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Python multiprocessing.Queue.get throws OSError (Handle is closed)

I have a Python Singleton class which exposes an API put_msg_to_queue to users. This API puts a string message to queue. The Singleton Tester class creates a thread which gets the message and just prints it.
Complete code used is given below. This code was working fine with Python 3.9.12, but seems broken with Python 3.9.14. The queue.get API throws OSError when process exits.
Other than handling this exception (the commented out code given below), please suggest how to adapt this code with new python version.
Probably below change mentioned in changelog caused this change in behavior.
Always close the read end of the pipe used by multiprocessing.Queue
after the last write of buffered data to the write end of the pipe to
avoid BrokenPipeError at garbage collection and at
multiprocessing.Queue.close() calls. Patch by Géry Ogam.
# python -V
Python 3.9.12
#
# python sample.py
Closing..
Received msg: sample msg
cleaning
#
# python -V
Python 3.9.14
#
# python sample.py
Closing..
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 980, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 917, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/root/sample.py", line 32, in print_data
record = self.myqueue.get(timeout=0.3)
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 117, in get
res = self._recv_bytes()
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 217, in recv_bytes
self._check_closed()
File "/usr/lib/python3.9/multiprocessing/connection.py", line 141, in _check_closed
raise OSError("handle is closed")
OSError: handle is closed
#
# cat sample.py
#!/usr/bin/python
import queue
import multiprocessing
import time
import threading
import atexit
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instances[cls]
class Tester(metaclass = Singleton):
def __init__(self):
self._is_close = False
atexit.register(self.close)
self.myqueue = multiprocessing.Queue(-1)
self.reader_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.print_data)
self.reader_thread.daemon = True
self.reader_thread.start()
def put_msg_to_queue(self, msg):
self.myqueue.put(msg)
def print_data(self):
while (not self._is_close):
try:
record = self.myqueue.get(timeout=0.3)
print("Received msg: " + str(record))
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
raise
except EOFError:
break
except queue.Empty:
pass
#except OSError as ex:
# if str(ex) == "handle is closed":
# print("Handle is closed, breaking")
# break
print("cleaning")
self.myqueue.close()
self.myqueue.join_thread()
def close(self):
print("Closing..")
self._is_close=True
self.reader_thread.join(5.0)
tester = Tester()
tester.put_msg_to_queue("sample msg")

Your problem can be resolved if you do not use the call to atexit.register to do the closing of the queue but rather explicitly call it after all messages have been added:
... # code omitted for brevity
tester = Tester()
tester.put_msg_to_queue("sample msg")
tester.close()
But you have so many timing dependencies and are using a multiprocessing.Queue instance with threading when all you need is queue.Queue instance. So if I may suggest some changes:
First, you do have an error in your Singleton class: if the singleton has already been created (is in the _instances dictionary, your __call__ method returns None.
Second, as I have already mentioned, you only need to use a queue.Queue instance since you are using multithreading.
Third, since your reader_thread method is a worker function for a daemon thread, it can do simple blocking calls in an infinite loop. To be sure that all messages placed on the queue have been read by this thread before exiting, you can call join on the queue. The thread must issue a call to task_done on the queue at the completion of processing each message it retrieves from the queue. In the following code all timing dependencies have been removed. The main thread can place as many messages on the queue it wants and the reader_thread can take as much time as it needs to process all messages. The program will not terminate until all messages by the reader_thread have been successfully processed.
import queue
import threading
import atexit
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
# Following did not belong with the if block:
return cls._instances[cls]
class Tester(metaclass = Singleton):
def __init__(self):
atexit.register(self.close)
# Only need to use a queue.Queue:
self.myqueue = queue.Queue(-1)
self.reader_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.print_data)
self.reader_thread.daemon = True
self.reader_thread.start()
def put_msg_to_queue(self, msg):
self.myqueue.put(msg)
def print_data(self):
# Simplfied:
while True:
record = self.myqueue.get()
print("Received msg: ", record)
# Show message is processed
self.myqueue.task_done()
def close(self):
print("Closing..")
# Wait for all messages to be processed:
self.myqueue.join()
tester = Tester()
tester.put_msg_to_queue("sample msg 1")
tester.put_msg_to_queue("sample msg 2")
tester.put_msg_to_queue("sample msg 3")
Prints:
Closing..
Received msg: sample msg 1
Received msg: sample msg 2
Received msg: sample msg 3

Can an exception or error in the worker thread be caught in a function in the main thread in PyQT5? [duplicate]

I'm very new to Python and multithreaded programming in general. Basically, I have a script that will copy files to another location. I would like this to be placed in another thread so I can output .... to indicate that the script is still running.
The problem that I am having is that if the files cannot be copied it will throw an exception. This is OK if running in the main thread; however, having the following code does not work:
try:
threadClass = TheThread(param1, param2, etc.)
threadClass.start() ##### **Exception takes place here**
except:
print "Caught an exception"
In the thread class itself, I tried to re-throw the exception, but it does not work. I have seen people on here ask similar questions, but they all seem to be doing something more specific than what I am trying to do (and I don't quite understand the solutions offered). I have seen people mention the usage of sys.exc_info(), however I do not know where or how to use it.
Edit: The code for the thread class is below:
class TheThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, sourceFolder, destFolder):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.sourceFolder = sourceFolder
self.destFolder = destFolder
def run(self):
try:
shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
except:
raise

The problem is that thread_obj.start() returns immediately. The child thread that you spawned executes in its own context, with its own stack. Any exception that occurs there is in the context of the child thread, and it is in its own stack. One way I can think of right now to communicate this information to the parent thread is by using some sort of message passing, so you might look into that.
Try this on for size:
import sys
import threading
import queue
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, bucket):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.bucket = bucket
def run(self):
try:
raise Exception('An error occured here.')
except Exception:
self.bucket.put(sys.exc_info())
def main():
bucket = queue.Queue()
thread_obj = ExcThread(bucket)
thread_obj.start()
while True:
try:
exc = bucket.get(block=False)
except queue.Empty:
pass
else:
exc_type, exc_obj, exc_trace = exc
# deal with the exception
print exc_type, exc_obj
print exc_trace
thread_obj.join(0.1)
if thread_obj.isAlive():
continue
else:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

There are a lot of really weirdly complicated answers to this question. Am I oversimplifying this, because this seems sufficient for most things to me.
from threading import Thread
class PropagatingThread(Thread):
def run(self):
self.exc = None
try:
if hasattr(self, '_Thread__target'):
# Thread uses name mangling prior to Python 3.
self.ret = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
else:
self.ret = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
self.exc = e
def join(self, timeout=None):
super(PropagatingThread, self).join(timeout)
if self.exc:
raise self.exc
return self.ret
If you're certain you'll only ever be running on one or the other version of Python, you could reduce the run() method down to just the mangled version (if you'll only be running on versions of Python before 3), or just the clean version (if you'll only be running on versions of Python starting with 3).
Example usage:
def f(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
raise Exception('I suck at this')
t = PropagatingThread(target=f, args=(5,), kwargs={'hello':'world'})
t.start()
t.join()
And you'll see the exception raised on the other thread when you join.
If you are using six or on Python 3 only, you can improve the stack trace information you get when the exception is re-raised. Instead of only the stack at the point of the join, you can wrap the inner exception in a new outer exception, and get both stack traces with
six.raise_from(RuntimeError('Exception in thread'),self.exc)
or
raise RuntimeError('Exception in thread') from self.exc

