I've got some tests that create contracts with pyethereum and do various things with them, but I'm puzzled over how to get information about events they log.
A simplified example:
from ethereum import tester as t
s = t.state()
code = """contract LogTest {
event LogMyNumber(uint);
function LogTest() {
}
function logSomething() {
LogMyNumber(4);
}
}"""
logtest = t.state().abi_contract(code, language='solidity', sender=t.k0)
logtest.logSomething()
#number_i_logged = WHAT DO I DO HERE?
#print "You logged the number %d" % (number_i_logged)
I run this and get:
No handlers could be found for logger "eth.pow"
{'': 4, '_event_type': 'LogMyNumber'}
That json that's getting printed is the information I want, but can someone explain, or point me to an example, of how I might capture it and load it into a variable in python so that I can check it and do something with it? There seems to be something called log_listener that you can pass into abi_contract that looks like it's related but I couldn't figure out what to do with it.
I know you've been waiting for an answer for quite a long time, but in case someone else is wondering, here is goes:
log_listeners you mentioned is the way to go. You can find some sample code using it in pyethereum's tests, and here is your fixed code:
from ethereum import tester as t
s = t.state()
code = """contract LogTest {
event LogMyNumber(uint loggedNumber);
function LogTest() {
}
function logSomething() {
LogMyNumber(4);
}
}"""
c = s.abi_contract(code, language='solidity', sender=t.k0)
o = []
s.block.log_listeners.append(lambda x: o.append(c._translator.listen(x)))
c.logSomething()
assert len(o) == 1
assert o == [{"_event_type": 'LogMyNumber', "loggedNumber": 4}]
number_i_logged = o[0]["loggedNumber"]
print "You logged the number %d" % (number_i_logged)
Related
I have created a report where I want to also include all the insights of a Google My Business account.
I have already been approved and have access to the GMB API with no problem. The only thing is now that I have full access, how do I successfully query it so I can get insight information? I have access to a team that works with PHP or Python so I wanted to see what I should give them so that they can start querying successfully. Can anyone help?
Download php client library from here
Here is the sample function to get location insights
Parameters required:
locationNames should be provided as input
startTime and endTime max difference should be 18 months
(2020-01-01T15:01:23Z,2021-01-01T15:01:23Z)
public function getLocationInsights($accountName,$parameters){
// Replace getClientService, with method having accesstoken
$service = $this->getClientService();
$insightReqObj = new Google_Service_MyBusiness_ReportLocationInsightsRequest();
$locationNames = $parameters['locationNames'];
// Atleast one location mandatory
if($locationNames && is_array($locationNames) && count($locationNames) <=10){
$insightReqObj->setLocationNames($locationNames);
}
$basicReqObj = new Google_Service_MyBusiness_BasicMetricsRequest();
// datetime range is mandatory
// TODO :: validate to not allow more than 18 months difference
$timeRangObj = new Google_Service_MyBusiness_TimeRange();
$timeRangObj->setStartTime($parameters['startTime']);
$timeRangObj->setEndTime($parameters['endTime']);
$metricReqObj = new Google_Service_MyBusiness_MetricRequest();
$metricReqObj->setMetric('ALL');
$basicReqObj->setMetricRequests(array($metricReqObj));
$basicReqObj->setTimeRange($timeRangObj);
$insightReqObj->setBasicRequest($basicReqObj);
$allInsights = $service->accounts_locations->reportInsights($accountName,$insightReqObj);
return $allInsights;
}
I work with java to do the same stuff.
