I'm trying to make a GUI using Tkinter and have come to implementing a menu bar. I've looked at a few tutorials and written some code for it, but a menu bar never seems to appear - just a blank frame with a white background. This doesn't just happen for my code though; on copying and pasting the code of one of the aforementioned tutorials into a new script, the same behaviour is exhibited.
I'd appreciate it if anyone could shed any light on what's causing this. My system is OS X 10.5, Python 2.7, Tk 8.4. Here's the code from the tutorial that doesn't appear to work:
#!/usr/local/bin/python2.7
from Tkinter import *
from ttk import *
class App(Frame):
def __init__(self):
Frame.__init__(self)
self.master.geometry('400x300')
self.master.title(__file__)
self.pack()
self.menu = Menu(tearoff=False)
self.master.config(menu = self.menu)
fm = self.file_menu = None
fm = Menu(self.menu, tearoff=False)
self.menu.add_cascade(label='File', menu = fm)
fm.add_command(label='Say Hello', command = self.say_hello)
fm.add_separator()
fm.add_command(label='Quit', command = self.quit)
self.mainloop()
def say_hello(self, *e):
self.label = Label(self.master, text='Hello there!')
self.label.pack(anchor=CENTER, fill=NONE, expand=YES, side=LEFT)
if __name__ == '__main__':
App()
and my code is here:
from Tkinter import *
class App(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
parent.title("Cluedo Solver 1.0")
menubar = Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label="File")
menubar.add_command(label="Quit", command=root.quit())
root.config(menu=menubar)
root=Tk()
root.geometry("300x250+300+300")
app=App(root)
root.mainloop()
Based on some comments you made to one of the answers, you are apparently running this on a Macintosh. The code works fine, but the menu appears in the mac menubar rather than on the window like it does on Windows and Linux. So, there's nothing wrong with your code as far as the menubar is concerned.
Code with Explanation
From personal experience, I have found that it is usually easier to manage all widgets in a widgets method. That is what I did here, and it worked. Also, instead of parent, I used master. I will now walk you through the code step-by-step.
from Tkinter import *
We import Tkinter (GUI stuff)
class App(Frame):
We create a class called App, which is the Frame where widgets are held.
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.widgets()
We create a method called __init__. This initializes the class, and runs another method called widgets.
def widgets(self):
menubar = Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label="File")
menubar.add_command(label="Quit", command=root.quit())
root.config(menu=menubar)
We create the widgets method. This is where the widget, menubar is added. If we were to create anymore widgets, they would also be here.
root=Tk()
root.title("Menubar")
app=App(root)
root.mainloop()
Lastly, we give the entire window some properties. We give it a title, Menubar, and run the App class. lastly, we start the GUI's mainloop with root.mainloop.
I am trying the code as above, but all I get is "Python" on the macOS menubar and it's usual pulldown. tkinter just doesn't seem to work menus on macOS 10.14.1
I think what is happening is that there are mac specific fixups that are changing the event codes so certain menu items will end up under the Python menu item instead of where expected, I saw some of this in my own experiments. When I expanded my code and used some of the reserved FILE event codes instead of the standard ones, things worked better.
#!/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *
class App(Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
self.grid()
self.widgets()
def widgets(self):
menubar = Menu(root)
menubar.add_command(label = 'File')
menubar.add_command(label = 'quit', command = root.quit())
root.config(menu = menubar)
root = Tk()
root.title('Menubar')
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
Check your mac menu bar if you are doing any GUI that involves menubar which you will like to view or test. Its subtle and you may think you code is not to working. Click on the app(in this case python window), it will show a drop down menubar.
guys to solve the problem
look the file part that's where the menubar for mac is located
Related
I have programmed a 2600 lines application which worked great when running from the IDE. Now I have created an executable via Pyinstaller and now the GUI does not start. The application starts and disappears quickly. I do not get any errors (anymore, solved them), however this problem remains. I think it has to do with missing the mainloop() in my application, which I don't know how to apply in this particular case. Usually its like this:
root = tk.Tk()
root.mainloop()
In my case I created a class for my window adding a menubar and label as statusbar (the latter not shown in my code below). This makes me assigning this class being a Tk() to main_window. Where do I put the mainloop() without getting an error?