The concurrent.futures module makes it simple to do work in separate threads (or processes) and handle any resulting exceptions:
import concurrent.futures
import shutil
def copytree_with_dots(src_path, dst_path):
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
# Execute the copy on a separate thread,
# creating a future object to track progress.
future = executor.submit(shutil.copytree, src_path, dst_path)
while future.running():
# Print pretty dots here.
pass
# Return the value returned by shutil.copytree(), None.
# Raise any exceptions raised during the copy process.
return future.result()
concurrent.futures is included with Python 3.2, and is available as the backported futures module for earlier versions.

Although it is not possible to directly catch an exception thrown in a different thread, here's a code to quite transparently obtain something very close to this functionality. Your child thread must subclass the ExThread class instead of threading.Thread and the parent thread must call the child_thread.join_with_exception() method instead of child_thread.join() when waiting for the thread to finish its job.
Technical details of this implementation: when the child thread throws an exception, it is passed to the parent through a Queue and thrown again in the parent thread. Notice that there's no busy waiting in this approach .
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import threading
import Queue
class ExThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.__status_queue = Queue.Queue()
def run_with_exception(self):
"""This method should be overriden."""
raise NotImplementedError
def run(self):
"""This method should NOT be overriden."""
try:
self.run_with_exception()
except BaseException:
self.__status_queue.put(sys.exc_info())
self.__status_queue.put(None)
def wait_for_exc_info(self):
return self.__status_queue.get()
def join_with_exception(self):
ex_info = self.wait_for_exc_info()
if ex_info is None:
return
else:
raise ex_info[1]
class MyException(Exception):
pass
class MyThread(ExThread):
def __init__(self):
ExThread.__init__(self)
def run_with_exception(self):
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
raise MyException("An error in thread '{}'.".format(thread_name))
def main():
t = MyThread()
t.start()
try:
t.join_with_exception()
except MyException as ex:
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
print "Caught a MyException in thread '{}': {}".format(thread_name, ex)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

If an exception occurs in a thread, the best way is to re-raise it in the caller thread during join. You can get information about the exception currently being handled using the sys.exc_info() function. This information can simply be stored as a property of the thread object until join is called, at which point it can be re-raised.
Note that a Queue.Queue (as suggested in other answers) is not necessary in this simple case where the thread throws at most 1 exception and completes right after throwing an exception. We avoid race conditions by simply waiting for the thread to complete.
For example, extend ExcThread (below), overriding excRun (instead of run).
Python 2.x:
import threading
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def excRun(self):
pass
def run(self):
self.exc = None
try:
# Possibly throws an exception
self.excRun()
except:
import sys
self.exc = sys.exc_info()
# Save details of the exception thrown but don't rethrow,
# just complete the function
def join(self):
threading.Thread.join(self)
if self.exc:
msg = "Thread '%s' threw an exception: %s" % (self.getName(), self.exc[1])
new_exc = Exception(msg)
raise new_exc.__class__, new_exc, self.exc[2]
Python 3.x:
The 3 argument form for raise is gone in Python 3, so change the last line to:
raise new_exc.with_traceback(self.exc[2])

concurrent.futures.as_completed
https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.as_completed
The following solution:
returns to the main thread immediately when an exception is called
requires no extra user defined classes because it does not need:
an explicit Queue
to add an except else around your work thread
Source:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import concurrent.futures
import time
def func_that_raises(do_raise):
for i in range(3):
print(i)
time.sleep(0.1)
if do_raise:
raise Exception()
for i in range(3):
print(i)
time.sleep(0.1)
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor:
futures = []
futures.append(executor.submit(func_that_raises, False))
futures.append(executor.submit(func_that_raises, True))
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
print(repr(future.exception()))
Possible output:
0
0
1
1
2
2
0
Exception()
1
2
None
It is unfortunately not possible to kill futures to cancel the others as one fails:
concurrent.futures; Python: concurrent.futures How to make it cancelable?
threading: Is there any way to kill a Thread?
C pthreads: Kill Thread in Pthread Library
If you do something like:
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
if future.exception() is not None:
raise future.exception()
then the with catches it, and waits for the second thread to finish before continuing. The following behaves similarly:
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
future.result()
since future.result() re-raises the exception if one occurred.
If you want to quit the entire Python process, you might get away with os._exit(0), but this likely means you need a refactor.
Custom class with perfect exception semantics
I ended up coding the perfect interface for myself at: The right way to limit maximum number of threads running at once? section "Queue example with error handling". That class aims to be both convenient, and give you total control over submission and result / error handling.
Tested on Python 3.6.7, Ubuntu 18.04.

In Python 3.8, we can use threading.excepthook to hook the uncaught exceptions in all the child threads! For example,
threading.excepthook = thread_exception_handler
Referer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/60002752/5093308

What im doing is, simple overriding join and run method of the Thread:
class RaisingThread(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
self._exc = None
try:
super().run()
except Exception as e:
self._exc = e
def join(self, timeout=None):
super().join(timeout=timeout)
if self._exc:
raise self._exc
Used as followed:
def foo():
time.sleep(2)
print('hi, from foo!')
raise Exception('exception from foo')
t = RaisingThread(target=foo)
t.start()
try:
t.join()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
Result:
hi, from foo!
exception from foo!

This was a nasty little problem, and I'd like to throw my solution in. Some other solutions I found (async.io for example) looked promising but also presented a bit of a black box. The queue / event loop approach sort of ties you to a certain implementation. The concurrent futures source code, however, is around only 1000 lines, and easy to comprehend. It allowed me to easily solve my problem: create ad-hoc worker threads without much setup, and to be able to catch exceptions in the main thread.
My solution uses the concurrent futures API and threading API. It allows you to create a worker which gives you both the thread and the future. That way, you can join the thread to wait for the result:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start()
thread.join()
print(worker.future.result())
...or you can let the worker just send a callback when done:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start(lambda x: print('callback', x))
...or you can loop until the event completes:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start()
while True:
print("waiting")
if worker.future.done():
exc = worker.future.exception()
print('exception?', exc)
result = worker.future.result()
print('result', result)
break
time.sleep(0.25)
Here's the code:
from concurrent.futures import Future
import threading
import time
class Worker(object):
def __init__(self, fn, args=()):
self.future = Future()
self._fn = fn
self._args = args
def start(self, cb=None):
self._cb = cb
self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, args=())
thread.daemon = True #this will continue thread execution after the main thread runs out of code - you can still ctrl + c or kill the process
thread.start()
return thread
def run(self):
try:
self.future.set_result(self._fn(*self._args))
except BaseException as e:
self.future.set_exception(e)
if(self._cb):
self._cb(self.future.result())
...and the test function:
def test(*args):
print('args are', args)
time.sleep(2)
raise Exception('foo')

