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In Playwright (Python) when there are multiple buttons on a page, all with the same name, how do i select correct button?

If I am implementing string locators, such as:
continue_button: str = "button:has-text(\"Continue\")"
If there are multiple buttons on the same page that say continue, but are for different paths, how do I select the correct continue... is there a way to add an index to that string locator?

There is several good practices for creating locators/selectors.
Using playwright there is official documentation for each common and unique selector on how-to and what-is doing.
More information in https://playwright.dev/docs/selectors#text-selector
About your case, i would suggest always to use an parent selector for locating an element.
When there is a button, try to find its unique parent.
By id
By unique class
Something else unique.
Example:
<dv id=test>
<button id=continue-test>Continue</button>
</div>
In this case you can use the unique id of the button and not the text.
Selector css: #continue-test
But if you, don't have an unique identifier for the button you can use the parent and go down to the button.
Selector css: #test > button
Matching text using css is not possible, but with XPATH can look like this:
//button[text()="Continue"]
This selector MATCHES the text using "equals".
Using playwright:
button:has-text("Continue")
Using has-text and quotes - matches the text using equals.
If you are using another selector for example text=Continue, this will match all elements that CONTAINS the text "Continue"
All this is explained with example in the official documentation for playwright selectors.
That does not mean to not use XPATH to achieve the goals.
CSS selectors are fast but kind of restricted to work with text.
Xpath is quite slower but much more powerful to work in text/parent/child elements etc.
I would suggest always to use an parent element with unique identifier and go down to reach your actual element, which will receive the interaction.

The fact that I love Playwright is because of scenarios like this and how easily it can be handled.
If you have a string named abc and there are multiple occurrences of that string on a single page, then you can use the nth-match criteria to pick the nth element.
For eg ,
await page.locator(':nth-match(:text("abc"), 3)').click();
will select the 3rd occurrence of the word abc. Similarly, in your case, if you want to select the first or second or third, you can simply do
await page.locator(':nth-match(:text("Continue"), 1)').click();
await page.locator(':nth-match(:text("Continue"), 2)').click();
await page.locator(':nth-match(:text("Continue"), 3)').click();
Please refer to the Selectors documentation for Playwright -> Selectors
This is different than the nth-child concept as mentioned
Unlike :nth-child(), elements do not have to be siblings, they could
be anywhere on the page. In the snippet above, all three buttons match
:text("Buy") selector, and :nth-match() selects the third button.

Get the List of Multiple Element with Same ClassName

I'd like to crawl every case whose Panel Reoport has already composed from the WTO official page.
and
As you can check at the above image (or refer to
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_status_e.htm,
Every case is indexed with "DS XXX" and right at the below it denotes whether the "Panel Composed" or still yet "in Consultation".
If I inspect, they all share the same
<p class = "panel-text-simple">
So I had tried following two commands:
elem_info = driver.find_element_by_class_name("panel-title-simple")
elem_info = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//p[#class='panel-title-simple']");
but every one of them only gives me the top most case, the most recent one.
I have to locate every case's info, then should make a for-loop to check whether the panel composed or not.
How could I do that?

Use find_elements (note the 's'). This returns a list that you can then loop through:
documents = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("panel-title-simple");
for document in documents
# continue with your code

You can use the XPath below to get all the LIs that have a current status of 'Panel composed'
//li[.//p[contains(.,'Panel composed')]]
From there you can get the DS number
.//small
or the details
./p
and so on.

Unable to find element using the following Xpath

I am trying to find the input type with statusid_103408 and with text() Draft
here is the xpath i am using, not sure where I am going wrong
//input[#name='statusid_103408' and contains(text(), 'Draft')]

The reason this xpath does not work is because the text of "Draft" is not actually a property of the input element. It is contained in the li element that is the parent. Therefore, your search is returning no results.
I suggest just using the name only in your xpath search (if it unique). If you definitely need the text in your search, you can search the li item's text first, then find your input, like so:
//li[text()='Draft']/input[#name='statusid_103408']

Use Value it will work , because value is unique, text is not inside the input tag!

In Selenium, how do I include a specific node [1] using find_elements_by_css_selector()

In the case that I want the first use of class so I don't have to guess the find_elements_by_xpath(), what are my options for this? The goal is to write less code, assuring any changes to the source I am scraping can be fixed easily. Is it possible to essentially
find_elements_by_css_selector('source[1]')
This code does not work as is though.
I am using selenium with Python and will likely be using phantomJS as the webdriver (Firefox for testing).

In CSS Selectors, square brackets select attributes, so your sample code is trying to select the 'source' type element with an attribute named 1, eg
<source 1="your_element" />
Whereas I gather you're trying to find the first in a list that looks like this:
<source>Blah</source>
<source>Rah</source>
If you just want the first matching element, you can use the singular form:
element = find_element_by_css_selector("source")
The form you were using returns a list, so you're also able to get the n-1th element to find the nth instance on the page (Lists index from 0):
element = find_elements_by_css_selector("source")[0]
Finally, if you want your CSS selectors to be completely explicit in which element they're finding, you can use the nth-of-type selector:
element = find_element_by_css_selector("source:nth-of-type(1)")
You might find some other helpful information at this blog post from Sauce Labs to help you write flexible selectors to replace your XPath.

Need xpath locators for visible elements

I'm trying to make a test for my site. Having troubles on some user form. The trick is, that the number of text fields in the form varies depending in user options (disabled ones are present in the code, but have a style <displayed: none;> tag), so I'm trying to find more flexible approach than locating every element one-by-one and filling the forms with try/except blocks.
I'm using an xpath locator
text_fields = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[#class='form-line']/div[#class='form-inputs']/input[#type='text' and not(ancestor::div[#style='display: none;'])]")
The trouble is that firebug locates only needed elements, but when I use it my selenium script, printing the list of text_fields gives me all the elements, even without a <displayed: none;> tag
How can I get only visible elements?
PS Sorry for my bad English ^_^

You can get all the form elements the usual way, then iterate on the list and remove those elements that do not return true on is_displayed().

Try the contains() method:
text_fields = driver.find_elements_by_xpath(
"//div[#class='form-line']/div[#class='form-inputs']/input[#type='text' and
not(ancestor::div[contains(#style, 'display: none;')])]")
The important part is:
div[contains(#style, 'display: none;')]
Note, that if the style contains the string display:none; or display:none, the selector won't match.

I use the following and it works great.
self.assertTrue(driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[#id='game_icons']/div/div[2]/div/a/img"))
This is for Selenium and Python of course.