Related
Sorry if it's an easy fix - I'm new to tkinter (and graphical applications in general), and on my way up the learning curve.
I have a simple window in grid layout, with a canvas and a few labels to the right of it. They're positioned and sized correctly - but when I resize the window to the right, they DO expand over, but only about half way (i.e., for every 2 pixels to the right I expand the window, they widgets only expand by 1). I have their respective columns weighted, as well as the parent frame's column weighted. I'm not sure how to remedy this, and haven't found anything similar through Googling. Below I've posted my code, and screenshots of the widgets when the application is launched vs. when I resize.
CODE
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("title")
mainframe = Frame(root)
mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
canvas = Canvas(mainframe, width=800, height=800)
canvas.grid(row=1, column=1, rowspan=3)
info_label = Label(mainframe, text='Info Label', bg='white', relief='solid', borderwidth=1)
info_label.grid(row=1, column=2, columnspan=2)
chatbox = Label(mainframe, text='Welcome to the application.', bg='white', relief='solid', borderwidth=1)
chatbox.grid(row=2, column=2, columnspan=2, sticky=(N,S,E,W))
chat_entry = Entry(mainframe)
chat_entry.grid(row=3, column=2)
chat_send = Button(mainframe, text='Send')
chat_send.grid(row=3, column=3)
mainframe.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
mainframe.rowconfigure(2, weight=1)
mainframe.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
root.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.mainloop()
SCREENSHOTS
The only positioning command that resizes according to the window size is pack().
As known, you have the following functions:
pack()
grid()
place()
By the way, I recommend using the place function and use this:
window.resizable(width=False, height=False)
This function prevent from the client the ability to resize the tkinter window.
Is there a way using Tkinter to have buttons so that they are always placed a certain number of pixels from the edge of the window, even when the window is resized? I've tried using anchors but that didn't seem to move the placement in the window that much.
You can anchor buttons or any other widget to the sides of a window by starting with a Frame, and configuring its rows and columns to have a weight of 1 in order for it to fill the parent window.
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
frame = ttk.Frame(root)
frame.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
frame.columnconfigure(index=0, weight=1)
frame.columnconfigure(index=2, weight=1)
frame.rowconfigure(index=0, weight=1)
frame.rowconfigure(index=2, weight=1)
Then, for each button you want to use sticky to anchor it to the respective side, and use padx or pady to add some padding (in pixels) between the button and the window.
top_padding = 5
top = ttk.Button(frame, text="Top")
top.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.N, pady=(top_padding, 0))
left_padding = 5
left = ttk.Button(frame, text="Left")
left.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W, padx=(left_padding, 0))
right_padding = 5
right = ttk.Button(frame, text="Right")
right.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky=tk.E, padx=(0, right_padding))
bottom_padding = 5
bottom = ttk.Button(frame, text="Bottom")
bottom.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=tk.S, pady=(0, bottom_padding))
root.mainloop()
have you tried using the padx function?
it works like this:
button=Button(place,text="something something", padx=10)
it provides with extra horizontal padding between widgets, aditionally, you could use frames with padx and an anchor so the text is fixated to a position
I'm trying to understand how tk grid layouts work since the interface isn't looking the way I thought it would. I'm trying to place a label followed by 2 buttons on the same row, and a treeview on the next row that spans beyond the width of the label and buttons. The only way to get this to look how I want is if I use a huge value for the treeview's columnspan. Here is my code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
columnHeadings = ("Heading 1", "Heading 2")
def printMsg():
print("Ok")
frame = ttk.Frame(root).grid(row=0, column=0)
label1 = tk.Label(frame, text="Label here").grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=1)
button1 = tk.Button(frame, text="Yes", width=2, command=printMsg).grid(row=0, column=1)
button2 = tk.Button(frame, text="No", width=2, command=printMsg).grid(row=0, column=2)
#Label and buttons too far apart
#treeview1 = ttk.Treeview(frame, columns=columnHeadings, show='headings').grid(row=1,column=0, columnspan=3)
#Right distance but that's a huge columnspan
treeview1 = ttk.Treeview(frame, columns=columnHeadings, show='headings').grid(row=1,column=0, columnspan=100)
root.mainloop()
When columnspan is 3, the first row has a lot of spaces between the label and buttons. When columnspan is 100, the label and button spacing looks a lot better but I know this isn't the correct way. What's the correct way to do this?
You have several things conspiring against you in this little program. For one, frame is set to None, so you are actually putting all these widgets in the root window rather than the frame. This is because x=y().z() always sets x to the result of z, and grid() always returns None.
Second, a good rule of thumb for grid is that you need to give at least one (and usually exactly one) row and one column to have a weight, so that tkinter knows how to allocate extra space. You also need to use the sticky option so that your widgets expand to fill the space that's been given them. You are using neither of these techniques.
Third, in my experience I think it makes it very hard to debug layout problems when your layout statements are scattered throughout your code. It's best to group them altogether so you can more easily visualize your layout.