I know I'm a bit late to the party here but I was having a very similar problem but it included using tkinter as a GUI, and the mainloop made it impossible to use any of the solutions that depend on .join(). Therefore I adapted the solution given in the EDIT of the original question, but made it more general to make it easier to understand for others.
Here is the new thread class in action:
import threading
import traceback
import logging
class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception:
logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
def test_function_1(input):
raise IndexError(input)
if __name__ == "__main__":
input = 'useful'
t1 = ExceptionThread(target=test_function_1, args=[input])
t1.start()
Of course you can always have it handle the exception some other way from logging, such as printing it out, or having it output to the console.
This allows you to use the ExceptionThread class exactly like you would the Thread class, without any special modifications.

Similar way like RickardSjogren's without Queue, sys etc. but also without some listeners to signals: execute directly an exception handler which corresponds to an except block.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import threading
class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, callback=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Redirect exceptions of thread to an exception handler.
:param callback: function to handle occured exception
:type callback: function(thread, exception)
:param args: arguments for threading.Thread()
:type args: tuple
:param kwargs: keyword arguments for threading.Thread()
:type kwargs: dict
"""
self._callback = callback
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
if self._callback is None:
raise e
else:
self._callback(self, e)
finally:
# Avoid a refcycle if the thread is running a function with
# an argument that has a member that points to the thread.
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs, self._callback
Only self._callback and the except block in run() is additional to normal threading.Thread.

I use this version, it's minimal and it works well.
class SafeThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(SafeThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
def run(self) -> None:
try:
super(SafeThread, self).run()
except Exception as ex:
self.exception = ex
traceback.print_exc()
def join(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
super(SafeThread, self).join(*args, **kwargs)
if self.exception:
raise self.exception
To use it, simply replace threading.Thread with SafeThread e.g
t = SafeThread(target = some_function, args = (some, args,))
t.start()
# do something else here if you want as the thread runs in the background
t.join()

As a noobie to Threading, it took me a long time to understand how to implement Mateusz Kobos's code (above). Here's a clarified version to help understand how to use it.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import threading
import Queue
class ExThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.__status_queue = Queue.Queue()
def run_with_exception(self):
"""This method should be overriden."""
raise NotImplementedError
def run(self):
"""This method should NOT be overriden."""
try:
self.run_with_exception()
except Exception:
self.__status_queue.put(sys.exc_info())
self.__status_queue.put(None)
def wait_for_exc_info(self):
return self.__status_queue.get()
def join_with_exception(self):
ex_info = self.wait_for_exc_info()
if ex_info is None:
return
else:
raise ex_info[1]
class MyException(Exception):
pass
class MyThread(ExThread):
def __init__(self):
ExThread.__init__(self)
# This overrides the "run_with_exception" from class "ExThread"
# Note, this is where the actual thread to be run lives. The thread
# to be run could also call a method or be passed in as an object
def run_with_exception(self):
# Code will function until the int
print "sleeping 5 seconds"
import time
for i in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:
print i
time.sleep(1)
# Thread should break here
int("str")
# I'm honestly not sure why these appear here? So, I removed them.
# Perhaps Mateusz can clarify?
# thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
# raise MyException("An error in thread '{}'.".format(thread_name))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# The code lives in MyThread in this example. So creating the MyThread
# object set the code to be run (but does not start it yet)
t = MyThread()
# This actually starts the thread
t.start()
print
print ("Notice 't.start()' is considered to have completed, although"
" the countdown continues in its new thread. So you code "
"can tinue into new processing.")
# Now that the thread is running, the join allows for monitoring of it
try:
t.join_with_exception()
# should be able to be replace "Exception" with specific error (untested)
except Exception, e:
print
print "Exceptioon was caught and control passed back to the main thread"
print "Do some handling here...or raise a custom exception "
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
e = ("Caught a MyException in thread: '" +
str(thread_name) +
"' [" + str(e) + "]")
raise Exception(e) # Or custom class of exception, such as MyException

One method I am fond of is based on the observer pattern. I define a signal class which my thread uses to emit exceptions to listeners. It can also be used to return values from threads. Example:
import threading
class Signal:
def __init__(self):
self._subscribers = list()
def emit(self, *args, **kwargs):
for func in self._subscribers:
func(*args, **kwargs)
def connect(self, func):
self._subscribers.append(func)
def disconnect(self, func):
try:
self._subscribers.remove(func)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError('Function {0} not removed from {1}'.format(func, self))
class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(WorkerThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.Exception = Signal()
self.Result = Signal()
def run(self):
if self._Thread__target is not None:
try:
self._return_value = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.Exception.emit(e)
else:
self.Result.emit(self._return_value)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import time
def handle_exception(exc):
print exc.message
def handle_result(res):
print res
def a():
time.sleep(1)
raise IOError('a failed')
def b():
time.sleep(2)
return 'b returns'
t = WorkerThread(target=a)
t2 = WorkerThread(target=b)
t.Exception.connect(handle_exception)
t2.Result.connect(handle_result)
t.start()
t2.start()
print 'Threads started'
t.join()
t2.join()
print 'Done'
I do not have enough experience of working with threads to claim that this is a completely safe method. But it has worked for me and I like the flexibility.

A simple way of catching thread's exception and communicating back to the caller method could be by passing dictionary or a list to worker method.
Example (passing dictionary to worker method):
import threading
def my_method(throw_me):
raise Exception(throw_me)
def worker(shared_obj, *args, **kwargs):
try:
shared_obj['target'](*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as err:
shared_obj['err'] = err
shared_obj = {'err':'', 'target': my_method}
throw_me = "Test"
th = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(shared_obj, throw_me), kwargs={})
th.start()
th.join()
if shared_obj['err']:
print(">>%s" % shared_obj['err'])

Wrap Thread with exception storage.
import threading
import sys
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, target, args = None):
self.args = args if args else []
self.target = target
self.exc = None
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
try:
self.target(*self.args)
raise Exception('An error occured here.')
except Exception:
self.exc=sys.exc_info()
def main():
def hello(name):
print(!"Hello, {name}!")
thread_obj = ExcThread(target=hello, args=("Jack"))
thread_obj.start()
thread_obj.join()
exc = thread_obj.exc
if exc:
exc_type, exc_obj, exc_trace = exc
print(exc_type, ':',exc_obj, ":", exc_trace)
main()

