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indexError out of range when there should not be

I have a long line of code that prints a bunch of symbols for graphics, and I just started getting an index out of range error. it is inside a function, and this the code that matters:
at top, after imports(fr termcolor cprint, colored , time, os, random)
rannum = random.randrange(1,20,1)
the function:
def obstacle():
rocknum = random.randrange(0,12,1)
rock = ["on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan","on_cyan"]
rock[rocknum]= "on_cyan"
ongroundls = [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "] #runframe 1 list
pos = rannum
#print(rannum)
if rannum == random.randrange(0,20,1):
#print(rannum, pos)
ongroundls[rannum] = "4"
rock[rocknum] = "on_yellow"
else:
rock[rocknum] = "on_cyan"
#print(colored(ongroundls[0],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[1],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[2],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[3],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[4],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[5],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[6],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[7],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[8],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[9],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[10],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[11],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[12],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[13],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[14],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[15],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[16],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[17],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[18],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[19],"grey",rock[0])+colored(ongroundls[20],"grey",rock[1])+colored(ongroundls[21],"grey",rock[2])+colored(ongroundls[22],"grey",rock[3])+colored(ongroundls[23],"grey",rock[4])+colored(ongroundls[24],"grey",rock[5])+colored(ongroundls[25],"grey",rock[6])+colored(ongroundls[26],"grey",rock[7])+colored(ongroundls[27],"grey",rock[8])+colored(ongroundls[28],"grey",rock[9])+colored(ongroundls[29],"grey",rock[10])+colored(ongroundls[30],"grey",rock[11])+colored(ongroundls[31],"grey",rock[12]))
while pos > 19:
ongroundls[pos] = "#"
pos - 1
if pos == random.randrange(0, 32, 1):
pos == random
print(colored(ongroundls[0],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[1],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[2],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[3],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[4],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[5],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[6],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[7],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[8],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[9],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[10],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[11],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[12],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[13],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[14],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[15],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[16],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[17],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[18],"grey","on_cyan")+colored(ongroundls[19],"grey",rock[0])+colored(ongroundls[20],"grey",rock[1])+colored(ongroundls[21],"grey",rock[2])+colored(ongroundls[22],"grey",rock[3])+colored(ongroundls[23],"grey",rock[4])+colored(ongroundls[24],"grey",rock[5])+colored(ongroundls[25],"grey",rock[6])+colored(ongroundls[26],"grey",rock[7])+colored(ongroundls[27],"grey",rock[8])+colored(ongroundls[28],"grey",rock[9])+colored(ongroundls[29],"grey",rock[10])+colored(ongroundls[30],"grey",rock[11])+colored(ongroundls[31],"grey",rock[12]))
in while loop (buffer is just a small delay and a os.system('cls')
obstacle()
buffer()
rannum = random.randrange(1,20,1)
it was working fine, then I made some minor changes and i cannot seem to fix it. i have tried changing the randrange, and some things are commented out in an attempt to fix it. , so the numbers are not what they were when the problem started. What could I do to fix it?

Your problem is the final line. You hard-coded rock[12] at the end of the print, but rock only has 12 elements, so the last valid index is 11.
As I noted in the comments, even if you fix this, the code is borked; your while loop will either never run, or never exit, because you never change pos within the loop (pos - 1 computes a new value, but never stores it; pos -= 1 is perhaps the intent).

appending to a list copies the last item python

I am trying to use a path finding algorithm and I want it to print all the steps one by one, this is a simplified code with only the important parts. For some reason this prints out 7 same levels that are only the final step, but I need it to print out all of the steps. The problem seems to be in the appending part, but I don't know how to fix it.
level = [
[">","#"," "," "],
[" ","#","#"," "],
[" "," ","#"," "],
["#"," "," "," "],
]
cycle = [[0,0],[1,0],[2,1],[3,2],[3,3],[2,3],[1,3],[0,2]]
output = []
for i in range(len(cycle)-1):
level[cycle[i ][0]][cycle[i ][1]] = " "
level[cycle[i+1][0]][cycle[i+1][1]] = ">"
output.append(level)
for i in output:
for ii in i:
print(ii)
print()
I need someone to solve this problem for me, as anything on this site doesn't work in my exact problem

import copy
level = [
[">","#"," "," "],
[" ","#","#"," "],
[" "," ","#"," "],
["#"," "," "," "],
]
cycle = [[0,0],[1,0],[2,1],[3,2],[3,3],[2,3],[1,3],[0,2]]
output = []
for i in range(len(cycle)-1):
level_copy = copy.deepcopy(level)
level_copy[cycle[i ][0]][cycle[i ][1]] = " "
level_copy[cycle[i+1][0]][cycle[i+1][1]] = ">"
output.append(level_copy)
for i in output:
for ii in i:
print(ii)
print()
When you do level[cycle[i ][0]][cycle[i ][1]] = " " inside the loop, you are referring to the same level object defined in the first line. So you do end up putting level multiple times, but they all are referring to the same object and hence contain the value that was written in the last iteration of loop.
level = []
output = []
for i in range (2):
if i == 0:
level.append(1)
level.append(2)
else
level.append(24)
level.append(25)
output.append(level)
i = 0: Start: level=[], end: level=[1,2]
i = 1: Start: level=[1,2] end: level=[1,2,24,25] // Observe that it starts with state left at end of first iteration as we are still referring to the same object in memory referred to by variable level.