Mine is something like this:
ReportLocationInsightsRequest content = new ReportLocationInsightsRequest();
content.setFactory(JSON_FACTORY);
BasicMetricsRequest basicRequest = new BasicMetricsRequest();
content.setLocationNames("your locationName as a list");
List<MetricRequest> metricRequests= new ArrayList<MetricRequest>();
MetricRequest metricR=new MetricRequest();
String metric="ALL";
metricR.setMetric(metric);
metricRequests.add(metricR);
TimeRange timeRange =new TimeRange();
timeRange.setStartTime("Desired startTime");
timeRange.setEndTime("Desired endTime");
basicRequest.setTimeRange(timeRange );
content.setBasicRequest(basicRequest );
try {
MyBusiness.Accounts.Locations.ReportInsights locationReportInsight=
mybusiness.accounts().locations().reportInsights(accountName, content);
ReportLocationInsightsResponse response= locationReportInsight.execute();
System.out.println("response is = "+ response.toPrettyString());
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
I have a task wherein I have to make 700 REST API calls. I have used a loop, but the run time of the loop is more than the timeout of AWS Lambda service. Is there any way I can make the calls concurrently and merge the results. I am using node JS, but a solution in python is also welcome
Here is a sample of the code I am running now:
HitBTCData = {}
for item in exchanges:
itemlist = item.split('-')
response = requests.get('https://min-
api.cryptocompare.com/data/histominute?
fsym='+itemlist[0]+'&tsym='+itemlist[1]+'&limit=2000&aggregate=1
&e=HitBTC').json()
if itemlist[0]+itemlist[1] not in HitBTCData:
HitBTCData[itemlist[0]+itemlist[1]] = []
HitBTCData[itemlist[0]+itemlist[1]].append(response['Data'])
while response['Type'] != 1:
time = response['TimeFrom']
response = requests.get('https://min-
api.cryptocompare.com/data/histominute?
fsym='+itemlist[0]+'&tsym='+itemlist[1]+
'&limit=2000&aggregate=1&toTs='+str(time)+'&e=HitBTC').json()
if response['Type'] != 1:
HitBTCData[itemlist[0]+itemlist[1]]
.append(response['Data'])
HitBTCData[itemlist[0]+itemlist[1]] =
HitBTCData[itemlist[0]+itemlist[1]][::-1]
Use a loop in Node.js and the calls will run concurrently, but to make sure all of your calls are processed before exiting the lambda, you need to have some form of counter to make sure all of the queries have ended.
example:
var request = require('request');
var results = [];
var runningQueries = 0;
exchanges.forEach(function (item) {
++runningQueries;
callAPI (item, function (err, data) {
if (err) {
results.push(err)
--runningQueries;
} else {
results.push(data)
--runningQueries;
}
if (runningQueries == 0) {
// all call results have been collated, so do something
}
})
})
You'll need to build your own callAPI function. Also, I'm being a bit lazy with what I'm pushing to the array here, but it's just to give you a framework.
You could very easily do this with Promise.all():
const urls = [...];
const requestFunction = async (url) => {
// all your ifs go here
let data = await request(url);
// transform/sanitize your data
return data;
}
const allResults = await Promise.all(urls.map(requestFunction));
// you now have an array of results
The only downside to Promise.all() is that if any of the promises rejects, everything fails. So I would suggest catching errors and resolving with null or something similar.
You could do a for loop to generate your array of URLs, new Array(700).map(...), or since it looks like you already have some kind of array, just .map() that directly and do more transforms inside the request function.
I have a C header file which contains a series of classes, and I'm trying to write a function which will take those classes, and convert them to a python dict. A sample of the file is down the bottom.
Format would be something like
class CFGFunctions {
class ABC {
class AA {
file = "abc/aa/functions"
class myFuncName{ recompile = 1; };
};
class BB
{
file = "abc/bb/functions"
class funcName{
recompile=1;
}
}
};
};
I'm hoping to turn it into something like
{CFGFunctions:{ABC:{AA:"myFuncName"}, BB:...}}
# Or
{CFGFunctions:{ABC:{AA:{myFuncName:"string or list or something"}, BB:...}}}
In the end, I'm aiming to get the filepath string (which is actually a path to a folder... but anyway), and the class names in the same class as the file/folder path.
I've had a look on SO, and google and so on, but most things I've found have been about splitting lines into dicts, rather then n-deep 'blocks'
I know I'll have to loop through the file, however, I'm not sure the most efficient way to convert it to the dict.
I'm thinking I'd need to grab the outside class and its relevant brackets, then do the same for the text remaining inside.
If none of that makes sense, it's cause I haven't quite made sense of the process myself haha
If any more info is needed, I'm happy to provide.
