l.sort()
Check this information about sorting in python https://wiki.python.org/moin/HowTo/Sorting
Using the random numbers as you have described is ok, but also try to use the is_odd and is_even function outside of any other function and you will be able to reuse them more times.

Are you looking for something like this?
I edited your code to work with what I understand your problem to be...
You want the user to input 2 numbers to set the upper and lower bound of each random number. Then you want to generate 20 random numbers within that range and find out whether each number of even or odd?
import random
def random_gen(number1, number2):
for i in range(20):
num = random.randint(number1,number2)
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Random Number", num, "is even")
else:
print("Random Number", num, "is odd")
number1 = int(input("Enter First Integer: "))
number2 = int(input("Enter Second Integer: "))
random_gen(number1, number2)
You have a few problems with your current code:
Indentation (fixed in the edit)
Unnecessary use of global variables. If you need that type of functionality you should consider passing the variables into each function as you need it instead
A number of functions are unnecessary too. For example, you dont need the get_num() and odd_even() functions as you can just perform those actions within the loop that you have. Even in the case I just posted you dont even really need the random_gen() function - you can just move all of that code to after user input. I just left it there to show what I mean with point #2 above

from random import randint
def user_input():
number1 = int(input("Enter First Integer: "))
number2 = int(input("Enter Second Integer: "))
if number1 > number2:
number1, number2 = number2, number1
return number1, number2
def odd_even(num):
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Random Number " + str(num) + " is even")
else:
print("Random Number " + str(num) + " is odd")
def random_gen():
number1, number2 = user_input()
for i in range(20):
num = randint(number1, number2)
odd_even(num)
random_gen()
You generally want to try to avoid using global variables when possible. It's just good programming practice, as they can get rather messy and cause problems if you don't keep careful track of them. As far as sorting your two integers, I think that that one if statement is a much more pythonic way of doing things. Well, I think it's easier at least. Also, in Python, you don't need to declare your for loop variables, so the line i=0 is unnecessary. Also, I'm sure this is an assignment, but in real life you're going to want to run an exception clause, in which you would say something like
while True:
try:
number1 = int(input("Enter First Integer: "))
number2 = int(input("Enter Second Integer: "))
break
except ValueError:
print("Oops! Try entering an integer!")
Hope that helps!

Avoid globals by passing the variables to functions and returning the new values from functions.
import random
def userinput():
number1 = int(input("Enter First Integer: "))
number2 = int(input("Enter Second Integer: "))
return number1, number2
def numbersorting(nums):
return sorted(nums)
def random_gen(hi, lo):
return random.sample(range(hi, lo), 20)
def odd_even(num):
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Random Number %d is even" % num)
else:
print("Random Number %d is odd" % num)
nums = userinput()
sortnum = numbersorting(nums)
randoms = random_gen(*sortnum)
[odd_even(n) for n in randoms]
In keeping with your original function names.
You should be aware of the difference between list.sort and sorted. If you have a list li then li.sort() sorts in place, that is it alters the original list and returns None. So return li.sort() is always wrong. on the other hand return sorted(li) is ok, but just sorted(li) is a wasted sort since the result is thrown away.

Try both.sort()
sorted returns a new list.
sort() is done in place.

Related

Keep asking for numbers and find the average when user enters -1

number = 0
number_list = []
while number != -1:
number = int(input('Enter a number'))
number_list.append(number)
else:
print(sum(number_list)/ len(number_list))
EDIT: Have found a simpler way to get the average of the list but if for example I enter '2' '3' '4' my program calculates the average to be 2 not 3. Unsure of where it's going wrong! Sorry for the confusion
Trying out your code, I did a bit of simplification and also utilized an if statement to break out of the while loop in order to give a timely average. Following is the snippet of code for your evaluation.
number_list = []
def average(mylist):
return sum(mylist)/len(mylist)
while True:
number = int(input('Enter a number: '))
if number == -1:
break
number_list.append(number)
print(average(number_list));
Some points to note.
Instead of associating the else statement with the while loop, I revised the while loop utilizing the Boolean constant "True" and then tested for the value of "-1" in order to break out of the loop.
In the average function, I renamed the list variable to "mylist" so as to not confuse anyone who might analyze the code as list is a word that has significance in Python.
Finally, the return of the average was added to the end of the function. If a return statement is not included in a function, a value of "None" will be returned by a function, which is most likely why you received the error.
Following was a test run from the terminal.
#Dev:~/Python_Programs/Average$ python3 Average.py
Enter a number: 10
Enter a number: 22
Enter a number: 40
Enter a number: -1
24.0
Give that a try and see if it meets the spirit of your project.
converts the resulting list to Type: None
No, it doesn't. You get a ValueError with int() when it cannot parse what is passed.
You can try-except that. And you can just use while True.
Also, your average function doesn't output anything, but if it did, you need to call it with a parameter, not only print the function object...
ex.
from statistics import fmean
def average(data):
return fmean(data)
number_list = []
while True:
x = input('Enter a number')
try:
val = int(x)
if val == -1:
break
number_list.append(val)
except:
break
print(average(number_list))
edit
my program calculates the average to be 2 not 3
Your calculation includes the -1 appended to the list , so you are running 8 / 4 == 2
You don't need to save all the numbers themselves, just save the sum and count.
You should check if the input is a number before trying to convert it to int
total_sum = 0
count = 0
while True:
number = input("Enter a number: ")
if number == '-1':
break
elif not number.isnumeric() and not (number[0] == "-" and number[1:].isnumeric()):
print("Please enter numbers only")
continue
total_sum += int(number)
count += 1
print(total_sum / count)

Input isn't recognized as belonging to a list

I made this simple code that let's the user see if their input is in the fibonacci sequence or not. However the code always returns "This number is not fibonacci" even if I input a number that is in fact fibonacci. I tried printing the list and it does include the first 100 fibonacci numbers as it should. What's the problem folks?
number = 1
x = 0
while x < 100:
number = number + fibonacci[-2]
fibonacci.append(number)
x=x+1
guess = input("Number that you think is fibonacci: ")
if guess in fibonacci:
print("This number is fibonacci")
else:
print("This number is not fibonacci")
Since you store integers in the fibonacci list, you will also need to take integers as input. input() takes in a string as default, so you have to convert it.
guess = int(input("Number that you think is fibonacci: "))
The problem with your code is that you are checking if a string is in a list of integers, to fix this problem cast the input to an int using the int() function.
number = 1
x = 0
while x < 100:
number = number + fibonacci[-2]
fibonacci.append(number)
x=x+1
guess = int(input("Number that you think is fibonacci: "))
if guess in fibonacci:
print("This number is fibonacci")
else:
print("This number is not fibonacci")

Generating a prime number bigger than a number found in a list

What isn't working below: I can't make the genPrim function work, as I get the "TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable".
A few observations:
1. What my program should do is first input a number into a list and then apply the other functions on that number.
2. The problem is that I can't seem to use that number from the list to do so. How can I do it? I was first thinking about asking for its position, but when going for the genPrim, both genPrim and Prim work because they are interdependent but they ask for the same thing.
def Adauga(L):
n = int(input("Give number:"))
L = L + [n]
return L
#Verify if number is prime
def Prim(L):
poz = int(input("Position of number: "))
n = L[poz]
if n<2 :
return False
NrDiv=0
for a in range (2,int(n/2+1)):
if n%a==0:
NrDiv=NrDiv+1
if (NrDiv==0):
return True
else:
return False
#Generate prime number
def genPrim(L):
poz = int(input("Give number: "))
a = L[poz]
b=a+1
while Prim(b)==False:
b=b+1
return b
#Display menu
def AfisMeniu():
print()
print("1.Add number")
print("2.Check if number is prime")
print("3.Generate prime number")
print("0.End of program")
i = int(input("Your option: "))
return i
def Main():
"""
Start the program
"""
L = []
Opt = AfisMeniu()
while (Opt != 0):
if Opt == 1:
L=Adauga(L)
elif Opt ==2:
L=Prim(L)
print (L)
elif Opt ==3:
L=genPrim(L)
print (L)
else:
print ("Wrong!")
Opt = AfisMeniu()
print()
print("End of program")
Main()
You are getting that error because genPrim returns an int, but Main() assigns that result to L, so L no longer contains a list of numbers, just that single int.
Similarly, Prim() returns a boolean (True or False) but Main() assigns that to L, too.
FWIW, the basic logic of your Prim() function is correct, but it's a very inefficient way to test if a number is prime. At the very least you should change it to return False as soon as it has found one divisor, i.e. when n%a==0.
I've managed to make the third option work, as in generating a prime number. However, what I would also like is to make the second option work as well, the prime verification.
My idea is modifying the code in the Main() function, by taking the len of the position, however I can't really make it work.
elif Opt ==2:
L=Prim(L)
poz1=int(len(L))
print (L[poz1])
Or perhaps, should I attempt a different method?

Regarding passing variables to an argument

I am working in python 2.7.8.
I'm currently learning about parameters and methods. What I'm trying to accomplish is have a user enter two different variables then pass them to an argument within different methods, sum() and difference().
My following code is something like this:
def computeSum(x, t):
x = int(raw_input('Please enter an integer: '))
t = int(raw_input('Please enter a second integer: '))
x+t
return Sum
def computeDif(y, j):
y = int(raw_input('Please enter an integer: '))
j = int(raw_input('Please enter a second integer: '))
y+j
return Dif
def main():
raw_input('Would you like to find the sum of two numbers or the difference of two numbers?: ')
answer = 'sum'
while True:
computeSum()
else:
computeDif()
For some reason my compiler (pyScriptor) isn't running and I cannot see any output nor error messages, its just blank. Can anyone possibly help me with any syntax/logic errors?
There are a few problems with your code
Your indentation is way off
computeSum and computeDif expect the two numbers as parameters, but then also ask for them from the terminal
You return the variables Sum and Dif, but never assign values to them
You call either computeSum or computeDif, but never do anything with the returned value
You never call main. Do you know that you don't need a main function? You can just put the code in line after the function definitions
This is probably a little closer to what you had in mind
def computeSum(x, t):
return x + t
def computeDif(y, j):
return y - j
def main():
while True:
answer = raw_input('Would you like to find the "sum" of two numbers or the "dif"ference of two numbers? ')
a = int(raw_input('Please enter an integer: '))
b = int(raw_input('Please enter a second integer: '))
if answer == 'sum':
print(computeSum(a, b))
elif answer == 'dif':
print(computeDif(a, b))
else:
print('Please enter "sum" or "dif"')
main()
The problem is that you don't need a main() function. Just put the code, unindented, by itself, and it will run when you run the program.

A number from Multiple Numbers [closed]

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I have an assignment. It was suppose to do the following:
--> Take an integer input(say 100)
--> Add the digits till the sum is a single digit number(1)
My program till now is:
goodvalue1=False
goodvalue2=False
while (goodvalue1==False):
try:
num=input("Please enter a number: ")
except ValueError:
print ("Wrong input. Try again.")
else:
goodvalue1=True
if (goodvalue1==True):
ListOfDigits=list(map(int,str(num)))
sum=10
while(sum>9):
Sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
if (Sum>9):
ListOfDigits=list(map(int,str(Sum)))
Sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
Those booleans are not needed. You can factor the code down to:
while True:
try:
num = int(input("Please enter a number: ")) # Note how I've added int()
break # Breaks out of the loop. No need for a boolean.
except ValueError:
print("Wrong input. Try again.")
I don't see why you called list(map(int, str(num))); but I think you were intending to put int() around your input. So I added one in above. Now it can catch an error :).
Now, to get one digit, you can use another while loop here:
while num > 9:
num = sum(map(int, str(num)))
Pretty much this creates [1, 0, 0] which sum() then calls on. This repeats until it is no longer a two digit number (or three, four, etc)
So altogether:
while True:
try:
num = int(input("Please enter a number: ")) # Note how I've added int()
break # Breaks out of the loop. No need for a boolean.
except ValueError:
print("Wrong input. Try again.")
while num > 9: # While it is a two digit number
num = sum(map(int, str(num)))
Just note that for conditional statements, it's never pythonic to do a == True or b == False.
From the PEP:
Don't compare boolean values to True or False using ==.
Yes: if greeting:
No: if greeting == True:
Worse: if greeting is True:
My take on this:
inp = None
while inp is None:
try:
inp = int(input('Enter number here: '))
except ValueError:
print('Invalid Input, try again')
summed = sum(map(int, str(inp)))
while summed > 9:
summed = sum(map(int, str(summed)))
print('The result is {}'.format(summed))
For an explanation #Haidro did a good job: https://stackoverflow.com/a/17787707/969534
You're very close. Here's what you need to change:
Sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
while(Sum>9):
Sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
if (Sum>9):
ListOfDigits=list(map(int,str(Sum)))
Sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
In this code, you have a while loop that executes when sum is bigger than 9. So why use another variable Sum (also, it makes for really difficult-to-read code)? Do this instead:
while(sum>9):
sum=sum(ListOfDigits)
ListOfDigits=list(map(int,str(sum)))
This is only to show you what went wrong with your code. I wouldn't recommend using it (look below for what I would do). First, you mix variable-naming conventions, which is a very bad idea, especially when you work in a team (even otherwise, can you imagine looking at your code a month or six months from now?).
Second, you don't ever use goodvalue2; what's it there for?
Third, if goodvalue1 is only ever going to be a bool, then why check if (goodvalue1==True)? if goodvalue1 is clearer and more pythonic.
Please, for the love of all that is good, use some spaces in your code. Eyes get very strained after looking at expressions like ListOfDigits=list(map(int,str(num))) for a while. Try ListOfDigits = list(map(int, str(num))) instead.
Personally, I would do this:
num = None
while num is None:
try:
num = int(raw_input("Enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
num = None
num = sum(int(i) for i in str(num))
while num > 9:
num = sum(int(i) for i in str(num)) # this uses a list comprehension. Look it up, they're very useful and powerful!
RECURSION !
Calculate the sum of the digits. Check if the sum has one digit or multiple digit. If one digit, that is your answer, else, call the function on the sum again.
def oneDigitSum(n):
if n < 10:
return n
else:
return oneDigitSum(sum([int(i) for i in str(n)]))
# [f(elem) for elem in li] = [f(a), f(b), .... ] where li = [a, b, ... ]
# sum returns the total of the numbers in list
while True: # continue this loop for eternity, until it gets break
try:
num=int(input("Please enter a number: "))
print(oneDigitSum(num))
break # printed the sum, now I can break the loop peace fully
except ValueError:
print ("Wrong input. Try again.")
continue # oops, looks like wrong input, lets continue the loop

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