I'm having a problem with encoding in my application and didn't find the solution anywhere on web.
Here is the scenario:
PostgreSQL with UTF-8 encoding (CREATE DATABASE xxxx WITH ENCODING 'UTF8')
Python logic also with UTF-8 encoding (# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-)
Jinja2 to show my HTML pages. Python and Jinja2 are used on Flask, which is the microframework I'm using.
The header of my pages have: <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
Well, using psycopg2 to do a simple query and print it on Jinja2, this is what I get:
{% for company in list %}
<li>
{{ company }}
</li>
{% endfor %}
(1, 'Casa das M\xc3\xa1quinas', 'R. Tr\xc3\xaas, Mineiros - Goi\xc3\xa1s')
(2, 'Ar do Z\xc3\xa9', 'Av. S\xc3\xa9tima, Mineiros - Goi\xc3\xa1s')
If I try do get more deep into the fields:
{% for company in list %}
<li>
{% for field in company %}
<li>
{{ field }}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</li>
{% endfor %}
I get the following error: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 10: ordinal not in range(128)
However, if I do a print of the list fields before sending them to Jinja2, I get the expected result (which is also how is presented in postgresql):
1
Casa das Máquinas
R. Três, Mineiros - Goiás
2
Ar do Zé
Av. Sétima, Mineiros - Goiás
When I get the error, Flask offers an option to "debug". This is where the code breaks
File "/home/anonimou/Desktop/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/jinja2/_markupsafe/_native.py", line 21, in escape
return Markup(unicode(s)
And I can also do:
[console ready]
>>> print s
Casa das Máquinas
>>> s
'Casa das M\xc3\xa1quinas'
>>> unicode(s)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 10: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> s.decode('utf-8')
u'Casa das M\xe1quinas'
>>> s.encode('utf-8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 10: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> s.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')
'Casa das M\xc3\xa1quinas'
>>> print s.decode('utf-8').encode('utf-8')
Casa das Máquinas
>>> print s.decode('utf-8')
Casa das Máquinas
I've already tried to break the list, decode, encode, in python code before sending it to Jinja2. The same error.
Sooo, not sure what I can do here. =(
Thanks in advance!
The issue is that psycopg2 returns byte strings by default in Python 2:
When reading data from the database, in Python 2 the strings returned are usually 8 bit str objects encoded in the database client encoding
So you can either:
Manually decode all of the data to UTF-8:
# Decode the byte strings into Unicode objects using
# the encoding you know that your database is using.
companies = [company.decode("utf-8") for company in companies]
return render_template("companies.html", companies=companies)
or
Set the encoders when you first import psycopg2 as per the note in the same section of the manual:
Note In Python 2, if you want to uniformly receive all your database input in Unicode, you can register the related typecasters globally as soon as Psycopg is imported:
import psycopg2
import psycopg2.extensions
psycopg2.extensions.register_type(psycopg2.extensions.UNICODE)
psycopg2.extensions.register_type(psycopg2.extensions.UNICODEARRAY)
and then forget about this story.
Related
I run SimpleHTTPServer in Python3.6.4 64bit by this command:
python -m http.server --cgi
then I make a form in test.py, submit it to test_form_action.py to print the input text.
cgi-bin/test.py
# coding=utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import
print("Content-Type: text/html") # HTML is following
print()
reshtml = '''<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" charset="utf-8"/>
</head>
<body>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<form action="/cgi-bin/test_form_action.py" method="POST"
target="_blank">
输入:<input type="text" id= "id" name="name"/></td>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>'''
print(reshtml)
cgi-bin/test_form_action.py
# coding=utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals, absolute_import
# Import modules for CGI handling
import cgi, cgitb
cgitb.enable()
if __name__ == '__main__':
print("Content-Type: text/html") # HTML is following
print()
form = cgi.FieldStorage()
print(form)
id = form.getvalue("id")
name = form.getvalue("name")
print(id)
When I visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/cgi-bin/test.py,
The Chinese Character "输入" doesn't show right, it look like "����",
I have to manually change the Text Encoding of this page from
"Unicode" to "Chinese Simplified" in Firefox to make Chinese Character look normal.
It's weird, since I put charset="utf-8" in cgi-bin/test.py.
