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associate the user with the post Django and MySQL

I am trying to associate the user with the post. I have two models students is for user and sublists is for user posts with a foreign key(author). I am using MySQL database and using forms to store data into them. when my form.author execute in my HTML file it gives me a list of ids for all users in the databse but I am already logged in and i want to post as the logged in user without choosing. If remove it says my form is not valid which make sense since im not inputing for form.author.Since I'm using MySQL, I'm not using the built-in User authentication method, but instead comparing both email and password with the login form input. Spend too much time on this but hard to get around with this one. Any help would be appreciated
my views.py look like this
def addnew(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = Sublist(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
try:
form.save()
messages.success(request, ' Subscirption Saved')
name = sublist.objects.get(name=name)
return render (request, 'subscrap/main.html', {'sublist': name})
except:
pass
else:
messages.success(request, 'Error')
pass
else:
form = Sublist()
return render(request, 'subscrap/addnew.html', {'form': form})
#login_required(login_url='login')
#cache_control(no_cache=True, must_revalidate=True, no_store=True)
def main(request):
return render(request, 'subscrap/main.html')
def mod(request):
student = students.objects.all()
return render(request, 'subscrap/mod.html' , {'students': student})
My Models.py
class students(models.Model):
fname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lname = models.CharField(max_length=50)
password = models.CharField(max_length = 50 , null = True)
passwordrepeat = models.CharField(max_length = 50, null = True)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=150)
class Meta:
db_table = "students"
class sublist(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(students, related_name='sublist' ,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
name = models.CharField(max_length=150)
cost = models.IntegerField(default = 0)
renewalcycle = models.IntegerField(default = 0)
class Meta:
db_table = "sublist"
Since I'm using forms here's my forms.py
lass StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = students
fields = "__all__"
class Studentlogin(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(max_length=150)
password = forms.CharField(max_length = 50, widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Sublist(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = sublist
fields = "__all__"

Exclude the Author from the Sublist form:
class Sublist(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = sublist
exclude = ['author']
In the addnew method, you associate the .instance.author with the request.user:
#login_required(login_url='login')
def addnew(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = Sublist(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.instance.author = request.user
form.save()
messages.success(request, ' Subscirption Saved')
return redirect('some_view')
else:
messages.error(request, 'Error')
else:
form = Sublist()
return render(request, 'subscrap/addnew.html', {'form': form})
Note: Models in Django are written in PascalCase, not snake_case,
so you might want to rename the model from sublist to Sublist.
Note: Usually a Form or a ModelForm ends with a …Form suffix,
to avoid collisions with the name of the model, and to make it clear that we are
working with a form. Therefore it might be better to use SublistForm instead of
Sublist.
Note: It is normally better to make use of the settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL [Django-doc] to refer to the user model, than to use the students directly. For more information you can see the referencing the User model section of the documentation.

Django: I get: Cannot query "admin": Must be "Follow" instance in my code when trying to implement unfollow button

I'm a beginner and I'm trying to create a small network project in which users can follow each other. I have implemented the follow button right, so it updates my models and displays proper info to users, but I can't get unfollow to work properly. I'm guessing it's something to do with the way I implemented follow model (with many to many field), but I'd like to implement it this way for practice... Anyhow, here's the code:
Models:
class User(AbstractUser):
pass
class Follow(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="user_follow")
following = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True, related_name="followers")
And view:
def users(request, username):
"""Displaying user profiles"""
if request.method == "POST":
user = request.user
profile = User.objects.get(username=username)
follow = Follow(user=user)
follow.save()
if "unfollow" in request.POST:
profile.followers.remove(user)
follow.following.remove(profile)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('users', args=(username,)))
elif "follow" in request.POST:
follow.following.add(profile)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('users', args=(username,)))
This code yields in: "ValueError at /users/test
Cannot query "admin": Must be "Follow" instance." at the profile.followers.remove(user) line...
Playing with it in shell I found out (at least I think so) that the line under it (follow.following.remove(profile) - which by the way was there before I tried with the profile.followers.remove(user)) removes the profile from Follow model, but for some reason it is not by itself updated in the Users model (for followers) ???