The following code is a quick mockup of what I'm sorta thinking...
It is most likely BROKEN and probably does NOT WORK. but its sort of the process that I'm thinking of
def get_data():
fh = open('CFGFunctions.h', 'r')
data = {} # will contain final data model
# would probably refactor some of this into a function to allow better looping
start = "" # starting class name
brackets = 0 # number of brackets
text= "" # temp storage for lines inside block while looping
for line in fh:
# find the class (start
mt = re.match(r'Class ([\w_]+) {', line)
if mt:
if start == "":
start = mt.group(1)
else:
# once we have the first class, find all other open brackets
mt = re.match(r'{', line)
if mt:
# and inc our counter
brackets += 1
mt2 = re.match(r'}', line)
if mt2:
# find the close, and decrement
brackets -= 1
# if we are back to the initial block, break out of the loop
if brackets == 0:
break
text += line
data[start] = {'tempText': text}
====
Sample file
class CfgFunctions {
class ABC {
class Control {
file = "abc\abc_sys_1\Modules\functions";
class assignTracker {
description = "";
recompile = 1;
};
class modulePlaceMarker {
description = "";
recompile = 1;
};
};
class Devices
{
file = "abc\abc_sys_1\devices\functions";
class registerDevice { recompile = 1; };
class getDeviceSettings { recompile = 1; };
class openDevice { recompile = 1; };
};
};
};
EDIT:
If possible, if I have to use a package, I'd like to have it in the programs directory, not the general python libs directory.
As you detected, parsing is necessary to do the conversion. Have a look at the package PyParsing, which is a fairly easy-to-use library to implement parsing in your Python program.
Edit: This is a very symbolic version of what it would take to recognize a very minimalistic grammer - somewhat like the example at the top of the question. It won't work, but it might put you in the right direction:
from pyparsing import ZeroOrMore, OneOrMore, \
Keyword, Literal
test_code = """
class CFGFunctions {
class ABC {
class AA {
file = "abc/aa/functions"
class myFuncName{ recompile = 1; };
};
class BB
{
file = "abc/bb/functions"
class funcName{
recompile=1;
}
}
};
};
"""
class_tkn = Keyword('class')
lbrace_tkn = Literal('{')
rbrace_tkn = Literal('}')
semicolon_tkn = Keyword(';')
assign_tkn = Keyword(';')
class_block = ( class_tkn + identifier + lbrace_tkn + \
OneOrMore(class_block | ZeroOrMore(assignment)) + \
rbrace_tkn + semicolon_tkn \
)
def test_parser(test):
try:
results = class_block.parseString(test)
print test, ' -> ', results
except ParseException, s:
print "Syntax error:", s
def main():
test_parser(test_code)
return 0
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Also, this code is only the parser - it does not generate any output. As you can see in the PyParsing docs, you can later add the actions you want. But the first step would be to recognize the what you want to translate.
And a last note: Do not underestimate the complexities of parsing code... Even with a library like PyParsing, which takes care of much of the work, there are many ways to get mired in infinite loops and other amenities of parsing. Implement things step-by-step!
EDIT: A few sources for information on PyParsing are:
http://werc.engr.uaf.edu/~ken/doc/python-pyparsing/HowToUsePyparsing.html
http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/
(Particularly interesting is http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/Publications, with a long list of articles - several of them introductory - on PyParsing)
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyparsing_helper is a GUI for debugging parsers
There is also a 'tag' Pyparsing here on stackoverflow, Where Paul McGuire (the PyParsing author) seems to be a frequent guest.