I already tried:
main_window.mainloop()
since main_window is the window where all frames put on to, but then I get the following error in the IDE:
main_window.mainloop() AttributeError: 'AppWindow' object has no attribute 'mainloop'
How do I apply the mainloop() into my application without getting the above mentioned error? Or how do I get my GUI to be working in a different manner? Both answers are welcome.
Here is the necessary code to know:
import tkinter as tk
class AppWindow():
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
master.title("Basic Application")
master.geometry("1060x680")
master.grid_propagate(False)
#create drop down menu
self.menubar = tk.Menu(master) # main menubar
#Add filemenu
self.filemenu = tk.Menu(self.menubar, tearoff=0) #sub menu
self.filemenu.add_separator() #create a bar in the menu
self.filemenu.add_command(label="Quit", command=master.destroy) #Add submenu item
self.menubar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=self.filemenu) #Add submenu to menubar
self.master.config(menu=self.menubar) #Show menu
class FrameOne(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
super().__init__()
self["borderwidth"]=5
self["relief"]="ridge"
self.create_widgets() #Function which creates all widgets
self.position_widgets() #Function which position all widgets
def create_widgets(self): #Function which creates all widgets
pass
def position_widgets(self): #Function which position all widgets
pass
#Create a window as defined in the AppWindow class
main_window = AppWindow(tk.Tk())
#Create a Frame as defined in class FrameOne
first_frame = FrameOne(main_window)
first_frame.grid(row=0, column=0) #Positioning Frame on Window
main_window.mainloop() #THIS PROVIDES AN ERROR | GUI DOES NOT START WITHOUT
mainloop is a method on the tkinter root window and on tkinter itself. Like the error says, it's not a method of your AppWindow class.
In your case you should do it like this:
root = tk.Tk()
main_window = AppWindow(root)
root.mainloop()
This question is not a duplicate: see below.
I want to create a modal dialog box in tkinter. In other words, a dialog box which, while it is active, prevents the user from interacting with the parent window. There is an existing question on SO answering this, and there is a full example illustrating the concept.
However, making the dialog box a Toplevel and calling grab_set() on it simply doesn't work, on either Windows 7 or Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS. The user is still able to close, resize, and in general interact with the parent window.
Is there a way of creating a modal dialog box in Tkinter that actually works?
Here is a minimal usage example of dialog.grab_set() failing to prevent interaction with the parent window:
import os
try:
import Tkinter as tkinter
except ImportError:
import tkinter
class MyToplevel(tkinter.Toplevel, object):
def __init__(self, parent):
tkinter.Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.title("Main window")
MyDialog(self)
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", parent.destroy)
class MyDialog(tkinter.Toplevel, object):
def __init__(self, parent):
tkinter.Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.transient(parent)
self.title("Dialog")
self.grab_set()
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.withdraw()
app = MyToplevel(root)
app.mainloop()
I should point out that using grab_set_global() (as in this answer) does work, but is not a viable solution because it blocks access to all windows, for the entire system.
This is (at least on windows) a version specific problem. To make it work on python2.7, just add self.focus_force() before self.grab_set():
def __init__(self, parent):
tkinter.Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
self.transient(parent)
self.title("Dialog")
self.focus_force() # added
self.grab_set()
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
I am currently trying to create two windows with a tkinter program but it doesn't seem to be working. It was only recently that i just moved over my game to tkinter and it is the first time working with tkinter. Due to that I have no clue why this isn't working.
This is my first window and its working fine
class Application(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master)
self.pack()
self.create_widgets()
self.crafting_listbox
My second window though isn't working
class Application_2(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None):
super().__init__(master)
self.pack()
self.crafting_listbox()
Then the finishing bit
root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()
I am unsure why this isn't working, whats going wrong?
You never call your second Frame.
To make a second window use the Toplevel class.
root = tk.Tk()
app = Application(master=root)
second_win = tk.Toplevel(root)
app2 = Application_2(second_win)
root.mainloop()
I am having a big issue. The Canvas loads perfectly but the image does not display.