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
pwd = models.CharField(max_length=40)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Follow(models.Model):
user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
another_user = models.ManyToManyField(User, related_name='another_user')
def __str__(self):
return self.user.name
============================================================================
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import User, Follow
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
if 'user' in request.session:
return render(request, 'index.html')
else:
return redirect('login')
def profile(request, user_name):
user_obj = User.objects.get(name=user_name)
session_user = User.objects.get(name=request.session['user'])
session_following, create = Followers.objects.get_or_create(user=session_user)
following, create = Followers.objects.get_or_create(user=session_user.id)
check_user_followers = Followers.objects.filter(another_user=user_obj)
is_followed = False
if session_following.another_user.filter(name=user_name).exists() or following.another_user.filter(name=user_name).exists():
is_followed=True
else:
is_followed=False
param = {'user_obj': user_obj,'followers':check_user_followers, 'following': following,'is_followed':is_followed}
if 'user' in request.session:
return render(request, 'profile.html', param)
else:
return redirect('index')
def follow_user(request, user_name):
other_user = User.objects.get(name=user_name)
session_user = request.session['user']
get_user = User.objects.get(name=session_user)
check_follower = Followers.objects.get(user=get_user.id)
is_followed = False
if other_user.name != session_user:
if check_follower.another_user.filter(name=other_user).exists():
add_usr = Followers.objects.get(user=get_user)
add_usr.another_user.remove(other_user)
is_followed = False
return redirect(f'/profile/{session_user}')
else:
add_usr = Followers.objects.get(user=get_user)
add_usr.another_user.add(other_user)
is_followed = True
return redirect(f'/profile/{session_user}')
return redirect(f'/profile/{session_user}')
else:
return redirect(f'/profile/{session_user}')
=============================================================================
User This For Reference...Follow And Unfollw Logic

AttributeError at /sample/ : 'QuerySet' object has no attribute 'no_of_ques'

I am making a quiz application, for result calculation I have written logic ..If the value of answer stored in question model is equal to the answer chosen by user then , when user submits each question , score is incrementing by one, but I've failed to build this logic as am a new user to django please help.
Models.py : question along with its 4 options and the correct answer is in question model(These fields are entered by the user who creates a quiz by filling a form). Answer submitted by user is in answer model(This field is entered by user who takes quiz). score is stored in result model.
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.conf import settings
class quiztitle(models.Model):
Quiz_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
Quiz_title = models.CharField(max_length=600)
User = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
User_id= models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
no_of_ques = models.IntegerField(default=10)
class question(models.Model):
Qid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
User = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
User_id = models.ForeignKey(User,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Quiz_id = models.ForeignKey(quiztitle,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Qques = models.TextField()
Qoption1 = models.TextField()
Qoption2 = models.TextField()
Qoption3 = models.TextField()
Qoption4 = models.TextField()
QAnswer = models.TextField()
class answer(models.Model):
Ansid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
Qid = models.ForeignKey(question,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Quiz_id = models.ForeignKey(quiztitle, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
User = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL
User_id = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
Answer = models.TextField()
class result(models.Model):
result = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
Quiz_id = models.ForeignKey(quiztitle, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
User_id = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
score = models.FloatField()
def __str__(self):
return str(self.pk)
here's views.py file
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponseRedirect
from .models import question ,quiztitle ,answer ,result
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from .forms import CreateUserForm
from django.contrib import messages
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from .decorators import unauthenticated_user,allowed_users
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
def home_page(request):
return render(request,'Home.html')
def forbidden(request):
return render(request,'error403.html')
#unauthenticated_user
def registerPage(request):
form = CreateUserForm()
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CreateUserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
user = form.save()
username = form.cleaned_data.get('username')
group = Group.objects.get(name='Student')
user.groups.add(group)
messages.success(request, 'account has been created successfully for username' + username)
return redirect('login')
context = {'form':form}
return render(request,'register.html',context)
#unauthenticated_user
def handle_login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')
user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
if user is not None:
login(request,user)
if request.user.groups.filter(name="Teacher"):
return redirect('quizmaker')
else:
return redirect('student')
else:
messages.info(request, 'Incorrect Username or Password')
context = {}
return render(request, 'login.html', context)
def logoutUser(request):
logout(request)
return redirect('home')#redirect to login page
#login_required(login_url='home')
#allowed_users(allowed_roles=['Teacher','Head'])
def handle_quiz(request):
if request.method=="POST":
# get post parameters
Quiz_title = request.POST.get('Quiz_title')
Quiz_id = request.POST.get('Quiz_id')
no_of_ques = request.POST.get('no_of_ques')
Qid = request.POST.get('Qid')
Qques = request.POST.get('Qques')
Qoption1 = request.POST.get('Qoption1')
Qoption2 = request.POST.get('Qoption2')
Qoption3 = request.POST.get('Qoption3')
Qoption4 = request.POST.get('Qoption4')
QAnswer = request.POST.get('QAnswer')
title = quiztitle(Quiz_title=Quiz_title,Quiz_id=Quiz_id,no_of_ques=no_of_ques)
title.User_id=request.user
title.save()
detail = question(Qid=Qid,Qques=Qques,Qoption1=Qoption1,Qoption2=Qoption2,Qoption3=Qoption3,Qoption4=Qoption4,QAnswer=QAnswer)
detail.User_id=request.user
detail.Quiz_id = title
detail.save()
messages.success(request,'Your question has been added succesfully')
return HttpResponseRedirect('/quizmaker')
return render(request,"createquiz.html")
#login_required(login_url='login')
#allowed_users(allowed_roles=['Student'])
def handle_response(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated:
myuser = User.objects.all()
title = quiztitle.objects.all()
data = question.objects.all()
if request.method == 'POST':
Answer=request.POST.get('Answer')
response = answer(Answer=Answer)
response.User_id = request.user
response.Quiz_id = request.quiztitle
response.Qid = request.question
Answer.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/student')
return render(request,"student.html",context={"messages": data ,"topic": title ,"user1": myuser})
def handle_result(request):
if request.user.is_authenticated:
quiz = quiztitle.objects.all()
ques = question.objects.all()
ans = answer.objects.all()
score = 0
if request.method == 'POST':
while(score<=quiz.no_of_ques):
if (ques.objects.QAnswer == ans.objects.Answer):
score += 1
print(score)
sc = request.POST('score')
res = result(sc=score)
res.User_id = request.user
res.Quiz_id = request.quiztitle
result.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('/sample')
return render(request, "sample.html", context = {"ques":ques , "ans":ans})