Solving the problem with grid
You can solve your problem by giving column 3 a weight of 1, and then having your treeview span that column. This prevents the columns that your buttons are in from expanding. If you also fix the problem with frame being None, and if you use the appropriate sticky options, you can get the look you want.
Here's an example:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
columnHeadings = ("Heading 1", "Heading 2")
def printMsg():
print("Ok")
frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
label1 = tk.Label(frame, text="Label here")
button1 = tk.Button(frame, text="Yes", width=2, command=printMsg)
button2 = tk.Button(frame, text="No", width=2, command=printMsg)
treeview1 = ttk.Treeview(frame, columns=columnHeadings, show='headings')
label1.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=1)
button1.grid(row=0, column=1)
button2.grid(row=0, column=2)
treeview1.grid(row=1,column=0, columnspan=4, sticky="nsew")
frame.grid_columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
root.mainloop()
An alternate solution, using pack
All that being said, I think there are better solutions than to try to get everything to fit in a grid. My philosophy is to use the right tool for the job, and in this case the right tool is pack because it excels at stacking things top-to-bottom OR left-to-right (and visa versa).
In your case, you have two distinct regions in your program: a toolbar across the top, and a treeview down below. Since that's all you have, it makes sense to use pack, to place one on top of the other. So I would start by creating two frames and packing them:
toolbar = ttk.Frame(root)
treeframe = ttk.Frame(root)
toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")
treeframe.pack(side="bottom", fill="both", expand=True)
Now, anything you put in toolbar will not affect things in treeframe and visa versa. You are free to do whatever you want in each of those frames. As your program grows, you'll find that having distinct regions makes layout problems much easier to solve.
Since the toolbar contains buttons that are left-justified, you can use pack there too. Just make sure their parent is the toolbar frame, and you can pack them like this:
label1 = tk.Label(toolbar, ...)
button1 = tk.Button(toolbar, ...)
button2 = tk.Button(toolbar, ...)
label1.pack(side="left")
button1.pack(side="left")
button2.pack(side="left")
Finally, if you only have a treeview in the bottom (ie: no scrollbars or other widgets), you can use pack. Make sure it's parent is treeframe. You can use grid if you want, but pack is a bit more straight-forward.
treeview1.pack(fill="both", expand=True)
The nice thing about pack is you can truly put everything on one line. You don't have to take the extra step and give a row or column a weight.
Here's a complete example:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
root = tk.Tk()
columnHeadings = ("Heading 1", "Heading 2")
def printMsg():
print("Ok")
toolbar = ttk.Frame(root)
treeframe = ttk.Frame(root)
toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")
treeframe.pack(side="bottom", fill="both", expand=True)
label1 = tk.Label(toolbar, text="Label here")
button1 = tk.Button(toolbar, text="Yes", width=2, command=printMsg)
button2 = tk.Button(toolbar, text="No", width=2, command=printMsg)
label1.pack(side="left")
button1.pack(side="left")
button2.pack(side="left")
treeview1 = ttk.Treeview(treeframe, columns=columnHeadings, show='headings')
treeview1.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.mainloop()
I would like to display
a window
with a single Frame
and a Label in the Frame which would stretch to the whole width of the window
The following code
import Tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("100x100")
# first column of root will stretch
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
# a frame in root
upper_frame = tk.Frame(root)
# first column of upper_frame will stretch
upper_frame.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
upper_frame.grid(row=0, column=0)
# a label in upper_frame, which should stretch
mylabel = tk.Label(upper_frame)
mylabel.grid(row=0, column=0)
mylabel.configure(text="hello", background="blue")
root.mainloop()
displays
Why isn't the Label stretching to the whole width of the window but is just as wide as the text?
Specifying sticky option when you call grid (e = east, w = west). Otherwise the widget in the cell is center-aligned.
upper_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='ew')
..
mylabel.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='ew')
I'm trying to build a basic GUI using ttk / Tkinter.
I have a plotted out a basic GUI that has the right basic components, but when I try and prettify it / space it out, I'm reach my limit of getting ttk containers to play nicely...