Further more, when I put some Chinese in input form, and submit. But cgi-bin/test_form_action.py is blank.
meanwhile some error show in windows terminal where I run SimpleHTTPServer:
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Mar/2018 23:43:32] b'Error in sys.excepthook:\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):\r\n File
"E:\Python\Python36\Lib\cgitb.py", line 26 8, in call\r\n
self.handle((etype, evalue, etb))\r\n File
"E:\Python\Python36\Lib\cgitb.py", line 288, in handle\r\n
self.file.write(doc + \'\ n\')\r\nUnicodeEncodeError: \'gbk\' codec
can\'t encode character \'\ufffd\' in position 1894: illegal
multibyte sequence\r\n\r\nOriginal exception was:\r\nT raceback (most
recent call last):\r\n File
"G:\Python\Project\VideoHelper\cgi-bin\test_form_action.py", line
13, in \r\n print(form)\r\nUnico deEncodeError: \'gbk\'
codec can\'t encode character \'\ufffd\' in position 52: illegal
multibyte sequence\r\n'
127.0.0.1 - - [23/Mar/2018 23:43:32] CGI script exit status 0x1
When you use the print() expression, Python converts the strings to bytes, ie. it encodes them using a default codec.
The choice of this default value depends on the environment – in your case it seems to be GBK (judging from the error message).
In the HTML page your CGI script returns, you specify the codec ("charset") as UTF-8.
You can of course change this to GBK, but it will only solve your first problem (display of test.py), not the second one (encoding error in test_form_action.py).
Instead, it's probably better to get Python to send UTF-8-encoded data on STDOUT.
One approach is to replace all occurrences of
print(x)
with
sys.stdout.buffer.write(x.encode('utf8'))
Alternatively, you can replace sys.stdout with a re-encoded wrapper, without changing the print() occurrences:
sys.stdout = open(sys.stdout.buffer.fileno(), 'w', encoding='utf8'))
Note: These two solutions don't work in Python 2.x (you'd have to omit the .buffer part there).
I'm writing this because your code has from __future__ import statements, which have no use in code that is run with Python 3 exclusively.
I am getting this problem on specific form and rest of the Python/Flask project is working fine. I am using Pycharm and my code is set to utf-8 in IDE. Don't know how to manage this. There is a form and its getting input value from list like below:
my_school = form.university.data
waiverlist = ['Alpha University', 'Beta College', 'Charlie University', 'Foxthroat International University']
if my_school in waiverlist:
package = Package(
student_id=profile_data.id,
stripe_id = 'N/A For non-stripe users',
student_email= profile_data.email,
is_active=True,
package_type='PartnerSubscription',
subscription_id='N/A For non-stripe users'
)
dbase.session.add(package)
dbase.session.commit()
In my template I have:
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-6">
{{ form.university.label }}{{ form.university(class_='form-control reg-select') }}
</div>
Error is here
Try to use some smart IDE...I personally would prefer PyCharm. There must be some coding convention defined in your IDE so set it to UTF-8 and the code will work fine. If the issue was related to the whole data in template it could had been issue with UTF-8 but in your case you are copy pasting code from multiple different sources. So your code editor isn't able to identify exact character set. There is no other rational explanation for you issue.
try encoding university.label as using 'utf-8' in the template.
{{ form.university.label.encode('utf-8) }}
In my flask-app, i'm want to see a preview of pdf that will be generated, before definitely printing and saving it in my application_base_folder.
I could save previews on a tmp dir, but that's not what I really looking for.
I'm creating a pdf with report lab :
def gen_pdf(text):
output = cStringIO.StringIO()
c = canvas.Canvas(output)
c.drawString(100,100, text)
c.showPage()
c.save()
pdf_output=output.getvalue()
output.close()
return pdf_output
The pdf would be then send to html template with my form to update part
class Form(wtforms.Form):
text = TextField('text')
#app.route('/finalize/pdf/')
def finalize_pdf():
form = Form(request.form)
pdf_output = gen_pdf(form.text.data)
return render_template('preview_pdf.html', form=form, pdf_output=pdf_output)
and in the html page, I have my form from which i can update the text, a button to POST value (it doesn't appear in the view finalize_pdf() ), and the pdf preview :
<form method='post' action={{ url_for('finalize_pdf') }}
{{ form.text }}
<input name='update' value='update'>
</form>
<br />
<embed src="{{ pdf_output }}" type="application/pdf" width='30%'>
The problem here is that "src" is probably looking for a path on the FS, I guess ? Anyway, it "dies" with this error :
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x93 in position 11: ordinal not in range(128)
Am I so missing something, or is it impossible to embed / object in html a StringIO and I must write it on a tmp_path on my FS ?