How to make a 2D list with every element(list) is created by union of two other lists?

I have two lists:
D1=[["a "," "," "," "," "," "],["b "," ","o"," "," "," "],["c ","x"," "," "," "," "],["d "," "," "," "," "," "],["e "," "," "," "," "," "]]
D2=[["a "," ","o"," ","x"," "],
["b "," "," "," "," "," "],["c "," "," "," "," "," "],["d "," "," "," "," "," "],["e "," "," "," "," "," "]]
D=[]
I want to make a list D so,D[i]=D1[i] + D2[i],for example the first element(list) looks like this:
D=[["a "," "," "," "," "," ","a "," ","o"," ","x"," "],...]
Please help me I am new in python

Try this:
D = [i+j for i,j in zip(D1,D2)]
if lengths are different it will cut the rest and go forward to the minimum of D1, D2. if you want the opposite, use zip_longest, like this:
from itertools import zip_longest
D = [i+j for i,j in zip_longest(D1,D2)]
But both will work if D1 and D2 have the same length.

Straightforward from your will (D[i] = D1[i] + D2[i]), the simplest way is to use comprehension lists. Asumming len(D1) == len(D2), :
D = [ D1[i] + D2[i] for i in range(len(D1)) ]
will do the job.

First copy D1 to D, if you don't want to alter D1. Then use extend method in python. It'll add all elements of list2 to list1.
Here is a simple code: though the time complexity of this code is O (n^2), it can be improved.
D1=[["a "," "," "," "," "," "],["b "," ","o"," "," "," "],["c ","x"," "," "," "," "],["d "," "," "," "," "," "],["e "," "," "," "," "," "]]
D2=[["a "," ","o"," ","x"," "],
["b "," "," "," "," "," "],["c "," "," "," "," "," "],["d "," "," "," "," "," "],["e "," "," "," "," "," "]]
D = D1 [:]
for i in range (len (D)):
D[i].extend (D2 [i])
print D

Identifying if the strings in one list exist in another list of strings

I'm working on a problem where I need to go through the items of a passage and identify the words that are "unknown". I have two lists.
The first (the passage):
["this","is","a","test","does","it","work"]
And a list of "known" words:
["this","is","a","test"]
I'm a pretty elementary coder in Python, so I'm trying to use nested for-loops, going through the items of the passage list checking them against the words in the "known" list, but I'm facing some problems.
for word in passage:
for word1 in known:
if word == word1:
print word + " "
else:
print "* " + word + " * "
The expected result would be >>>"this is a test * does * * it * * work *"

Try this:
def identify(passage, known_words):
result = [i if i in known_words else "* " + i + " *" for i in passage]
return " ".join(result)
Result:
>>> identify(["this","is","a","test","does","it","work"], ["this","is","a","test"])
'this is a test * does * * it * * work *'

I should make my comment an answer, I guess. Python has a neat feature; namely the keyword in that you're already using in the two for loops.
in also allows you to search a list, tuple or dictionary for the existence of a variable, phrase, etc. without the use of an explicit forloop.
So instead of:
for word in passage:
for word1 in known:
...
You can simply write:
for word in passage:
# here, python will search the entire list (known) for word
if word in known:
print word + " "
else:
print "* " + word + " * "

passage = ['this','is','a','test','does','it','work']
known_words = ['this','is','a','test']
new_string = []
for word in passage:
if word in known_words:
new_string.append(word + " ")
else:
new_string.append("* " + word + " * ")
print ''.join(new_string)
output: this is a test * does * * it * * work *