In your handle_result function, you have:
quiz = quiztitle.objects.all()
# ...
while(score<=quiz.no_of_ques):
The issue here is that:
The quiz variable is not ONE quiz, it's ALL of them. So it's not an instance, it's a list of instances (technically, a QuerySet of instances)
Therefore, you cannot call quiz.no_of_ques, because quiz is not an instance
That's why you're getting the 'QuerySet' object has no attribute 'no_of_ques' error. Either query one specific instance, or query them all and loop over them.

In views.py handle_result function,
replacing
quiz = quiztitle.objects.all()
with
quizno = quiztitle.objects.values_list('no_of_ques', flat=True)
#....
while(score<=quizno):
it resolves the error 'QuerySet' object has no attribute 'no_of_ques' as it queries one instance i.e no_of_ques

Django passing user ID to filter models

I have trying to filter objects in a model to avoid people putting events in their calendars which over lap. I found the below link which helped (Django form field clean to check if entered date is in a stored range). It has left me with another issue that it blocks any other user from having an event at the same time.
My Question is, can I pass the user id number to filter the queryset? it works if I manually input my user ID number?
Code below with my last attempt?
model.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class Event(models.Model):
manage = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=None)
title = models.CharField(max_length=200, default='free')
description = models.TextField()
start_time = models.DateTimeField()
end_time = models.DateTimeField()
def __str__(self):
return self.title + " - " + str(self.start_time) + " - " + str(self.end_time)
Form.py
from django import forms
from django.forms import ModelForm, DateInput
from calendar_app.models import Event
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class EventForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Event
# datetime-local is a HTML5 input type, format to make date time show on fields
widgets = {
'start_time': DateInput(attrs={'type': 'datetime-local'}, format='%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M'),
'end_time': DateInput(attrs={'type': 'datetime-local'}, format='%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M'),
}
fields = ['title','description','start_time','end_time']
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(EventForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# input_formats parses HTML5 datetime-local input to datetime field
self.fields['start_time'].input_formats = ('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',)
self.fields['end_time'].input_formats = ('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',)
def clean(self):
form_start_time = self.cleaned_data.get('start_time')
form_end_time = self.cleaned_data.get('end_time')
form_manage = self.cleaned_data.get('manage')
between = Event.objects.filter(manage=form_manage, start_time__gte=form_start_time, end_time__lte=form_end_time)
if between:
raise forms.ValidationError('Already Calendar entry for this time')
super(EventForm,self).clean()
views.py
def event(request, event_id=None):
instance = Event()
if event_id:
instance = get_object_or_404(Event, pk=event_id)
else:
instance = Event()
form = EventForm(request.POST or None, instance=instance)
if request.POST and form.is_valid():
instance.manage = request.user
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('calendar_app:calendar'))
return render(request, 'event.html', {'form': form})