I like this class:
https://gist.github.com/earonesty/b88d60cb256b71443e42c4f1d949163e
import threading
from typing import Any
class PropagatingThread(threading.Thread):
"""A Threading Class that raises errors it caught, and returns the return value of the target on join."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._target = None
self._args = ()
self._kwargs = {}
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
self.return_value = None
assert self._target
def run(self):
"""Don't override this if you want the behavior of this class, use target instead."""
try:
if self._target:
self.return_value = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.exception = e
finally:
# see super().run() for why this is necessary
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
def join(self, timeout=None) -> Any:
super().join(timeout)
if self.exception:
raise self.exception
return self.return_value

Using naked excepts is not a good practice because you usually catch more than you bargain for.
I would suggest modifying the except to catch ONLY the exception that you would like to handle. I don't think that raising it has the desired effect, because when you go to instantiate TheThread in the outer try, if it raises an exception, the assignment is never going to happen.
Instead you might want to just alert on it and move on, such as:
def run(self):
try:
shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
except OSError, err:
print err
Then when that exception is caught, you can handle it there. Then when the outer try catches an exception from TheThread, you know it won't be the one you already handled, and will help you isolate your process flow.

I think the other solutions are somewhat complex if the only thing you want is to actually see somewhere the exception instead of being oblivious and totally blind.
The solution is to create a custom Thread that takes a logger from the main thread and logs any exceptions.
class ThreadWithLoggedException(threading.Thread):
"""
Similar to Thread but will log exceptions to passed logger.
Args:
logger: Logger instance used to log any exception in child thread
Exception is also reachable via <thread>.exception from the main thread.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
self.logger = kwargs.pop("logger")
except KeyError:
raise Exception("Missing 'logger' in kwargs")
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
def run(self):
try:
if self._target is not None:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception as exception:
thread = threading.current_thread()
self.exception = exception
self.logger.exception(f"Exception in child thread {thread}: {exception}")
finally:
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
Example:
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())
def serve():
raise Exception("Earth exploded.")
th = ThreadWithLoggedException(target=serve, logger=logger)
th.start()
Output in main thread:
Exception in child thread <ThreadWithLoggedException(Thread-1, started 139922384414464)>: Earth exploded.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/core/utils.py", line 108, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/myapp.py", line 105, in serve
raise Exception("Earth exploded.")
Exception: Earth exploded.

pygolang provides sync.WorkGroup which, in particular, propagates exception from spawned worker threads to the main thread. For example:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""This program demostrates how with sync.WorkGroup an exception raised in
spawned thread is propagated into main thread which spawned the worker."""
from __future__ import print_function
from golang import sync, context
def T1(ctx, *argv):
print('T1: run ... %r' % (argv,))
raise RuntimeError('T1: problem')
def T2(ctx):
print('T2: ran ok')
def main():
wg = sync.WorkGroup(context.background())
wg.go(T1, [1,2,3])
wg.go(T2)
try:
wg.wait()
except Exception as e:
print('Tmain: caught exception: %r\n' %e)
# reraising to see full traceback
raise
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
gives the following when run:
T1: run ... ([1, 2, 3],)
T2: ran ok
Tmain: caught exception: RuntimeError('T1: problem',)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./x.py", line 28, in <module>
main()
File "./x.py", line 21, in main
wg.wait()
File "golang/_sync.pyx", line 198, in golang._sync.PyWorkGroup.wait
pyerr_reraise(pyerr)
File "golang/_sync.pyx", line 178, in golang._sync.PyWorkGroup.go.pyrunf
f(pywg._pyctx, *argv, **kw)
File "./x.py", line 10, in T1
raise RuntimeError('T1: problem')
RuntimeError: T1: problem
The original code from the question would be just:
wg = sync.WorkGroup(context.background())
def _(ctx):
shul.copytree(sourceFolder, destFolder)
wg.go(_)
# waits for spawned worker to complete and, on error, reraises
# its exception on the main thread.
wg.wait()

How to catch exceptions thrown by functions executed using multiprocessing.Process() (python)

How can I catch exceptions from a process that was executed using multiprocessing.Process()?
Consider the following python script that executes a simple failFunction() (which immediately throws a runtime error) inside of a child process using mulitprocessing.Process()
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import multiprocessing, time
# this function will be executed in a child process asynchronously
def failFunction():
raise RuntimeError('trust fall, catch me!')
# execute the helloWorld() function in a child process in the background
process = multiprocessing.Process(
target = failFunction,
)
process.start()
# <this is where async stuff would happen>
time.sleep(1)
# try (and fail) to catch the exception
try:
process.join()
except Exception as e:
print( "This won't catch the exception" )
As you can see from the following execution, attempting to wrap the .join() does not actually catch the exception
user#host:~$ python3 example.py
Process Process-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
self.run()
File "/usr/lib/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "example4.py", line 6, in failFunction
raise RuntimeError('trust fall, catch me!')
RuntimeError: trust fall, catch me!
user#host:~$
How can I update the above script to actually catch the exception from the function that was executed inside of a child process using multiprocessing.Process()?

This can be achieved by overloading the run() method in the multiprocessing.Proccess() class with a try..except statement and setting up a Pipe() to get and store any raised exceptions from the child process into an instance field for named exception:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import multiprocessing, traceback, time
class Process(multiprocessing.Process):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
multiprocessing.Process.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self._pconn, self._cconn = multiprocessing.Pipe()
self._exception = None
def run(self):
try:
multiprocessing.Process.run(self)
self._cconn.send(None)
except Exception as e:
tb = traceback.format_exc()
self._cconn.send((e, tb))
#raise e # You can still rise this exception if you need to
#property
def exception(self):
if self._pconn.poll():
self._exception = self._pconn.recv()
return self._exception
# this function will be executed in a child process asynchronously
def failFunction():
raise RuntimeError('trust fall, catch me!')
# execute the helloWorld() function in a child process in the background
process = Process(
target = failFunction,
)
process.start()
# <this is where async stuff would happen>
time.sleep(1)
# catch the child process' exception
try:
process.join()
if process.exception:
raise process.exception
except Exception as e:
print( "Exception caught!" )
Example execution:
user#host:~$ python3 example.py
Exception caught!
user#host:~$
Solution taken from this answer:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/33599967/1174102

This solution does not require the target function having to catch its own exceptions.
It may seem like overkill, but you can use class ProcessPoolExecutor in module concurrent.futures to create a process pool of size 1, which is all you that is required for your needs. When you submit a "job" to the executor a Future instance is created representing the state of execution of the process. When you call result() on the Future instance, you block until the process terminates and returns a results (the target function returns). If the target function throws an exception, you can catch it when you call result():
import concurrent.futures
def failFunction():
raise RuntimeError('trust fall, catch me!')
def main():
with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
future = executor.submit(failFunction)
try:
result = future.result()
except Exception as e:
print('exception = ', e)
else:
print('result = ', result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Prints:
exception = trust fall, catch me!
The bonus of using a process pool is you have a ready-made process already created if you have additional functions you need to invoke in a sub-process.