I started Python 1 week ago and I have no clue why does is not working. Can anyone please show me the way to solve the issue of the image not loading on the canvas?
from Tkinter import *
from PIL import ImageTk
from PIL import Image
class Fake_Virus:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
master.title("Totally not a virus!")
b = Button(master, text="Help", command=self.prank)
b.pack(padx=10, pady=10, side=LEFT)
quit = Button(master, text="Close", command=self.close_window)
quit.pack(padx=10, pady=10, side=RIGHT)
photo = PhotoImage("eh.gif")
label = Label(image=photo)
label.image = photo # keep a reference!
label.pack()
f = Frame(master, height=150, width=150)
f.pack_propagate(0) # don't shrink
f.pack()
def prank(self):
print "work"
return
def close_window(self):
root.destroy()
return
root = Tk()
my_gui = Fake_Virus(root)
root.mainloop()
You should use the file option to initialize the photo image object.
This means you need to change photo = PhotoImage("eh.gif") to photo = PhotoImage(file="eh.gif")
Now your code will work. But a working code is not necessarily a good code. There are other issues with your code. Let me go through them quickly:
It is better to code import Tkinter as Tk than from Tkinter import *
Why that hyphen in your class name? Follow PEP8 so that, in the futur, people will find it easy to review and understand your code.
Good that you have written self.master = master (read complete code to know why) but then you have never used it. This means you made a good decision and you render it useless.
You set the title of the window within the initializer. It is better if you do that in a separate function so that whenever you want to add additional settings to your GUI (such as the size, font or whatever) you will only add code to that function instead of vomiting lot of trash inside the initializer which rather needs to be clean.
None of the widgets you created is 'selfed' (you may read Why explicit self has to stay)
It is better you create the widgets in a separate function otherwise your __init__() will be dirty.
Why do you use return in prank() and close_window()? By default, Python functions that do not return something return None anyway so it is useless to code that.
Why did you pack one button to left and the other one to right and then no pack siding for the label? Read about the pack() geometry manager.
Why you did not attach the label to a parent widget as you did for the 2 other buttons? All Tkinter widgets need to be clung into a parent widget. The grand parent of those widgets is an instance of Tkinter.Tk()
Why did you create that frame and then you never used it? You are not doing anything with it, so ..?
Given these remarks, I want to provide you an improved -but not perfect- version of your program. You can then follow this 'philosophy' to add or modifying existing widgets:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import Tkinter as Tk
from PIL import ImageTk
class FakeVirus:
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.configure_gui()
self.create_widgets()
def configure_gui(self):
self.master.title('Totally not a virus!')
def create_widgets(self):
self.create_buttons()
self.create_label_for_image()
def create_buttons(self):
self.help = Tk.Button(self.master, text='Help', command=self.prank)
self.help.pack(side=Tk.LEFT)
self.quit = Tk.Button(self.master, text='Close', command=self.close_window)
self.quit.pack(side=Tk.LEFT)
def create_label_for_image(self):
self.image_label = Tk.Label(self.master)
self.image_label.pack(side=Tk.LEFT)
self.load_image_to_label()
def load_image_to_label(self):
self.photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file='eh.gif')
self.image_label.image = self.photo
self.image_label.config(image=self.photo)
def prank(self):
print "work"
def close_window(self):
root.destroy()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk.Tk()
my_gui = FakeVirus(root)
root.mainloop()
The output of the above program is:
How do you remove the border of a TopLevel without using overrideredirect?
TopLevel.overrideredirect(True)
It would be great if a sample code can be provided.
Python 2.7.3, Linux, Tkinter version $Revision: 81008 $
With the help of Bryan Oakley, I have realized a solution that would allow me to use 'overrideredirect' while solving my problem, and that is using 'Unmap' event.
The following example code shows that when the additional window can be minimized with the main window when using 'Map' and 'Unmap':
import Tkinter
class App:
def __init__(self):
self.root = Tkinter.Tk()
Tkinter.Label(self.root, text="main window").pack()
self.window = Tkinter.Toplevel()
self.window.overrideredirect(True)
Tkinter.Label(self.window, text="Additional window").pack()
self.root.bind("<Unmap>", self.OnUnMap)
self.root.bind("<Map>", self.OnMap)
self.root.mainloop()
def OnMap(self, e):
self.window.wm_deiconify()
def OnUnMap(self, e):
self.window.wm_withdraw()
app=App()