* NOTE: *
From PaulMcG in the comments below: Pyparsing is no longer hosted on wikispaces.com. Go to github.com/pyparsing/pyparsing
Here is a scraper I created using Python on ScraperWiki:
import lxml.html
import re
import scraperwiki
pattern = re.compile(r'\s')
html = scraperwiki.scrape("http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2012.html")
root = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
for tr in root.cssselect("#UniversityRanking tr:not(:first-child)"):
if len(tr.cssselect("td.ranking")) > 0 and len(tr.cssselect("td.rankingname")) > 0:
data = {
'arwu_rank' : str(re.sub(pattern, r'', tr.cssselect("td.ranking")[0].text_content())),
'university' : tr.cssselect("td.rankingname")[0].text_content().strip()
}
# DEBUG BEGIN
if not type(data["arwu_rank"]) is str:
print type(data["arwu_rank"])
print data["arwu_rank"]
print data["university"]
# DEBUG END
if "-" in data["arwu_rank"]:
arwu_rank_bounds = data["arwu_rank"].split("-")
data["arwu_rank"] = int( ( float(arwu_rank_bounds[0]) + float(arwu_rank_bounds[1]) ) * 0.5 )
if not type(data["arwu_rank"]) is int:
data["arwu_rank"] = int(data["arwu_rank"])
scraperwiki.sqlite.save(unique_keys=['university'], data=data)
It works perfectly except when scraping the final data row of the table (the "York University" line), at which point instead of lines 9 through 11 of the code causing the string "401-500" to be retrieved from the table and assigned to data["arwu_rank"], those lines somehow seem instead to be causing the int 450 to be assigned to data["arwu_rank"]. You can see that I've added a few lines of "debugging" code to get a better understanding of what's going on, but also that that debugging code doesn't go very deep.
I have two questions:
What are my options for debugging scrapers run on the ScraperWiki infrastructure, e.g. for troubleshooting issues like this? E.g. is there a way to step through?
Can you tell me why the the int 450, instead of the string "401-500", is being assigned to data["arwu_rank"] for the "York University" line?
EDIT 6 May 2013, 20:07h UTC
The following scraper completes without issue, but I'm still unsure why the first one failed on the "York University" line:
import lxml.html
import re
import scraperwiki
pattern = re.compile(r'\s')
html = scraperwiki.scrape("http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2012.html")
root = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
for tr in root.cssselect("#UniversityRanking tr:not(:first-child)"):
if len(tr.cssselect("td.ranking")) > 0 and len(tr.cssselect("td.rankingname")) > 0:
data = {
'arwu_rank' : str(re.sub(pattern, r'', tr.cssselect("td.ranking")[0].text_content())),
'university' : tr.cssselect("td.rankingname")[0].text_content().strip()
}
# DEBUG BEGIN
if not type(data["arwu_rank"]) is str:
print type(data["arwu_rank"])
print data["arwu_rank"]
print data["university"]
# DEBUG END
if "-" in data["arwu_rank"]:
arwu_rank_bounds = data["arwu_rank"].split("-")
data["arwu_rank"] = int( ( float(arwu_rank_bounds[0]) + float(arwu_rank_bounds[1]) ) * 0.5 )
if not type(data["arwu_rank"]) is int:
data["arwu_rank"] = int(data["arwu_rank"])
scraperwiki.sqlite.save(unique_keys=['university'], data=data)
There's no easy way to debug your scripts on ScraperWiki, unfortunately it just sends your code in its entirety and gets the results back, there's no way to execute the code interactively.
I added a couple more prints to a copy of your code, and it looks like the if check before the bit that assigns data
if len(tr.cssselect("td.ranking")) > 0 and len(tr.cssselect("td.rankingname")) > 0:
doesn't trigger for "York University" so it will be keeping the int value (you set it later on) from the previous time around the loop.
Think this is my first question I have asked on here normally find all the answers I need (so thanks in advance)
ok my problem I have written a python program that will in threads monitor a process and output the results to a csv file for later. This code is working great I am using win32pdhutil for the counters and WMI, Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Process for the CPU %time. I have now been asked to monitor a WPF application and specifically monitor User objects and GDI objects.
This is where I have a problem, it is that i can't seem to find any python support for gathering metrics on these two counters. these two counters are easily available in the task manager I find it odd that there is very little information on these two counters. I am specifically looking at gathering these to see if we have a memory leak, I don't want to install anything else on the system other than python that is already installed. Please can you peeps help with finding a solution.