Exception thrown in multiprocessing Pool not detected

It seems that when an exception is raised from a multiprocessing.Pool process, there is no stack trace or any other indication that it has failed. Example:
from multiprocessing import Pool
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception()
print(2)
p = Pool()
p.apply_async(go)
p.close()
p.join()
prints 1 and stops silently. Interestingly, raising a BaseException instead works. Is there any way to make the behavior for all exceptions the same as BaseException?

Maybe I'm missing something, but isn't that what the get method of the Result object returns? See Process Pools.
class multiprocessing.pool.AsyncResult
The class of the result returned by Pool.apply_async() and Pool.map_async().get([timeout])
Return the result when it arrives. If timeout is not None and the result does not arrive within
timeout seconds then multiprocessing.TimeoutError is raised. If the remote
call raised an exception then that exception will be reraised by get().
So, slightly modifying your example, one can do
from multiprocessing import Pool
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception("foobar")
print(2)
p = Pool()
x = p.apply_async(go)
x.get()
p.close()
p.join()
Which gives as result
1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "rob.py", line 10, in <module>
x.get()
File "/usr/lib/python2.6/multiprocessing/pool.py", line 422, in get
raise self._value
Exception: foobar
This is not completely satisfactory, since it does not print the traceback, but is better than nothing.
UPDATE: This bug has been fixed in Python 3.4, courtesy of Richard Oudkerk. See the issue get method of multiprocessing.pool.Async should return full traceback.

I have a reasonable solution for the problem, at least for debugging purposes. I do not currently have a solution that will raise the exception back in the main processes. My first thought was to use a decorator, but you can only pickle functions defined at the top level of a module, so that's right out.
Instead, a simple wrapping class and a Pool subclass that uses this for apply_async (and hence apply). I'll leave map_async as an exercise for the reader.
import traceback
from multiprocessing.pool import Pool
import multiprocessing
# Shortcut to multiprocessing's logger
def error(msg, *args):
return multiprocessing.get_logger().error(msg, *args)
class LogExceptions(object):
def __init__(self, callable):
self.__callable = callable
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
result = self.__callable(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
# Here we add some debugging help. If multiprocessing's
# debugging is on, it will arrange to log the traceback
error(traceback.format_exc())
# Re-raise the original exception so the Pool worker can
# clean up
raise
# It was fine, give a normal answer
return result
class LoggingPool(Pool):
def apply_async(self, func, args=(), kwds={}, callback=None):
return Pool.apply_async(self, LogExceptions(func), args, kwds, callback)
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception()
print(2)
multiprocessing.log_to_stderr()
p = LoggingPool(processes=1)
p.apply_async(go)
p.close()
p.join()
This gives me:
1
[ERROR/PoolWorker-1] Traceback (most recent call last):
File "mpdebug.py", line 24, in __call__
result = self.__callable(*args, **kwargs)
File "mpdebug.py", line 44, in go
raise Exception()
Exception

The solution with the most votes at the time of writing has a problem:
from multiprocessing import Pool
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception("foobar")
print(2)
p = Pool()
x = p.apply_async(go)
x.get() ## waiting here for go() to complete...
p.close()
p.join()
As #dfrankow noted, it will wait on x.get(), which ruins the point of running a task asynchronously. So, for better efficiency (in particular if your worker function go takes a long time) I would change it to:
from multiprocessing import Pool
def go(x):
print(1)
# task_that_takes_a_long_time()
raise Exception("Can't go anywhere.")
print(2)
return x**2
p = Pool()
results = []
for x in range(1000):
results.append( p.apply_async(go, [x]) )
p.close()
for r in results:
r.get()
Advantages: the worker function is run asynchronously, so if for example you are running many tasks on several cores, it will be a lot more efficient than the original solution.
Disadvantages: if there is an exception in the worker function, it will only be raised after the pool has completed all the tasks. This may or may not be the desirable behaviour. EDITED according to #colinfang's comment, which fixed this.

Since there are already decent answers for multiprocessing.Pool available, I will provide a solution using a different approach for completeness.
For python >= 3.2 the following solution seems to be the simplest:
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor, wait
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception()
print(2)
futures = []
with ProcessPoolExecutor() as p:
for i in range(10):
futures.append(p.submit(go))
results = [f.result() for f in futures]
Advantages:
very little code
raises an exception in the main process
provides a stack trace
no external dependencies
For more info about the API please check out this
Additionally, if you are submitting a large number of tasks and you would like your main process to fail as soon as one of your tasks fail, you can use the following snippet:
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor, wait, FIRST_EXCEPTION, as_completed
import time
def go():
print(1)
time.sleep(0.3)
raise Exception()
print(2)
futures = []
with ProcessPoolExecutor(1) as p:
for i in range(10):
futures.append(p.submit(go))
for f in as_completed(futures):
if f.exception() is not None:
for f in futures:
f.cancel()
break
[f.result() for f in futures]
All of the other answers fail only once all tasks have been executed.

I've had success logging exceptions with this decorator:
import traceback, functools, multiprocessing
def trace_unhandled_exceptions(func):
#functools.wraps(func)
def wrapped_func(*args, **kwargs):
try:
func(*args, **kwargs)
except:
print 'Exception in '+func.__name__
traceback.print_exc()
return wrapped_func
with the code in the question, it's
#trace_unhandled_exceptions
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception()
print(2)
p = multiprocessing.Pool(1)
p.apply_async(go)
p.close()
p.join()
Simply decorate the function you pass to your process pool. The key to this working is #functools.wraps(func) otherwise multiprocessing throws a PicklingError.
code above gives
1
Exception in go
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 5, in wrapped_func
File "<stdin>", line 4, in go
Exception

Since you have used apply_sync, I guess the use case is want to do some synchronize tasks. Use callback for handling is another option. Please note this option is available only for python3.2 and above and not available on python2.7.
from multiprocessing import Pool
def callback(result):
print('success', result)
def callback_error(result):
print('error', result)
def go():
print(1)
raise Exception()
print(2)
p = Pool()
p.apply_async(go, callback=callback, error_callback=callback_error)
# You can do another things
p.close()
p.join()

import logging
from multiprocessing import Pool
def proc_wrapper(func, *args, **kwargs):
"""Print exception because multiprocessing lib doesn't return them right."""
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
logging.exception(e)
raise
def go(x):
print x
raise Exception("foobar")
p = Pool()
p.apply_async(proc_wrapper, (go, 5))
p.join()
p.close()

I created a module RemoteException.py that shows the full traceback of a exception in a process. Python2. Download it and add this to your code:
import RemoteException
#RemoteException.showError
def go():
raise Exception('Error!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
import multiprocessing
p = multiprocessing.Pool(processes = 1)
r = p.apply(go) # full traceback is shown here

I'd try using pdb:
import pdb
import sys
def handler(type, value, tb):
pdb.pm()
sys.excepthook = handler

Catch a thread's exception in the caller thread?