This is a bit late but you could use base64 encoding for this problem:
from base64 import b64encode
# in your view:
return render_template(..., pdf_output=b64encode(pdf_output))
And your template:
<embed src="data:application/pdf;base64,{{ pdf_output }}" type="application/pdf" width='30%'>
I am trying to use Bottle.py to get input information from users in a web page.
Everything works fine except when I have latin characters (accents mostly). I have try using utf-8 and latin-1 coding on the first two lines of the code, but it won't work.
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import bottle
#bottle.post('/newpost')
def post_newpost():
subject = bottle.request.forms.get("subject")
body = bottle.request.forms.get("body")
tags = bottle.request.forms.get("tags")
and the html code from the page is:
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>New Posts</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/newpost" method="POST">
<h2>Post title</h2>
<input type="text" name="subject" size="120" value="{{subject}}" ><br>
<h2>Post<h2>
<textarea name="body" cols="120" rows="20">{{body}}</textarea><br>
<h2>Tags</h2>
<input type="text" name="tags" size="120" value="{{tags}}"><br>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</body>
</html>
I read in Bottle page that:
In Python 3 all strings are unicode, but HTTP is a byte-based wire
protocol. The server has to decode the byte strings somehow before
they are passed to the application. To be on the safe side, WSGI
suggests ISO-8859-1 (aka latin1), a reversible single-byte codec that
can be re-encoded with a different encoding later. Bottle does that
for FormsDict.getunicode() and attribute access, but not for the
dict-access methods. These return the unchanged values as provided by
the server implementation, which is probably not what you want.
request.query['city']
'Göttingen' # An utf8 string provisionally decoded as ISO-8859-1 by the server
request.query.city
'Göttingen' # The same string correctly re-encoded as utf8 by bottle
If you need the whole dictionary with correctly decoded values (e.g. for WTForms), you can call FormsDict.decode() to get a re-encoded copy.
After reading that I tried using that function but don't know how.
Right now Bottle form returns strings, so I can not use encode('utf-8') or decode('utf-8').
Please help me!
Thanks!
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import bottle
#bottle.post('/newpost')
def post_newpost():
subject = bottle.request.forms.subject
body = bottle.request.forms.body
tags = bottle.request.forms.tags
That will do it.... Thanks!
I have a Google app engine in python form submit that POSTS text to a server, and the text gets encoded with the encoding Quoted Printables.
My code for POSTing is this:
<form action={{ upload_url }} method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div class="sigle-form"><textarea name="body" rows="5"></textarea></div>
<div class="sigle-form"><input name="file" type="file" /></div>
</form>
Then the result of the fetching self.request.get('body') will be encoded with the encoding Quoted Printables. I store this in text DB.textProperty() and later sends the text to a HTML template using Django. When i write out the variable using {{ body }}, the result is written with Quoted printable encoding, and it does not seem that there is a way of decoding this in the Django HTML template.
Is there any way of encoding the text in the body thats sent on another way than with Quoted Printables? If not, how to decode this encoding in the Django HTML template?
The result for submiting the text "ÅØÆ" is encoded to " xdjG ", so the sum of the Quoted Prinables are somehow added togheter as well. This happens when more than one special character are present in the encoded text. An ordinary "ø" is encoded to =F8.
EDIT: I get this problem only in production, and this thread seems to talk about the same problem.
If anyone else here on Stack Overflow are doing form submit with blobs and åæøè characters, please respond to this thread on how you have solved it!
Ok, after two days working with this issue i finally resolved it. Its seemingly a bug with Google App Engine that makes the encoding f'ed up in production. When in production the text is sometimes encoded with Quoted Printable encoded, and some other times encoded with base64 encoding. Weird. Here is my solution:
postBody = self.request.get('body')
postBody = postBody.encode('iso-8859-1')
DEBUG = os.environ['SERVER_SOFTWARE'].startswith('Dev')
if DEBUG:
r.body = postBody
else:
postBody += "=" * ((4 - len(postBody) % 4) % 4)
b64 = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(postBody)
Though the resulting b64 can't be stored in the data storage because it's not ascii encoded
'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 5: ordinal not in range(128)
I solved a similar problem by using the Python quopri module to decode the string before passing it to an HTML template.
import quopri
body = quopri.decodestring(body)
This seems to be something to do with the multipart/form-data enctype. Quotable printable encoding is applied to the textarea input, which is then, in my case, submitted via a blobstore upload link. The blobstore returns the text to my upload handler still in encoded form.
Not sure what Quoted Printables are but have you tried safe?
{{ body|safe }}
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/templates/builtins/?from=olddocs#safe