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How can I debug external python package in PyCharm

I have downloaded python package from the web (e.g., github).
The usage is via CLI, for example:
python functionality.py opt1 opt2
Since I want to understand what is going on under the hood in functionality.py
I want to be able to debug it line by line.
How can I achieve that using PyCharm?

Sorry for not writing a comment, but I don't have the right.
You could use the package in a simple script (import it). Afterwards, press CTRL+LEFT CLICK on the function/class that you have used in order to see the source code. Now you can put breakpoints my clicking on the space near the line number. The red point indicates that a breakpoint is put.
You can run your script in debug mode using the debugger from the menu up right (second icon) and see what's happening.

PyCharm running Python file always opens a new console

I initially started learning Python in Spyder, but decided to switch to PyCharm recently, hence I'm learning PyCharm with a Spyder-like mentality.
I'm interested in running a file in the Python console, but every time I rerun this file, it will run under a newly opened Python console. This can become annoying after a while, as there will be multiple Python consoles open which basically all do the same thing but with slight variations.
I would prefer to just have one single Python console and run an entire file within that single console. Would anybody know how to change this? Perhaps the mindset I'm using isn't very PyCharmic?

There is a specific option in PyCharm 2018.2+: Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Console | Use existing console for "Run with Python console".
Run with Python console is an option you have enabled in the Run Configuration. Disable it if you don't need a Python console after a script execution:

Hi: If you are looking for re running the code again in the same python console everytime then you have to check the respective box in the Project settings as shown in image below.

To allow only one instance to run, go to "Run" in the top bar, then "Edit Configurations...". Finally, check "Single instance only" at the right side. This will run only one instance and restart every time you run.

One console is one instance of Python being run on your system. If you want to run different variations of code within the same Python kernel, you can highlight the code you want to run and then choose the run option (Alt+Shift+F10 default).

You have an option to Rerun the program.
Simply open and navigate to currently running app with:
Alt+4 (Windows)
⌘+4 (Mac)
And then rerun it with:
Ctrl+R (Windows)
⌘+R (Mac)
Another option:
Show actions popup:
Ctrl+Shift+A (Windows)
⇧+⌘+A (Mac)
And type Rerun ..., IDE then hint you with desired action, and call it.

I think that what you are looking for is the last option in this window; check it and it should work.
Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Console

VScode run code selection

I just made the transition from Spyder to VScode for my python endeavours. Is there a way to run individual lines of code? That's how I used to do my on-the-spot debugging, but I can't find an option for it in VScode and really don't want to keep setting and removing breakpoints.
Thanks.

If you highlight some code, you can right-click or run the command, Run Selection/Line in Python Terminal.
We are also planning on implementing Ctrl-Enter to do the same thing and looking at Ctr-Enter executing the current line.

You can:
open a terminal at Terminal>New Terminal
Highlight the code you want to run
Hit Terminal>Run Selected Text
As for R you can hit CTRL Enter to execute the highlighted code. For python there's apparently no default shortcut (see below), but I am quite sure you can add yours.

In my ver of VSCode (1.25), shift+enter will run selection. Note that you will want to have your integrated terminal running python.

One way you can do it is through the Integrated Terminal. Here is the guide to open/use it: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/integrated-terminal
After that, type python3 or python since it is depending on what version you are using. Then, copy and paste the fraction of code you want to run into the terminal. It now has the same functionality as the console in Spyder. Hope this helps.

I'm still trying to figure out how to make vscode do what I need (interactive python plots), but I can offer a more complete answer to the question at hand than what has been given so far:
1- Evaluate current selection in debug terminal is an option that is not enabled by default, so you may want to bind the 'editor.debug.action.selectionToRepl' action to whatever keyboard shortcut you choose (I'm using F9). As of today, there still appears to be no option to evaluate current line while debugging, only current selection.
2- Evaluate current line or selection in python terminal is enabled by default, but I'm on Windows where this isn't doing what I would expect - it evaluates in a new runtime, which does no good if you're trying to debug an existing runtime. So I can't say much about how useful this option is, or even if it is necessary since anytime you'd want to evaluate line-by-line, you'll be in debug mode anyway and sending to debug console as in 1 above. The Windows issue might have something to do with the settings.json entry
"terminal.integrated.inheritEnv": true,
not having an affect in Windows as of yet, per vscode documentation.

Pycharm-Execution does not stop at breakpoints during debugging

I am trying to debug python code in Pycharm. I assign a break-point on a line using ctr+F8 and then debug using the debug icon on top right corner.
However the execution does not stop at the breakpoint and whole code is executed.
I am trying to stop the execution at breakpoint and then execute the code line by line while checking the variable values.
What possibly I am doing wrong? It does not work on other code files which I created for checking.

See the answers in this issue Unable to debug in pycharm with pytest. For me it was deleting the __pycache__ directories because I had copies the project over from a different computer.

In order to debug (and stop at a breakpoint) you need to use Run > Debug (Alt+Shift+F9), not Run > Run (Alt+Shift+F10).

How can I debug Python code without running a script (using Eclipse)?

I've noticed how easy it is to debug a Python script from Eclipse. Simply set breakpoints and run a Python script from the debug menu. But is it possible to start a Python Interactive Interpreter instead of running a particular Python script, whilst still having Eclipse breaking on breakpoints? This would make it so much easier to test functions.
Thanks for any help
Still looking for a simple/ish way to start the debugger in Eclipse->PyDev that lets me use the interactive debugger. None of the answers as of yet is acceptable

You can explicitly write code to setup a breakpoint in your script, and then "remote debug". That means having pydevd in the pythonpath of your script wherever it is running, and running the eclipse pydev remote debugger on your devbox. If it's all happening on the same machine, this is fairly straightforward.
If not, you'll need to specify the hostname of the dev machine running the python remote debugger in the call to settrace(). You'll also need pydevd available on the machine running the script.
I have got this working in the past without having to install eclipse+pydevd on the machine running the script. It's not totally straightforward, and if you go that route I'd recommend checking that the pydevd versions match or at least you know they're compatible. Otherwise you end up wasting time debugging the debugger.
For details see: Pydev Remote Debugger

what about this, in the script, you can write a function, say onlyForTest, then each time you write a new function and want to test it, you can just put it in the onlyForTest function, then specify some arguments required by the new function you just write, then open the interactive python shell, import the script, call the onlyForTest function, check out the result.