I'm very new to Python and multithreaded programming in general. Basically, I have a script that will copy files to another location. I would like this to be placed in another thread so I can output .... to indicate that the script is still running.
The problem that I am having is that if the files cannot be copied it will throw an exception. This is OK if running in the main thread; however, having the following code does not work:
try:
threadClass = TheThread(param1, param2, etc.)
threadClass.start() ##### **Exception takes place here**
except:
print "Caught an exception"
In the thread class itself, I tried to re-throw the exception, but it does not work. I have seen people on here ask similar questions, but they all seem to be doing something more specific than what I am trying to do (and I don't quite understand the solutions offered). I have seen people mention the usage of sys.exc_info(), however I do not know where or how to use it.
Edit: The code for the thread class is below:
class TheThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, sourceFolder, destFolder):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.sourceFolder = sourceFolder
self.destFolder = destFolder
def run(self):
try:
shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
except:
raise

The problem is that thread_obj.start() returns immediately. The child thread that you spawned executes in its own context, with its own stack. Any exception that occurs there is in the context of the child thread, and it is in its own stack. One way I can think of right now to communicate this information to the parent thread is by using some sort of message passing, so you might look into that.
Try this on for size:
import sys
import threading
import queue
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, bucket):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.bucket = bucket
def run(self):
try:
raise Exception('An error occured here.')
except Exception:
self.bucket.put(sys.exc_info())
def main():
bucket = queue.Queue()
thread_obj = ExcThread(bucket)
thread_obj.start()
while True:
try:
exc = bucket.get(block=False)
except queue.Empty:
pass
else:
exc_type, exc_obj, exc_trace = exc
# deal with the exception
print exc_type, exc_obj
print exc_trace
thread_obj.join(0.1)
if thread_obj.isAlive():
continue
else:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

There are a lot of really weirdly complicated answers to this question. Am I oversimplifying this, because this seems sufficient for most things to me.
from threading import Thread
class PropagatingThread(Thread):
def run(self):
self.exc = None
try:
if hasattr(self, '_Thread__target'):
# Thread uses name mangling prior to Python 3.
self.ret = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
else:
self.ret = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
self.exc = e
def join(self, timeout=None):
super(PropagatingThread, self).join(timeout)
if self.exc:
raise self.exc
return self.ret
If you're certain you'll only ever be running on one or the other version of Python, you could reduce the run() method down to just the mangled version (if you'll only be running on versions of Python before 3), or just the clean version (if you'll only be running on versions of Python starting with 3).
Example usage:
def f(*args, **kwargs):
print(args)
print(kwargs)
raise Exception('I suck at this')
t = PropagatingThread(target=f, args=(5,), kwargs={'hello':'world'})
t.start()
t.join()
And you'll see the exception raised on the other thread when you join.
If you are using six or on Python 3 only, you can improve the stack trace information you get when the exception is re-raised. Instead of only the stack at the point of the join, you can wrap the inner exception in a new outer exception, and get both stack traces with
six.raise_from(RuntimeError('Exception in thread'),self.exc)
or
raise RuntimeError('Exception in thread') from self.exc

The concurrent.futures module makes it simple to do work in separate threads (or processes) and handle any resulting exceptions:
import concurrent.futures
import shutil
def copytree_with_dots(src_path, dst_path):
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as executor:
# Execute the copy on a separate thread,
# creating a future object to track progress.
future = executor.submit(shutil.copytree, src_path, dst_path)
while future.running():
# Print pretty dots here.
pass
# Return the value returned by shutil.copytree(), None.
# Raise any exceptions raised during the copy process.
return future.result()
concurrent.futures is included with Python 3.2, and is available as the backported futures module for earlier versions.

Although it is not possible to directly catch an exception thrown in a different thread, here's a code to quite transparently obtain something very close to this functionality. Your child thread must subclass the ExThread class instead of threading.Thread and the parent thread must call the child_thread.join_with_exception() method instead of child_thread.join() when waiting for the thread to finish its job.
Technical details of this implementation: when the child thread throws an exception, it is passed to the parent through a Queue and thrown again in the parent thread. Notice that there's no busy waiting in this approach .
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import threading
import Queue
class ExThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.__status_queue = Queue.Queue()
def run_with_exception(self):
"""This method should be overriden."""
raise NotImplementedError
def run(self):
"""This method should NOT be overriden."""
try:
self.run_with_exception()
except BaseException:
self.__status_queue.put(sys.exc_info())
self.__status_queue.put(None)
def wait_for_exc_info(self):
return self.__status_queue.get()
def join_with_exception(self):
ex_info = self.wait_for_exc_info()
if ex_info is None:
return
else:
raise ex_info[1]
class MyException(Exception):
pass
class MyThread(ExThread):
def __init__(self):
ExThread.__init__(self)
def run_with_exception(self):
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
raise MyException("An error in thread '{}'.".format(thread_name))
def main():
t = MyThread()
t.start()
try:
t.join_with_exception()
except MyException as ex:
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
print "Caught a MyException in thread '{}': {}".format(thread_name, ex)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()

If an exception occurs in a thread, the best way is to re-raise it in the caller thread during join. You can get information about the exception currently being handled using the sys.exc_info() function. This information can simply be stored as a property of the thread object until join is called, at which point it can be re-raised.
Note that a Queue.Queue (as suggested in other answers) is not necessary in this simple case where the thread throws at most 1 exception and completes right after throwing an exception. We avoid race conditions by simply waiting for the thread to complete.
For example, extend ExcThread (below), overriding excRun (instead of run).
Python 2.x:
import threading
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def excRun(self):
pass
def run(self):
self.exc = None
try:
# Possibly throws an exception
self.excRun()
except:
import sys
self.exc = sys.exc_info()
# Save details of the exception thrown but don't rethrow,
# just complete the function
def join(self):
threading.Thread.join(self)
if self.exc:
msg = "Thread '%s' threw an exception: %s" % (self.getName(), self.exc[1])
new_exc = Exception(msg)
raise new_exc.__class__, new_exc, self.exc[2]
Python 3.x:
The 3 argument form for raise is gone in Python 3, so change the last line to:
raise new_exc.with_traceback(self.exc[2])

concurrent.futures.as_completed
https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futures.as_completed
The following solution:
returns to the main thread immediately when an exception is called
requires no extra user defined classes because it does not need:
an explicit Queue
to add an except else around your work thread
Source:
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import concurrent.futures
import time
def func_that_raises(do_raise):
for i in range(3):
print(i)
time.sleep(0.1)
if do_raise:
raise Exception()
for i in range(3):
print(i)
time.sleep(0.1)
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor:
futures = []
futures.append(executor.submit(func_that_raises, False))
futures.append(executor.submit(func_that_raises, True))
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
print(repr(future.exception()))
Possible output:
0
0
1
1
2
2
0
Exception()
1
2
None
It is unfortunately not possible to kill futures to cancel the others as one fails:
concurrent.futures; Python: concurrent.futures How to make it cancelable?
threading: Is there any way to kill a Thread?
C pthreads: Kill Thread in Pthread Library
If you do something like:
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
if future.exception() is not None:
raise future.exception()
then the with catches it, and waits for the second thread to finish before continuing. The following behaves similarly:
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
future.result()
since future.result() re-raises the exception if one occurred.
If you want to quit the entire Python process, you might get away with os._exit(0), but this likely means you need a refactor.
Custom class with perfect exception semantics
I ended up coding the perfect interface for myself at: The right way to limit maximum number of threads running at once? section "Queue example with error handling". That class aims to be both convenient, and give you total control over submission and result / error handling.
Tested on Python 3.6.7, Ubuntu 18.04.