Examples:
from Tkinter import *
import ttk
class MakeGUI(object):
def __init__(self,root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("Text Comparitor")
## build frame
self.mainframe = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="3 3 12 12")
self.mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))
self.mainframe.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.mainframe.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.mainframe.pack()
## text labels
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Conversion Truth Tester", font=("Helvetica", 32)).grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=E)
self.mainframe.pack(side="bottom", fill=BOTH, expand=True)
self.mainframe.grid()
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Source Filename:").grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Source Text:").grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Converted Text:").grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Cleaned Source:").grid(column=1, row=5, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Cleaned Converted:").grid(column=1, row=6, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Details:").grid(column=1, row=7, sticky=W)
## buttons
self.close = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Close",command=self.closeFrame).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=SE)
self.next = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Next",command=self.nextPara).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=S)
self.next = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Prev",command=self.prevPara).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=SW)
def closeFrame(self):
self.root.destroy()
def nextPara(self):
pass
def prevPara(self):
pass
def main():
root = Tk()
makeGUI = MakeGUI(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Which results in:
I've been trying to add a 2nd container object, a label frame to hold the text label objects, which results in the buttons moving further up (and so I assume I'm not referencing the labelframe into the grid properly:
from Tkinter import *
import ttk
class MakeGUI(object):
def __init__(self,root):
self.root = root
self.root.title("Text Comparitor")
## build frame
self.mainframe = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding="3 3 12 12")
self.mainframe.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(N, W, E, S))
self.mainframe.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.mainframe.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.mainframe.pack()
## text labels
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text="Conversion Truth Tester", font=("Helvetica", 32)).grid(column=1, row=1, sticky=E)
self.lfdata = ttk.Labelframe(self.root, labelwidget=self.mainframe, text='Label')#
self.lfdata.grid()
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Source Filename:").grid(column=1, row=2, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Source Text:").grid(column=1, row=3, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Converted Text:").grid(column=1, row=4, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Cleaned Source:").grid(column=1, row=5, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Cleaned Converted:").grid(column=1, row=6, sticky=W)
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text="Details:").grid(column=1, row=7, sticky=W)
## buttons
self.close = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Close",command=self.closeFrame).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=SE)
self.next = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Next",command=self.nextPara).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=S)
self.next = ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text="Prev",command=self.prevPara).grid(column=1, row=9, sticky=SW)
def closeFrame(self):
self.root.destroy()
def nextPara(self):
pass
def prevPara(self):
pass
def main():
root = Tk()
makeGUI = MakeGUI(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Which results in: Note the swap of positions between buttons abd labels, and the just about visible aspects of the labelframe.
I'm trying to get the 2nd version to 'look' like a prettier version of the 1st.
Any pointers - I've been reading around the various resources / docs, and can't find anything that fits my example (most likely - I'm doing something silly...) and nothing I've tried has worked yet - including pack(), grid() and other snippets I've found in other related examples.
There are many places that require adjustments, let us comment on them (I will probably forget about something, so be sure to check the code at bottom).
First of all, applying weights to columns/rows in the frame alone is not going to make it expand as you resize the window. You need to do it in root. After that you might want to do it in the frame, to match your expectations about the layout after a resize. In your case, what makes most sense is making every column have the same weight > 0 and only making the second row have weight > 0. The reasoning for the columns is that you have 3 buttons, and you will want them all to expand in the free space in the same way. For the second part, that is a direct observation considering that you have a Labelframe at the second row. Giving a weight > 0 for any other row is going to give you a very weird layout. Weighting issues done.
Next thing I observed was your top label with a larger font. You certainly want it to span 3 columns (again, this number 3 is related to the row of buttons you will create at a later time). You may also want the text to be centered in these 3 columns (I'm not sure about your preferences here).
Now the Labelframe you create. It is just wrong, the labelwidget option does not mean what you think it does. It specifies a Label widget to serve as the label for this label frame. Thus, specifying your main frame for this parameter makes no sense. Maybe you want to specify some text to be visible at a certain position in the label frame. Also, this label frame must be grided with a columnspan of 3 too.
For the "gridding" in general I recommend specifying the option in_, so you make clear in relation to what widget you are "gridding". With that, it becomes obvious to start at column=0, row=0 each time you deepen your widget parenting level.
Here is how I adjusted your code:
import Tkinter
import ttk
class MakeGUI(object):
def __init__(self,root):
self.root = root
self.root.title(u"Title")
## build frame
self.mainframe = ttk.Frame(self.root, padding=(6, 6, 12, 12))
self.mainframe.grid(sticky='nwse')
for column in range(3):
self.mainframe.columnconfigure(column, weight=1)
self.mainframe.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
## text labels
ttk.Label(self.mainframe, text=u"Label Title", anchor='center',
font=("Helvetica", 32)).grid(in_=self.mainframe,
column=0, row=0, columnspan=3, sticky="ew")
self.lfdata = ttk.Labelframe(self.mainframe, padding=(6, 6, 12, 12),
text='Labelframe')
self.lfdata.grid(column=0, columnspan=3, row=1, sticky='nsew')
info = (u"Source Filename", u"Source Text", u"Converted Text",
u"Cleaned Source", u"Cleaned Converted", u"Details")
for i, item in enumerate(info):
ttk.Label(self.lfdata, text=u"%s:" % item).grid(in_=self.lfdata,
column=0, row=i, sticky='w')
## buttons
btn = (u"Close", u"Next", u"Prev")
for i, item in enumerate(btn):
ttk.Button(self.mainframe, text=item).grid(in_=self.mainframe,
column=i, row=3)
def main():
root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
makeGUI = MakeGUI(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Here is how it looks when the program starts and after some resizing: