I am generating a heat map with data that has a fixed outlier number and I need to show these outliers as a colour out of the colour palette of the cmap I use which is "hot". With the use of cmap.set_bad('green') and np.ma.masked_values(data, outlier), I get a plot which looks right but the color bar is not getting synced with the data properly even if I use cmap.set_over('green').
Here is the code I have been trying:
plt.xlim(0,35)
plt.ylim(0,35)
img=plt.imshow(data, interpolation='none',norm=norm, cmap=cmap,vmax=outlier)
cb_ax=fig.add_axes([0.85, 0.1, 0.03, 0.8])
cb=mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(cb_ax,cmap=cmap,norm=norm,extend='both',spacing='uniform')
cmap.set_over('green')
cmap.set_under('green')
Here is the data (outlier is 1.69 obviously):
Data;A;B;C;D;E;F;G;H;I;J;K
A;1.2;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
B;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
C;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0.45;1.69;1.69;0.92
D;1;0;-0.7;-1.2;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
E;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
F;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
G;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
H;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
I;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
J;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
K;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
Appreciate any help
What's happening is that you're using a masked array where the outliers are masked.
Therefore, they don't show up on the colorbar as being "over". (i.e. as far as matplotlib is concerned, the masked values are invalid, not over the threshold)
As a stand-alone example to reproduce your problem:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
threshold = 0.8
data = np.random.random((10,10))
data = np.ma.masked_greater(data, threshold)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
im = ax.imshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.hot, interpolation='none')
cbar = fig.colorbar(im, extend='max')
cbar.cmap.set_over('green')
plt.show()
If we simply don't make this a masked array, and instead specify the vmax kwarg to imshow:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
threshold = 0.8
data = np.random.random((10,10))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
im = ax.imshow(data, cmap=plt.cm.hot, interpolation='none', vmax=threshold)
cbar = fig.colorbar(im, extend='max')
cbar.cmap.set_over('green')
plt.show()
Basically, this is the difference between set_over (or under) and set_bad.
If you did still want to use a masked array, you could just call cbar.cmap.set_bad('green') as well as set_over, and you'd get the effect you want (though all "bad" values, not just ones over the threshold, would be green). If you take that route, you'll need to manually specify the vmax. Otherwise it will be taken as the maximum of the unmasked portions of the array.
I think you need to set extend to "both" and feed in a Normalize object:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas
from io import StringIO # python 3
#from StringIO import StringIO # python 2
datastring = StringIO("""\
Data;A;B;C;D;E;F;G;H;I;J;K
A;1.2;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
B;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
C;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0.45;1.69;1.69;0.92
D;1;0;-0.7;-1.2;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
E;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
F;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
G;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
H;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
I;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
J;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69;1.69
K;0;0;0;0;0;1.69;0;0;1.69;1.69;0
""")
threshold = 1.68
data = pandas.read_table(datastring, sep=';', index_col='Data')
cmap = mpl.cm.coolwarm
norm = mpl.colors.Normalize(vmin=-1 * threshold, vmax=threshold)
cmap.set_over('slategray')
cmap.set_under('forestgreen')
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.set_aspect('equal')
cb_ax=fig.add_axes([0.85, 0.1, 0.03, 0.8])
img = ax.imshow(data, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, interpolation='none')
cb = mpl.colorbar.ColorbarBase(cb_ax, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, extend='both')
Gives me:
Related
I am reading the following discussion:
setting axis scale in matplotlib contour plot
From the discussion above, to get arbitrary ratio, we could use
plt.figure(figsize=(8,2))
# ...
plt.tight_layout()
However, this setting is for figure not for contourf.
I used the above codes in my codes
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import math
rm = pd.read_excel("test_3d.xlsx", header = None)
# find min values of noise
rec = np.shape(rm)
# grid
X = np.arange(1,rec[1]+1,1)
Y = np.arange(1,rec[0]+1,1)
x , y = np.meshgrid(X,Y)
# plots
plt.clf()
con = plt.contourf(x,y,rm, cmap=cm.jet)
plt.figure(figsize=(8,2))
plt.tight_layout()
plt.title('2457MHz')
plt.show()
The result I got is
The ratio of bottom plot is what I want; however, I use plt.figure(figsize=(8,2)), which is not for contourf. Therefore, I did not get the correct result.
Is there any way that I can plot arbitrary ratio for contourf?
Instead of setting the figsize, use Axes.set_aspect to change the aspect ratio of the contour plot's Axes:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.contourf(x, y, rm, cmap='viridis')
ax.set_aspect(0.25)
If you prefer to stick with the plt syntax, access the Axes using plt.gca:
plt.contourf(x, y, rm, cmap='viridis')
plt.gca().set_aspect(0.25)
I would like to change the transparency of the grid in matplotlib 3d plot.
But I find that it is not as easy as in 2d, which is simply plt.grid(alpha=0.2).
Here I give a mini code
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.random.randn(3, 100)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')
ax.scatter(data[0], data[1], data[2])
# How to change the grid transparency?
plt.show()
How to set the transparency of the x,y,z-grids?
I have tried:
Using ax.zaxis._axinfo['grid'].update({"alpha": 0.1}). But it appears that it does not have the key alpha.
I checked the source code of ax.grid() here in github. From the comments, it seems that the alpha functionality is not implemented for 3d case at all.
plt.grid does not seem to do anything for 3d plots. But you can set the color as a RGB+Alpha tuple using rcparams:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# fourth parameter is alpha=0.1
plt.rcParams['grid.color'] = (0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.1)
data = np.random.randn(3, 100)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection ="3d")
ax.scatter(data[0], data[1], data[2])
plt.show()
Result:
Say I have the following plot:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
np.random.seed(1)
data = np.sort(np.random.rand(8,12))
plt.figure()
c = plt.pcolor(data, edgecolors='k', linewidths=4, cmap='Blues', vmin=0.0, vmax=1.0)
plt.colorbar(c)
plt.show()
The colorbar has the (almost) white color assigned to the lowest values. How do I make it slightly darker? I want that instead of the colorbar ranging from white to blue, it should range from light blue to dark blue. Like, the color for the value 0 should be something like what it is for the value 0.4 in the plot above.
I found this when searching about it, but the question (and the solutions) is about making all the colors darker, which is not what I am looking for.
Although the suggestion of #user3483203 is very good, you do re-interpolate the colormap. You could avoid this by first getting the colormap as a matrix of colors (based on the original interpolation) and then select a part of this matrix as your new colormap:
import matplotlib as mpl
cmap = mpl.cm.Blues(np.linspace(0,1,20))
cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(cmap[10:,:-1])
Your example then becomes
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
cmap = mpl.cm.Blues(np.linspace(0,1,20))
cmap = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(cmap[10:,:-1])
np.random.seed(1)
data = np.sort(np.random.rand(8,12))
plt.figure()
c = plt.pcolor(data, edgecolors='k', linewidths=4, cmap=cmap, vmin=0.0, vmax=1.0)
plt.colorbar(c)
plt.show()
which gives
which is in this case probably equivalent to re-interpolated colormap, as Blues itself comes from some interpolation.
For other colormaps the results may be quite different. For example, for jet:
No new interpolation, but just a subset of the original colormap (i.e. current solution):
Using re-interpolation (i.e. #user3483203's solution):
Simply define your own custom colormap:
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap
colors = [(0.6, 0.76, 0.98), (0, 0.21, 0.46)] # Experiment with this
cm = LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list('test', colors, N=10)
Then just plug it in for the cmap parameter:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
np.random.seed(1)
data = np.sort(np.random.rand(8,12))
plt.figure()
c = plt.pcolor(data, edgecolors='k', linewidths=4, cmap=cm, vmin=0.0, vmax=1.0)
plt.colorbar(c)
plt.show()
And the result:
Using set_clim is a simple way to get your colors adjusted the way you probably want:
c.set_clim(-0.5, 1.0)
This sets the color limit (first value is vmin and second is vmax).
