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How do I make my code capitalize the first letter of the word that has a capital letter in it? (Pig Latin)

My code so far is:
def to_pig(string):
words = string.split()
for i, word in enumerate(words):
'''
if first letter is a vowel
'''
if word[0] in 'aeiou':
words[i] = words[i]+ "yay"
elif word[0] in 'AEIOU':
words[i] = words[i]+ "yay"
else:
'''
else get vowel position and postfix all the consonants
present before that vowel to the end of the word along with "ay"
'''
has_vowel = False
for j, letter in enumerate(word):
if letter in 'aeiou':
words[i] = word[j:] + word[:j] + "ay"
has_vowel = True
break
#if the word doesn't have any vowel then simply postfix "ay"
if(has_vowel == False):
words[i] = words[i]+ "ay"
pig_latin = ' '.join(words)
return pig_latin
My code right now coverts a string to pig latin string. If a word starts with one or more consonants followed by a vowel, the consonants up to but not including the first vowel are moved to the end of the word and "ay" is added. If a word begins with a vowel, then "yay" is added to the end.
String:
"The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plains"
However, my code returns:
"eThay ainray inyay ainSpay aysstay ainlymay inyay ethay ainsplay"
While it should return:
"Ethay ainray inyay Ainspay aysstay ainlymay inyay ethay ainsplay"
How do I fix my code so that it returns the first letter capital for the word that has a capital letter?

Use any(... isupper()) to check for the presence of a capital letter and str.title() to capitalize the first letter.
>>> words = "eThay ainray inyay ainSpay aysstay ainlymay inyay ethay ainsplay".split()
>>> words = [word.title() if any(c.isupper() for c in word) else word for word in words]
>>> ' '.join(words)
'Ethay ainray inyay Ainspay aysstay ainlymay inyay ethay ainsplay'

A one-line solution would be to check whether the word contains a capital letter. If so, you want to convert the capital letter to a lowercase letter and then capitalize the first letter of that word. You could do that as such. Suppose you have your array of words, then:
words = [i[0].upper() + i[1:].lower() if i.lower() != i else i for i in words]

Pig Latin coding

I'm working on something but can't seem to get the code to do what I need it to -- I'm presented with the following code:
def pig_latin(string):
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'o', 'i', 'u']
if string[0] in vowels: #if the first letter is vowel
return string + 'ay'
elif string[1] in vowels: #if the first letter is consonant
return string[1:] + string[0] + 'ay'
elif string[2] in vowels: #if first two letters are consonants
return string[2:] + string[:2] + 'ay'
else: #if the first three letters are consonants
return string[3:] + string[:3] + 'ay'
With this, I'm supposed to modify my string "the empire strikes back" to instead read "ethay empireay ikesstray ackbay." I was able to change the code to at least get back "empireay" (and forgot exactly how) but haven't had success with the rest. What am I not seeing here?

You're code seems to work for one word - you just need to call it for all words in the sentence:
def pig_latin(string):
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'o', 'i', 'u']
if string[0] in vowels: #if the first letter is vowel
return string + 'ay'
elif string[1] in vowels: #if the first letter is consonant
return string[1:] + string[0] + 'ay'
elif string[2] in vowels: #if first two letters are consonants
return string[2:] + string[:2] + 'ay'
else: #if the first three letters are consonants
return string[3:] + string[:3] + 'ay'
string = "the empire strikes back"
parts = string.split(" ")
pig_latin_parts = [pig_latin(part) for part in parts]
print(" ".join(pig_latin_parts)) // prints "ethay empireay ikesstray ackbay"

Pig Latin Python program

I've been working on a Pig Latin program. However, it doesn't seem to be working and I can't figure out why.
user_input = input("Enter word to be translated:")
def translate(user_input):
first = user_input[0]
if first == "a" or "e" or "i" or "o" or "u":
user_input = user_input.lower()
user_input += "way"
return user_input
else:
user_input = user_input.lower()
user_input = user_input[1:]+first+"ay"
return user_input
print(translate(user_input))
On top of that, I was looking to utilize enumerate to find the position of the first vowel, slicing to isolate the first letter of the word and concatenation to form the word. I've read up on how to use it on a couple websites but I can't seem to figure out how to correctly apply it to this program. I think I would have to define Vowels = 'aeiou' before def translate(user_input) right??