You can make use of the manage_id of the Event object wrapped in the form:
class EventForm(ModelForm):
# …
def clean(self):
form_start_time = self.cleaned_data.get('start_time')
form_end_time = self.cleaned_data.get('end_time')
between = Event.objects.filter(
manage_id=self.instance.manage_id,
start_time__gte=form_start_time,
end_time__lte=form_end_time
)
if between.exists():
raise forms.ValidationError('Already Calendar entry for this time')
super().clean()
of course this only works if the Event alreadh has a manage_id, but that is not a problem, since we can add the primary key of the user if necessary. It is probably also safer to filter on the manage_id in the get_object_or_404 to prevent users from editing each others events:
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.shortcuts import redirect
#login_required
def event(request, event_id=None):
instance = Event()
if event_id:
instance = get_object_or_404(Event, pk=event_id, manage_id=request.user.pk)
else:
instance = Event(manage_id=request.user.pk)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = EventForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=instance)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('calendar_app:calendar')
else:
form = EventForm(instance=instance)
return render(request, 'event.html', {'form': form})
Note: You can limit views to a view to authenticated users with the
#login_required decorator [Django-doc].
Note: It is normally better to make use of the settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL [Django-doc] to refer to the user model, than to use the User model [Django-doc] directly. For more information you can see the referencing the User model section of the documentation.

Unable to find newly saved instances in database

I'm making a stock portfolio app as a personal project. I have a form StockSymbolForm used for buying stocks. It has the fields: username, stock_symbol, and stock_qty.
I've set username to be the current user that's currently using the app - so they only need to fill stock_symbol and stock_qty.
After a valid form is submitted, I go to my admin page to check, but I don't see my new stock_symbol and stock_qty added to my model.
Here's my code:
views.py:
class PortfolioStockListView(ListView):
model = StockPortfolio
template_name = 'stocks.html'
def post(self, request):
current_user = StockPortfolioUser.objects.filter(username=request.user).first()
if request.method == 'POST':
symbol_form = StockSymbolForm(request.POST, initial={'username': current_user})
if symbol_form.is_valid():
symbol_form = StockSymbolForm(request.POST, instance=current_user)
model_instance = symbol_form.save(commit=True)
model_instance.timestamp = timezone.now()
model_instance.save()
return redirect('/')
else:
return render(request, 'stocks.html', {'symbol_form': symbol_form})
else:
symbol_form = StockSymbolForm()
return render(request, 'stocks.html', {'symbol_form': symbol_form})
models.py:
class StockPortfolioUser(models.Model):
username = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
usercash = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=100000)
class StockPortfolio(models.Model):
username = models.ForeignKey(StockPortfolioUser, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
stock_symbol = models.CharField(max_length=5)
stock_qty = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
forms.py:
class StockSymbolForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = StockPortfolio
fields = ('stock_symbol' , 'stock_qty')
labels = {'stock_symbol': 'Stock Symbol', 'stock_qty': 'Quantity'}
How do I save the model instance properly? and why is it not saving at the moment?

In your views.py file change this
model_instance = symbol_form.save(commit=False)
model_instance.username = request.user.id
model_instance.timestamp = timezone.now()
model_instance.save()
In StockSymbolForm change this
fields = ('username', 'stock_symbol' , 'stock_qty')

Well, you don't ever seem to be setting the username. You set a timestamp, which doesn't exist as a field, but not the actual username field.
model_instance = symbol_form.save(commit=True)
model_instance.userame = request.user
model_instance.save()
As an aside, that field should be called user, as it points to the whole User object not just the username.