I have been using TCL code, but i want use my all TCL packages/code in python pytest. Is it possible? If yes please let me know the process to accomplish this task.
Thanks
Malli
If you have python and need to run Tcl code, the easy way is to use Python's tkinter module, which is a wrapper around Tcl/Tk.
See the basic examples at https://wiki.python.org/moin/How%20Tkinter%20can%20exploit%20Tcl/Tk%20extensions
import Tkinter
root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.tk.eval('source {foo.tcl}')
root.tk.eval('foo_bar')
there are some parts that can be a little tricky, like moving data between those two, but if you mostly just call a few procedures, it works quite well.
Depending on how flow control works in your python scripts, you might not be able to use event loop related code (fileevent, after, etc.) without some changes like calling tkinters mainloop.
You can find some more exotic options in the answers to Know any creative ways to interface Python with Tcl?
Related
How can I call a python function from an advanced scripting voice command in Dragon NaturallySpeaking?
I don't want to use a third-party application such as dragonfly or NatLink (paper).
So, one way is to compile it. You can put a bunch of functions that do different things all into the same program and pass along appropriate arguments to select the function you want, and pass the parameters along. Returning the result can be tricky, though, but I usually use the Clipboard (so copy the py output to clip and read from clip in Dragon). Multi-word params need to have spaces escaped (%20) and process it inside your py.
Something like this:
ShellExecute "path\program.exe myFunc myPar1, my%20Par%202", 6 ' 6 runs minimized
Wait 1
myVar = Clipboard
Hth,
Warning: This is not an answer. I am not a programmer. I don't know any Python and have no way of testing it.
This is just a suggestion on how to solve this problem. I don't know where else to put this. I'd put it in a comment, but it allows no screenshots. Please edit and suggest as you wish.
There is answer on SO that deals with calling Python from Excel, which is a similar concept: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3569988/2101890. I am trying to use that here but don't know how.
When using commands in another programming language, you can sometimes add them by adding a reference in the MyCommands Editor. You can reference DLLs and other "stuff". Some references to libraries appear automatically. I've installed Python and hoped to find Python in the References, but no such luck:
There is no Python entry here that I can find. You may have better luck. If you do find something, check the box and see if you can add python commands without causing an error when saving the command.
Maybe you can browse to %localappdata%\Programs\Python\Python36\ and add some of the DLLs from there and call Python commands from there. Or try getting it to work in the way described under 1.
There's something I'm trying to do with wxPython and I can't figure out how. (I'm on Windows 7 and I'm okay with a Windows-only solution.)
I want to catch key events globally. This means key-up, key-down and char events. (I'm trying to build something like AHK in Python.)
Now, I know wxPython allows global hotkeys, but that's not satisfactory, because I want to get all the events, including key up, key down and char. How can I do that?
I tried using pyHook, which almost worked except char events aren't implemented. Char events seem to be tricky and I want to know how to capture them globally. (i.e. in all apps.) I'm also okay with solutions that use other tools except wxPython. (Except not a separate GUI framework, I'm happy with using wxPython for the GUI, just tools for capturing the char events.)
Sorry, but you can't catch WM_CHAR events directly from a Python executable. You will need to write a native Windows DLL to hook WH_GETMESSAGE and then separately notify your Python process that a key was pressed.
As you can see here the way to catch WM_CHAR is to catch the events read by GetMessage() using the WH_GETMESSAGE hook. Sadly, any global hook for that message must be able to run in the context of any process and so has to be implemented as a DLL (as mandated by the API docs). That means you cannot do this inside your Python process. This is also covered in the Python win32 archives here.
That means you need to write a native DLL to hook the messages and then use your favourite form of IPC (e.g. Post a message to another window) to pass any interesting events to your Python process.
If you really just want Python bindings for AutoHotKey, you could use pyahk to do this for you.
The free and open source screen reader for Windows, NVDA, implements this functionality. Perhaps take a look at how they accomplish it?
Source: winInputHook.py
PyWin32 has SetWindowsHook which might work according to this thread. You might be able to use ctypes, although I haven't found any good examples as of yet.
I also found this project which looks promising:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyUserInput
This may not be an ideal solution, but have tried including some pygame code?
Pygame is a module used to build games (as the name suggests), but it has some nice functions for getting keypresses.
This tutorial shows how to get keyboard input, it also has pygame do some grpahical stuff, but you don't need to have any of that to get key presses.
http://www.nerdparadise.com/tech/python/pygame/basics/part6/
And here is a list of the key codes pygame uses.
https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/key.html
I'm kinda new to programming, and I wanna write a simple program that needs to OCR a particular window. Currently, I'm using (w.GetForegroundWindow()), but that gets me the current window which would always be the Python shell, since that is the one that is active when I run it, even if it is for a split second only.
After searching around for a bit, I found the .Getwindows function, but not much of it on Python. What does it do, and what are the parameters? Will i be able to target a particular process (=window) with it? If not, what can I use then?
This is using the pywin32 module on Python 2.7 in Windows
I'm in Windows, Python 2.7 . The GetWindows function comes with the module pywin32, if im not wrong
The usual way is to call EnumWindows with a callback and then get information about each hwnd - for example name, title or window class. Check that against what you are looking for and save the matched hwnd. After EnumWindows returns, check that you found a valid hwnd and use that for your program.
It's not pleasant - there's not much support for this kind of thing in windows. I've heard that using accessibility features is better but I have no experience using that.
Ok i have these commands used in batch and i wanted to know the commands in python that would have a similar affect, just to be clear i dont want to just use os.system("command here") for each of them. For example in batch if you wanted a list of commands you would type help but in python you would type help() and then modules... I am not trying to use batch in a python script, i just wanna know the similarities in both languages. Like in english you say " Hello" but in french you say "Bonjour" not mix the two languages. (heres the list of commands/functions id like to know:
change the current directory
clear the screen in the console
change the prompt to something other than >>>
how to make a loop function
redirections/pipes
start an exteral program (like notepad or paint) from within a script
how to call or import another python script
how to get help with a specific module without having to type help()
#8: (in batch it would be command /?)
EDITED COMPLETELY
Thanks in Adnvance!
You can't just mechanically translate batch script to Python and hope that it works. It's a different language, with different idioms and ways of doing things, not to mention the different purpose.
I've listed some functions related to what you want below, but there's no substitute for just going and learning Python!
os.chdir
os.system("cls") is probably the simplest solution
Change sys.ps1 and sys.ps2.
Nope, there are no gotos in Python. Use for and while loops instead.
Doesn't make sense, use Python's IO instead.
subprocess.Popen
Doesn't make sense, use import or subprocess.Popen instead.
help
Most of the things you've mentioned (start, cls etc.) are not "batch commands", they're executable programs which perform certain tasks. The DOS "shell" simply executes these when it encounters them in a file. In this sense, "python" is the equivalent of a single executable (like cls).
Now that that's clear, cd (and most other OS specific tasks) are accomplished using the os module. There's no single Python statement to clear the screen - that would be wasteful. Changing the prompt of the python interpreter can be done by assigning to sys.ps1. Loops are done using while or for. Redirection doesn't happen. YOu can however use the subprocess module to run subcommands and send their outputs to files or other streams. Starting commands is done using the subprocess.Popen function. For getting help, you can either do help("command") or if you're using ipython, just say command? and hit enter.
You should really go through the tutorial rather than trying to map batch commands to Python.
The Python docs are excellent, and are the place to start. For doing shell-script like things, you'll want to check out:
http://docs.python.org/library/os.html?module-os
http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html#module-os.path
http://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html#module-shutil
http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess
Python is not a system shell, Python is a multi-paradigm programming language.
If you want to compare .bat with anything, compare it with sh or bash. (You can have those on various platforms too - for example, sh for windows is in the MinGW package).
I am pretty much facing the same problem as you, daniel11. As a solution, I am learning BATCH commands and their meaning. After I understand those, I am going to write a program in Python that does the same or accomplishes the same task.
Thanks to Adam V. and katrielatex for their insight and suggestions.
I'm setting up a web application to use IronPython for scripting various user actions and I'll be exposing various business objects ready for accessing by the script. I want to make it impossible for the user to import the CLR or other assemblies in order to keep the script's capabilities simple and restricted to the functionality I expose in my business objects.
How do I prevent the CLR and other assemblies/modules from being imported?
This would prevent imports of both python modules and .Net objects so may not be what you want. (I'm relatively new to Python so I might be missing some things as well):
Setup the environment.
Import anything you need the user to have access to.
Either prepend to their script or execute:
__builtins__.__import__ = None #Stops imports working
reload = None #Stops reloading working (specifically stops them reloading builtins
#giving back an unbroken __import___!
then execute their script.
You'll have to search the script for the imports you don't want them to use, and reject the script in toto if it contains any of them.
Basically, just reject the script if it contains Assembly.Load, import or AddReference.
You might want to implement the protection using Microsoft's Code Access Security. I myself am not fully aware of its workings (or how to make it work with IPy), but its something which I feel you should consider.
There's a discussion thread on the IPy mailing list which you might want to look at. The question asked is similar to yours.
If you'd like to disable certain built-in modules I'd suggest filing a feature request over at ironpython.codeplex.com. This should be an easy enough thing to implement.
Otherwise you could simply look at either Importer.cs and disallow the import there or you could simply delete ClrModule.cs from IronPython and re-build (and potentially remove any references to it).
In case anyone comes across this thread from google still (like i did)
I managed to disable 'import clr' in python scripts by commenting out the line
//[assembly: PythonModule("clr", typeof(IronPython.Runtime.ClrModule))]
in ClrModule.cs, but i'm not convinced this is a full solution to preventing unwanted access, since you will still need to override things like the file builtin.