You cannot chain if statements like that in Python, you have to do it the long way:
if first == "a" or first == "e" or first == "i" or first == "u":
or shorten it to:
if first in ["a", "e", "i", "u"]:

Here is the solution. I've made a few changes in your code which i will be explaining below.
user_input = input("Enter word to be translated:\n")
#change_1
vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u']
def translate(user_input):
first = user_input[0]
#change_2
if first in vowels:
user_input = user_input.lower()
user_input += "way"
return user_input
else:
user_input = user_input.lower()
#change_3
for letter in user_input:
if letter in vowels:
index_value = user_input.index(letter)
break
#change_4
user_input = user_input[index_value:] +user_input[:index_value]+ "ay"
return user_input
print(translate(user_input))
1) Create a list of vowels.
2) As our friend #zwer mentioned You cannot chain if statements like that in
Python. So
if first in vowels:
3) For every letter in user_input check if that letter is a vowel and if that letter is a vowel then find the index of it's occurrence.
For example take the word 'trash'
Here a is the first vowel and it's index is 2
if letter in vowels:
index_value = user_input.index(letter)
4) According to wikipedia
"all letters before the initial vowel are placed at the end of the word sequence"
For the word 'trash' it would be
user_string = user_input[2:] + user_input[:2]+"ay"
which would be slicing the word from that index to end, merged with letters before that index. And finally an "ay".
'ash' + 'tr' + 'ay'
Hope this helps.

You can define vowels in the outer scope.
vowels = 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'
Then anywhere you can use:
if first in vowels:

My Solution covers the below rules:
1. A word is a consecutive sequence of letters (a-z, A-Z) or apostrophes. You may assume that the input to the function will only be a single "word". Examples: Zebra , apple
2. If a word starts with a vowel, the Pig Latin version is the original word with "way" added to the end
3. If a word starts with a consonant, or a series of consecutive consonants, the Pig Latin version transfers ALL consonants up to the first vowel to the end of the word, and adds "ay" to the end.
4. The letter 'y' should be treated as a consonant if it is the first letter of a word, but treated as a vowel otherwise.
5. If the original word is capitalized, the new Pig Latin version of the word should be capitalized in the first letter. If the original capital letter was a consonant, and thus moved, it should not be capitalized once in its new location.
Solution Starts here:
eng_to_pig_latin = {"football": "ootballfay", "Pittsburgh":"Ittsburghpay",
"Apple":"Appleway","oink":"oinkway",
"ontology":"ontologyway","yellow":"ellowyay","yttrium":"iumyttray"}
eng_word = 'yttrium'
vowels = 'aeiou'
def pig_latin(eng_word):
sub,str1 = [],''
first = eng_word[0]
second = eng_word[1]
# Rule 2
if first.lower() in vowels:
piglatin = eng_word +'way'
# Rule 3
elif first.lower() == first and second.lower() in vowels:
piglatin = eng_word[1:]+first+'ay'
elif first.lower()+second.lower() not in vowels:
# Rule 3 & 4
for l in eng_word:
if l not in vowels:
sub.append(l)
else:
str1 = eng_word[eng_word.index(l):]
break
str2 = ''.join(sub)
piglatin = str1+str2+'ay'
else:
# Rule 5
piglatin = eng_word[1:].capitalize()+first.lower()+'ay'
print(f'Test word is {eng_word} and its equivalent piglatin word is
{piglatin}. Comparison with mapping dictionary is
{eng_to_pig_latin[eng_word] == piglatin}')
pig_latin(eng_word)
Note: The dictionary uses is only to cross-check if the results are as expected, which I am doing in the last print statement.

my logic to translate given word in to Pig Latin translation
vowels=['a','e','i','o','u']
def igpay(name):
a_list=list(name)
if a_list[0] in vowels:
print("First letter is a Vowel")
apnd_letters="way"
else:
print("First letter is a Consonant")
a_list.append(a_list[0])
a_list.pop(0)
apnd_letters="ay"
print("Pig transaltion is {0}".format("".join(a_list)+str(apnd_letters)))
Output:
igpay("pig")
First letter is a Consonant
Pig transaltion is igpay
igpay("apple")
First letter is a Vowel
Pig transaltion is appleway

You can do it exactly the same as you are doing it except you will need to change the second line in translate:
if first == "a" or "e" or "i" or "o" or "u":
to:
if first == "a" or first == "e" or first == "i" or first == "o" or first == "u":
or:
if first in 'aeiou':
If you want to be able to use capital letters however, I would recommend changing first to first.lower().
This becomes:
user_input = input("Enter word to be translated:")
def translate(user_input):
first = user_input[0]
if first.lower() in 'aeiou':
user_input = user_input.lower()
user_input += "way"
return user_input
else:
user_input = user_input.lower()
user_input = user_input[1:]+first+"ay"
return user_input
print(translate(user_input))
If you want the code a bit shorter, I have managed to shorten it to:
def translate():
user_input = input('Enter a word or sentence')
for i in range(len(user_input.split())): print(str((user_input.split())[i][1::])+((user_input.split())[i])[0]+'ay', end=' ')
translate()

Here is another two ways to go about it
Method 1:
Using a function that recursively translates words
sentence = str(input('Input Sentence: '))
vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU'
# 1. strip removes whitespace before and after input
# 2. pig_word_latin deals with one word at a time
# 3. join collects all the words into one sentence with spaces
def pig_latin_word(word):
vowelStart = True
#print(word)
if word[0] not in vowels:
vowelStart = False
return pig_latin_word(word[1:] + word[:1])
elif word[0] in vowels and not vowelStart:
return word + 'ay'
elif word[0] in vowels and vowelStart:
return word + 'way'
def pig_latin(sentence):
words: list = sentence.strip().split(' ')
new_words = []
for word in words:
new_words.append(pig_latin_word(word))
print(" ".join(new_words))
pig_latin(sentence)
Method 2:
Using a function that recursively translates sentences by keeping track of spaces
sentence = str(input('Input Sentence: ')).strip()
vowels = 'aeiouAEIOU'
suffix = {}
suffix[True] = 'way'
suffix[False] = 'ay'
def pig_latin(sentence, acc='', cluster='', word=''):
#print('S:'+sentence, 'C:'+cluster, 'W:'+word)
#print('Acc:',acc)
new_word = len(word)==0
vowel_start= len(cluster)==0
#print('NW:',new_word, suffix[vowel_start])
#print('-')
if len(sentence) == 0:
return acc+word+cluster+suffix[vowel_start]
if sentence[0] == ' ':
return pig_latin(sentence[1:], acc+word+cluster+suffix[vowel_start]+' ')
if new_word == True:
if sentence[0] not in vowels:
#print('1---')
return pig_latin(sentence[1:], acc, cluster+sentence[0], '')
elif sentence[0] in vowels and not vowel_start:
#print('2---')
return pig_latin(sentence[1:], acc, cluster, word+sentence[0])
elif sentence[0] in vowels and vowel_start:
#print('3---')
return pig_latin(sentence[1:], acc, '', word+sentence[0])
else:
return pig_latin(sentence[1:], acc, cluster, word+sentence[0])
print(pig_latin(sentence))

How can I replace the vowels of a word with underscores in python?

I'm a beginner learning the python language and I'm stumped on how take the vowels of a word and replacing them with an underscore.
So far this is what I have come up with and it just doesn't work
word = input("Enter a word: ")
new_word = ""
vowels = "aeiouy"
for letter in word:
if letter != vowels:
new_word += word
else:
new_word += "_"
print(new_word)

You can use string.translate and maketrans.
from string import maketrans
vowels = "aeiouy"
t = "______"
st = "trying this string"
tran = maketrans(vowels, t)
print st.translate(tran)
# Gives tr__ng th_s str_ng
You may also want to check uppercases.

you can use regex
import re
print(re.sub("[aeiouAEIOU]", "_", "abc")) # prints _bc

Make vowels an array with each element it's own letter.
Then do
for letter in word:
if letter in vowels:
letter = "_"

Lists can be used to easily build words, and with .join() you can combine the list items into a single string.
word = 'pizza'
vowels = "aeiouy"
new_word = []
for letter in word:
if letter in vowels:
new_word.append('_')
else:
new_word.append(letter)
print(''.join(new_word))
Here's the same thing in a generator expression:
word = 'pizza'
vowels = "aeiouy"
new_word = ''.join(c if c not in vowels else '_' for c in word)
print(new_word)

To answer why your approach didn't work.
if letter != vowels:
Does not do what you are thinking. It actually compares the letter against a full string "aeiouy". It will always be unequal (e.g. "a" != "aeiouy" is True and so is any other letter).
More likely what you mean was
if letter in vowels:
Which under the hood will iterate over vowels and compare each character to letter, returning True if any of the letters match.
The second mistake is here
new_word += word
You are adding the original word to the new word rather than the letter you just checked. So make that
new_word += letter
The third thing to note is that your logic is the reverse of what you intended. You wanted to replace vowels with _ but your if statement allows vowels into the new word and replaces consonants with the underscore. So if you reverse your if and else clauses.
All up you end up with
word = input("Enter a word: ")
new_word = ""
vowels = "aeiouy"
for letter in word:
if letter in vowels:
new_word += '_'
else:
new_word += letter
print(new_word)

Using a list comprehension and setting vowels as a set object (this is really only valuable for speeding up performance if you have a large list of words over which you're iterating):
>>> vowels = set("aeiouy")
>>> word = 'ampersand'
>>> new_word = "".join([letter if letter not in vowels else "_" for letter in word])
>>> print(new_word)
_mp_rs_nd

If you have Python 3, use str.maketrans to build a string translation table:
vowels = "aeiouy"
vowels += vowels.upper()
tr = str.maketrans(vowels, '_' * len(vowels))
print('Yo, this is a wacky phrase!'.translate(tr))
Shows: __, th_s _s _ w_ck_ phr_s_!

DRAX: I'll do you even better!
def replace_vowels(word):
vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']
for x in (word.lower()):
if x in vowels:
word = word.replace(x, "_")
print(word)
replace_vowels('Stackoverflow')
Output
St_ck_v_rfl_w

Python Simple Loop in function

for word in sentence.split():
if word[0] in VOWELS:
pig_latin = word + "ay"
else:
pig_latin = word[1:] + word[0] + "ay"
return pig_latin
How do I make it so that the return prints the whole sentence in the main, not just the one word?

You have to build the whole sentence in some way. For example, you can build up a list of words:
pig_words = []
for word in sentence.split():
if word[0] in VOWELS:
pig_latin = word + "ay"
else:
pig_latin = word[1:] + word[0] + "ay"
pig_words.append(pig_latin)
return pig_words
If you want to turn it back into a sentence, the opposite of split is join, so just change the last line to:
return ' '.join(pig_words)

You need to append the values to a list and remove the return statement from the loop, so that it will return the list after the for loops has finished iterating.
words = []
for word in sentence.split():
if word[0] in VOWELS:
pig_latin = word + "ay"
else:
pig_latin = word[1:] + word[0] + "ay"
words.append(pig_latin)
return words

Your return statement is executed on the first pass though your for loop. Even if you un-indented the return statement to run at the conclusion, you would then only have the last translated word in the pig_latin variable.
To translate the whole sentence, you should only return after the entire for loop runs to completion, saving the accumulated list of translated words.
entensesay = []
for word in sentence.split():
if word[0] in VOWELS:
entensesay.append(word + "ay")
else:
entensesay.append(word[1:] + word[0] + "ay")
return ' '.join(entensesay)
It is also good habit to avoid doing string concatenation in loops in Python. List append method is more efficient, and then use ' '.join() to produce the final concatenated string.