In Python 3.8, we can use threading.excepthook to hook the uncaught exceptions in all the child threads! For example,
threading.excepthook = thread_exception_handler
Referer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/60002752/5093308

What im doing is, simple overriding join and run method of the Thread:
class RaisingThread(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
self._exc = None
try:
super().run()
except Exception as e:
self._exc = e
def join(self, timeout=None):
super().join(timeout=timeout)
if self._exc:
raise self._exc
Used as followed:
def foo():
time.sleep(2)
print('hi, from foo!')
raise Exception('exception from foo')
t = RaisingThread(target=foo)
t.start()
try:
t.join()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
Result:
hi, from foo!
exception from foo!

This was a nasty little problem, and I'd like to throw my solution in. Some other solutions I found (async.io for example) looked promising but also presented a bit of a black box. The queue / event loop approach sort of ties you to a certain implementation. The concurrent futures source code, however, is around only 1000 lines, and easy to comprehend. It allowed me to easily solve my problem: create ad-hoc worker threads without much setup, and to be able to catch exceptions in the main thread.
My solution uses the concurrent futures API and threading API. It allows you to create a worker which gives you both the thread and the future. That way, you can join the thread to wait for the result:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start()
thread.join()
print(worker.future.result())
...or you can let the worker just send a callback when done:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start(lambda x: print('callback', x))
...or you can loop until the event completes:
worker = Worker(test)
thread = worker.start()
while True:
print("waiting")
if worker.future.done():
exc = worker.future.exception()
print('exception?', exc)
result = worker.future.result()
print('result', result)
break
time.sleep(0.25)
Here's the code:
from concurrent.futures import Future
import threading
import time
class Worker(object):
def __init__(self, fn, args=()):
self.future = Future()
self._fn = fn
self._args = args
def start(self, cb=None):
self._cb = cb
self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel()
thread = threading.Thread(target=self.run, args=())
thread.daemon = True #this will continue thread execution after the main thread runs out of code - you can still ctrl + c or kill the process
thread.start()
return thread
def run(self):
try:
self.future.set_result(self._fn(*self._args))
except BaseException as e:
self.future.set_exception(e)
if(self._cb):
self._cb(self.future.result())
...and the test function:
def test(*args):
print('args are', args)
time.sleep(2)
raise Exception('foo')

I know I'm a bit late to the party here but I was having a very similar problem but it included using tkinter as a GUI, and the mainloop made it impossible to use any of the solutions that depend on .join(). Therefore I adapted the solution given in the EDIT of the original question, but made it more general to make it easier to understand for others.
Here is the new thread class in action:
import threading
import traceback
import logging
class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception:
logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
def test_function_1(input):
raise IndexError(input)
if __name__ == "__main__":
input = 'useful'
t1 = ExceptionThread(target=test_function_1, args=[input])
t1.start()
Of course you can always have it handle the exception some other way from logging, such as printing it out, or having it output to the console.
This allows you to use the ExceptionThread class exactly like you would the Thread class, without any special modifications.

Similar way like RickardSjogren's without Queue, sys etc. but also without some listeners to signals: execute directly an exception handler which corresponds to an except block.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import threading
class ExceptionThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, callback=None, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Redirect exceptions of thread to an exception handler.
:param callback: function to handle occured exception
:type callback: function(thread, exception)
:param args: arguments for threading.Thread()
:type args: tuple
:param kwargs: keyword arguments for threading.Thread()
:type kwargs: dict
"""
self._callback = callback
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
try:
if self._target:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except BaseException as e:
if self._callback is None:
raise e
else:
self._callback(self, e)
finally:
# Avoid a refcycle if the thread is running a function with
# an argument that has a member that points to the thread.
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs, self._callback
Only self._callback and the except block in run() is additional to normal threading.Thread.

I use this version, it's minimal and it works well.
class SafeThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(SafeThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
def run(self) -> None:
try:
super(SafeThread, self).run()
except Exception as ex:
self.exception = ex
traceback.print_exc()
def join(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
super(SafeThread, self).join(*args, **kwargs)
if self.exception:
raise self.exception
To use it, simply replace threading.Thread with SafeThread e.g
t = SafeThread(target = some_function, args = (some, args,))
t.start()
# do something else here if you want as the thread runs in the background
t.join()

As a noobie to Threading, it took me a long time to understand how to implement Mateusz Kobos's code (above). Here's a clarified version to help understand how to use it.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import threading
import Queue
class ExThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.__status_queue = Queue.Queue()
def run_with_exception(self):
"""This method should be overriden."""
raise NotImplementedError
def run(self):
"""This method should NOT be overriden."""
try:
self.run_with_exception()
except Exception:
self.__status_queue.put(sys.exc_info())
self.__status_queue.put(None)
def wait_for_exc_info(self):
return self.__status_queue.get()
def join_with_exception(self):
ex_info = self.wait_for_exc_info()
if ex_info is None:
return
else:
raise ex_info[1]
class MyException(Exception):
pass
class MyThread(ExThread):
def __init__(self):
ExThread.__init__(self)
# This overrides the "run_with_exception" from class "ExThread"
# Note, this is where the actual thread to be run lives. The thread
# to be run could also call a method or be passed in as an object
def run_with_exception(self):
# Code will function until the int
print "sleeping 5 seconds"
import time
for i in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:
print i
time.sleep(1)
# Thread should break here
int("str")
# I'm honestly not sure why these appear here? So, I removed them.
# Perhaps Mateusz can clarify?
# thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
# raise MyException("An error in thread '{}'.".format(thread_name))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# The code lives in MyThread in this example. So creating the MyThread
# object set the code to be run (but does not start it yet)
t = MyThread()
# This actually starts the thread
t.start()
print
print ("Notice 't.start()' is considered to have completed, although"
" the countdown continues in its new thread. So you code "
"can tinue into new processing.")
# Now that the thread is running, the join allows for monitoring of it
try:
t.join_with_exception()
# should be able to be replace "Exception" with specific error (untested)
except Exception, e:
print
print "Exceptioon was caught and control passed back to the main thread"
print "Do some handling here...or raise a custom exception "
thread_name = threading.current_thread().name
e = ("Caught a MyException in thread: '" +
str(thread_name) +
"' [" + str(e) + "]")
raise Exception(e) # Or custom class of exception, such as MyException

One method I am fond of is based on the observer pattern. I define a signal class which my thread uses to emit exceptions to listeners. It can also be used to return values from threads. Example:
import threading
class Signal:
def __init__(self):
self._subscribers = list()
def emit(self, *args, **kwargs):
for func in self._subscribers:
func(*args, **kwargs)
def connect(self, func):
self._subscribers.append(func)
def disconnect(self, func):
try:
self._subscribers.remove(func)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError('Function {0} not removed from {1}'.format(func, self))
class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(WorkerThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.Exception = Signal()
self.Result = Signal()
def run(self):
if self._Thread__target is not None:
try:
self._return_value = self._Thread__target(*self._Thread__args, **self._Thread__kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.Exception.emit(e)
else:
self.Result.emit(self._return_value)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import time
def handle_exception(exc):
print exc.message
def handle_result(res):
print res
def a():
time.sleep(1)
raise IOError('a failed')
def b():
time.sleep(2)
return 'b returns'
t = WorkerThread(target=a)
t2 = WorkerThread(target=b)
t.Exception.connect(handle_exception)
t2.Result.connect(handle_result)
t.start()
t2.start()
print 'Threads started'
t.join()
t2.join()
print 'Done'
I do not have enough experience of working with threads to claim that this is a completely safe method. But it has worked for me and I like the flexibility.

A simple way of catching thread's exception and communicating back to the caller method could be by passing dictionary or a list to worker method.
Example (passing dictionary to worker method):
import threading
def my_method(throw_me):
raise Exception(throw_me)
def worker(shared_obj, *args, **kwargs):
try:
shared_obj['target'](*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as err:
shared_obj['err'] = err
shared_obj = {'err':'', 'target': my_method}
throw_me = "Test"
th = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(shared_obj, throw_me), kwargs={})
th.start()
th.join()
if shared_obj['err']:
print(">>%s" % shared_obj['err'])

Wrap Thread with exception storage.
import threading
import sys
class ExcThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, target, args = None):
self.args = args if args else []
self.target = target
self.exc = None
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
def run(self):
try:
self.target(*self.args)
raise Exception('An error occured here.')
except Exception:
self.exc=sys.exc_info()
def main():
def hello(name):
print(!"Hello, {name}!")
thread_obj = ExcThread(target=hello, args=("Jack"))
thread_obj.start()
thread_obj.join()
exc = thread_obj.exc
if exc:
exc_type, exc_obj, exc_trace = exc
print(exc_type, ':',exc_obj, ":", exc_trace)
main()

I like this class:
https://gist.github.com/earonesty/b88d60cb256b71443e42c4f1d949163e
import threading
from typing import Any
class PropagatingThread(threading.Thread):
"""A Threading Class that raises errors it caught, and returns the return value of the target on join."""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._target = None
self._args = ()
self._kwargs = {}
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
self.return_value = None
assert self._target
def run(self):
"""Don't override this if you want the behavior of this class, use target instead."""
try:
if self._target:
self.return_value = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.exception = e
finally:
# see super().run() for why this is necessary
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
def join(self, timeout=None) -> Any:
super().join(timeout)
if self.exception:
raise self.exception
return self.return_value

Using naked excepts is not a good practice because you usually catch more than you bargain for.
I would suggest modifying the except to catch ONLY the exception that you would like to handle. I don't think that raising it has the desired effect, because when you go to instantiate TheThread in the outer try, if it raises an exception, the assignment is never going to happen.
Instead you might want to just alert on it and move on, such as:
def run(self):
try:
shul.copytree(self.sourceFolder, self.destFolder)
except OSError, err:
print err
Then when that exception is caught, you can handle it there. Then when the outer try catches an exception from TheThread, you know it won't be the one you already handled, and will help you isolate your process flow.

I think the other solutions are somewhat complex if the only thing you want is to actually see somewhere the exception instead of being oblivious and totally blind.
The solution is to create a custom Thread that takes a logger from the main thread and logs any exceptions.
class ThreadWithLoggedException(threading.Thread):
"""
Similar to Thread but will log exceptions to passed logger.
Args:
logger: Logger instance used to log any exception in child thread
Exception is also reachable via <thread>.exception from the main thread.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
try:
self.logger = kwargs.pop("logger")
except KeyError:
raise Exception("Missing 'logger' in kwargs")
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.exception = None
def run(self):
try:
if self._target is not None:
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
except Exception as exception:
thread = threading.current_thread()
self.exception = exception
self.logger.exception(f"Exception in child thread {thread}: {exception}")
finally:
del self._target, self._args, self._kwargs
Example:
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())
def serve():
raise Exception("Earth exploded.")
th = ThreadWithLoggedException(target=serve, logger=logger)
th.start()
Output in main thread:
Exception in child thread <ThreadWithLoggedException(Thread-1, started 139922384414464)>: Earth exploded.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/core/utils.py", line 108, in run
self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
File "/myapp.py", line 105, in serve
raise Exception("Earth exploded.")
Exception: Earth exploded.

pygolang provides sync.WorkGroup which, in particular, propagates exception from spawned worker threads to the main thread. For example:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""This program demostrates how with sync.WorkGroup an exception raised in
spawned thread is propagated into main thread which spawned the worker."""
from __future__ import print_function
from golang import sync, context
def T1(ctx, *argv):
print('T1: run ... %r' % (argv,))
raise RuntimeError('T1: problem')
def T2(ctx):
print('T2: ran ok')
def main():
wg = sync.WorkGroup(context.background())
wg.go(T1, [1,2,3])
wg.go(T2)
try:
wg.wait()
except Exception as e:
print('Tmain: caught exception: %r\n' %e)
# reraising to see full traceback
raise
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
gives the following when run:
T1: run ... ([1, 2, 3],)
T2: ran ok
Tmain: caught exception: RuntimeError('T1: problem',)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./x.py", line 28, in <module>
main()
File "./x.py", line 21, in main
wg.wait()
File "golang/_sync.pyx", line 198, in golang._sync.PyWorkGroup.wait
pyerr_reraise(pyerr)
File "golang/_sync.pyx", line 178, in golang._sync.PyWorkGroup.go.pyrunf
f(pywg._pyctx, *argv, **kw)
File "./x.py", line 10, in T1
raise RuntimeError('T1: problem')
RuntimeError: T1: problem
The original code from the question would be just:
wg = sync.WorkGroup(context.background())
def _(ctx):
shul.copytree(sourceFolder, destFolder)
wg.go(_)
# waits for spawned worker to complete and, on error, reraises
# its exception on the main thread.
wg.wait()