↳ https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.clim.html
I am using the following snippet to create a custom colorbar:
import pylab as pl
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[0,10000,100000,400000,500000]])
pl.figure(figsize=(9, 1.5))
mycmap = colors.ListedColormap(['yellow','orange','red','darkred'])
img = pl.imshow(a, cmap=mycmap)
pl.gca().set_visible(False)
cax = pl.axes([0.1, 0.2, 0.8, 0.6])
cbar=pl.colorbar(orientation='horizontal', cax=cax,spacing='proportional');
cbar.set_ticks([0,10000,100000,400000,500000])
cbar.set_ticklabels(['0','10000','100000','400000','500000'])
This is giving me a colorbar with regular intervals, although I have specified spacing='proportional':
The intended result is, instead:
0-10000: yellow
10001-100000: orange
100001-400000: red
400001-500000: dark red
What am I doing wrong?
As can be seen when not turning the axes invisible, the colorbar is correctly representing the color of the data in the image.
If this is not what you want you should start by establishing how the data is represented in the image. Introducing a Normalization for the data to the colormap range is usually the way this is accomplished. Here a BoundaryNorm makes sense.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[0,10000,100000,400000,500000]])
plt.figure(figsize=(4, 2.5))
mycmap = matplotlib.colors.ListedColormap(['yellow','orange','red','darkred'])
norm = matplotlib.colors.BoundaryNorm(a[0], len(a[0])-1)
img = plt.imshow(a, cmap=mycmap, norm=norm)
cax = plt.axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.1])
cbar=plt.colorbar(orientation='horizontal', cax=cax,spacing='proportional');
plt.show()
This now gives a meaningful representation with ticks at the edges of the colorranges.
I want to make 4 imshow subplots but all of them share the same colormap. Matplotlib automatically adjusts the scale on the colormap depending on the entries of the matrices. For example, if one of my matrices has all entires as 10 and the other one has all entries equal to 5 and I use the Greys colormap then one of my subplots should be completely black and the other one should be completely grey. But both of them end up becoming completely black. How to make all the subplots share the same scale on the colormap?
To get this right you need to have all the images with the same intensity scale, otherwise the colorbar() colours are meaningless. To do that, use the vmin and vmax arguments of imshow(), and make sure they are the same for all your images.
E.g., if the range of values you want to show goes from 0 to 10, you can use the following:
import pylab as plt
import numpy as np
my_image1 = np.linspace(0, 10, 10000).reshape(100,100)
my_image2 = np.sqrt(my_image1.T) + 3
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(my_image1, vmin=0, vmax=10, cmap='jet', aspect='auto')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.imshow(my_image2, vmin=0, vmax=10, cmap='jet', aspect='auto')
plt.colorbar()
When the ranges of data (data1 and data2) sets are unknown and you want to use the same colour bar for both/all plots, find the overall minimum and maximum to use as vmin and vmax in the call to imshow:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2)
# generate randomly populated arrays
data1 = np.random.rand(10,10)*10
data2 = np.random.rand(10,10)*10 -7.5
# find minimum of minima & maximum of maxima
minmin = np.min([np.min(data1), np.min(data2)])
maxmax = np.max([np.max(data1), np.max(data2)])
im1 = axes[0].imshow(data1, vmin=minmin, vmax=maxmax,
extent=(-5,5,-5,5), aspect='auto', cmap='viridis')
im2 = axes[1].imshow(data2, vmin=minmin, vmax=maxmax,
extent=(-5,5,-5,5), aspect='auto', cmap='viridis')
# add space for colour bar
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.85)
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0.88, 0.15, 0.04, 0.7])
fig.colorbar(im2, cax=cbar_ax)
It may be that you don't know beforehand the ranges of your data, but you may know that somehow they are compatible. In that case, you may prefer to let matplotlib choose those ranges for the first plot and use the same range for the remaining plots. Here is how you can do it. The key is to get the limits with properties()['clim']
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
my_image1 = np.linspace(0, 10, 10000).reshape(100,100)
my_image2 = np.sqrt(my_image1.T) + 3
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2)
im = axes[0].imshow(my_image1)
clim=im.properties()['clim']
axes[1].imshow(my_image2, clim=clim)
fig.colorbar(im, ax=axes.ravel().tolist(), shrink=0.5)
plt.show()