I am using python 3.3.1, this will be running on a windows platform (mainly win7 and win8)
This is the code i am using to gather the data
def gatherIt(self,whoIt,whatIt,type,wiggle,process_info2):
#this is the data gathering function thing
data=0.0
data1="wobble"
if type=="counter":
#gather data according to the attibutes
try:
data = win32pdhutil.FindPerformanceAttributesByName(whoIt, counter=whatIt)
except:
#a problem occoured with process not being there not being there....
data1="N/A"
elif type=="cpu":
try:
process_info={}#used in the gather CPU bassed on service
for x in range(2):
for procP in wiggle.Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Process(name=whoIt):
n1 = int(procP.PercentProcessorTime)
d1 = int(procP.Timestamp_Sys100NS)
#need to get the process id to change per cpu look...
n0, d0 = process_info.get (whoIt, (0, 0))
try:
percent_processor_time = (float (n1 - n0) / float (d1 - d0)) *100.0
#print whoIt, percent_processor_time
except ZeroDivisionError:
percent_processor_time = 0.0
# pass back the n0 and d0
process_info[whoIt] = (n1, d1)
#end for loop (this should take into account multiple cpu's)
# end for range to allow for a current cpu time rather that cpu percent over sampleint
if percent_processor_time==0.0:
data=0.0
else:
data=percent_processor_time
except:
data1="N/A"
else:
#we have done something wrong so data =0
data1="N/A"
#endif
if data == "[]":
data=0.0
data1="N/A"
if data == "" :
data=0.0
data1="N/A"
if data == " ":
data=0.0
data1="N/A"
if data1!="wobble" and data==0.0:
#we have not got the result we were expecting so add a n/a
data=data1
return data
cheers
edited for correct cpu timings issue if anyone tried to run it :D
so after a long search i was able to mash something together that gets me the info needed.
import time
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *
import win32pdh
# with help from here http://coding.derkeiler.com/Archive/Python/comp.lang.python/2007-10/msg00717.html
# the following has been mashed together to get the info needed
def GetProcessID(name):
object = "Process"
items, instances = win32pdh.EnumObjectItems(None, None, object, win32pdh.PERF_DETAIL_WIZARD)
val = None
if name in instances :
tenQuery = win32pdh.OpenQuery()
tenarray = [ ]
item = "ID Process"
path = win32pdh.MakeCounterPath( ( None, object, name, None, 0, item ) )
tenarray.append( win32pdh.AddCounter( tenQuery, path ) )
win32pdh.CollectQueryData( tenQuery )
time.sleep( 0.01 )
win32pdh.CollectQueryData( tenQuery )
for tencounter in tenarray:
type, val = win32pdh.GetFormattedCounterValue( tencounter, win32pdh.PDH_FMT_LONG )
win32pdh.RemoveCounter( tencounter )
win32pdh.CloseQuery( tenQuery )
return val
processIDs = GetProcessID('OUTLOOK') # Remember this is case sensitive
PQI = 0x400
#open a handle on to the process so that we can query it
OpenProcessHandle = windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(PQI, 0, processIDs)
# OK so now we have opened the process now we want to query it
GR_GDIOBJECTS, GR_USEROBJECTS = 0, 1
print(windll.user32.GetGuiResources(OpenProcessHandle, GR_GDIOBJECTS))
print(windll.user32.GetGuiResources(OpenProcessHandle, GR_USEROBJECTS))
#so we have what we want we now close the process handle
windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(OpenProcessHandle)
hope that helps
For GDI count, I think a simpler, cleaner monitoring script is as follows:
import time, psutil
from ctypes import *
def getPID(processName):
for proc in psutil.process_iter():
try:
if processName.lower() in proc.name().lower():
return proc.pid
except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, psutil.AccessDenied, psutil.ZombieProcess):
pass
return None;
def getGDIcount(PID):
PH = windll.kernel32.OpenProcess(0x400, 0, PID)
GDIcount = windll.user32.GetGuiResources(PH, 0)
windll.kernel32.CloseHandle(PH)
return GDIcount
PID = getPID('Outlook')
while True:
GDIcount = getGDIcount(PID)
print(f"{time.ctime()}, {GDIcount}")
time.sleep(1)