Python creating a 1D and 2D image

The code below was provided to us and it basically prints that image which is shown in the second function:
import sys
# CONSTANTS
MIN_ROW = 0
MAX_ROW = 9
MIN_COLUMN = 0
MAX_COLUMN = 9
WALL = "#"
BUILDING = "b"
BUSH = "u"
PLAYER = "#"
EMPTY = " "
STAIRS = "X"
def display (city):
r = 0
c = 0
print("CITY LEVEL")
for r in range (0, (MAX_ROW+1), 1): #LOOPS1
for c in range (0, (MAX_COLUMN+1), 1):
sys.stdout.write(city[r][c])
print()
print()
def initialize ():
r = 0
c = 0
city = []
for r in range (0, (MAX_ROW+1), 1): #LOOP2
city.append([])#appends an empty list to city
for c in range (0, (MAX_COLUMN+1), 1):
city[r].append(" ")
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
city [0] = ["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"]
city [1] = ["#","#"," "," "," "," "," "," ","u","#"]
city [2] = ["#"," "," ","b","b"," "," "," ","X","#"]
city [3] = ["#"," "," ","b","b"," "," "," "," ","#"]
city [4] = ["#"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","b","#"]
city [5] = ["#","u"," ","u","u","u","u","u","u","#"]
city [6] = ["#","b"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","#"]
city [7] = ["#"," "," "," "," ","b"," ","b"," ","#"]
city [8] = ["#"," "," "," ","b"," "," "," "," ","#"]
city [9] = ["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"]
return city
# MAIN
def main ():
level = initialize ()
display (level)
main ()
Now I am trying to reproduce this for a 1D picture but for some reason I am running into type errors for the sys.stdout.write() of the first function. It seems to be trying to print the entire list compared to just one character of it. Can anyone help me debug?. Also can someone please tell me what is going on in the loops in the above code labelled LOOPS1 AND LOOPS2
import sys
def display(track):
c=0
for c in range(0,20,1):
sys.stdout.write(track[c])
print()
def initialize():
c=0
track= []
for c in range(0,20,1):
track.append([])
track[c].append(" ")
track[0]= ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t"]
return track
level= initialize()
display(level)
If anything is unclear please let me know and I will fix it asap.
EDIT: CODE FOR MY PROGRAM:
import sys
import random
# CONSTANTS
PLAYER = "#"
EMPTY = " "
#Takes the information from the function initialize() and displays it. Outputs the fitness simulation.
def display (track):
r = 0
c = 0
print("\nTRACK")
for r in range (0, (4), 1):
for c in range (0, (41), 1):
sys.stdout.write(track[r][c])
print()
print()
def speedDisplay(speed):
options=["(w)alk","(j)og","(r)un","(f)ast run"]
for o in range(0,speed,1):
print(options[o],"\n")
def inputs():#ioerror here?
values= set("wWjJrRfFlLsSeE")
while True:
move=input("\nPlease select the speed you would like to travel at from the options listed:")
for m in move:
if m not in values:
print("\nInadmissable entry, Please only use inputs valid in the options above.")
break
else:
break
if move=="w" or move=="W":
usedEnergy=0#turn into random functions later
elif move=="j" or move=="J":
usedEnergy=1
elif move=="r" or move=="R":
usedEnergy=2
elif move=="f" or move=="F":
usedEnergy=5
return usedEnergy
def remainingEnergy(energy,usedEnergy):
energy= energy-usedEnergy
print("\nRemaining Energy:",energy,"\n")
return energy
def amountLeft(energy):
# enter ioexception error here somewhere?
while True:
if energy <0 or energy >20:
print("error")
elif energy>=5:
speed=4
elif energy <5 and energy >=2:
speed=3
elif energy <2 and energy >=1:
speed=2
elif energy <1 and energy >=0:
speed=1
else:
break
return speed
# This function is used to initialize the game track that will later be displayed.
def initialize ():
r = 0
c = 0
track = []
#Creates each row and column. A "for" loop initiates which creates and appends an empty list to the list "track". Then, taking the current row into consideration, the respective number of columns are created via the inner "for loop and a space is appended to the end of the current row. The loop re-initiates and the process is repeated for all 4 required rows. This results in 4 rows and 41 coloumns.
for r in range (0, (4), 1):
#appends an empty list to track
track.append([])
for c in range (0, (41), 1):
#appends a space to the current row
track[r].append(" ")
# the actual rows and columns are created below.
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
track [0] = [" ","0"," ","1"," ","2"," ","3"," ","4"," ","5"," ","6"," ","7"," ","8"," ","9"," ","A"," ","B"," ","C"," ","D"," ","E"," ","F"," ","G"," ","H"," ","I"," ","J"," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "]
track [1] = [" ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," "]
track [2] = ["|","#","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"," ","|"]
track [3] = [" ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," ","-"," "]
return track
def move (sRow, sCol, dRow, dCol, track):
EMPTY= " "
PLAYER= "#"
DIVIDER= "|"
track[sRow][sCol] = EMPTY
track[dRow][dCol] = PLAYER
# MAIN
def main ():
track = initialize ()
display (track)
print("\n(w)alk\n\n(j)og\n\n(r)un\n\n(f)ast run")
usedEnergy=inputs()
energy=20
energy=remainingEnergy(energy,usedEnergy)
while energy<20:
usedEnergy=inputs()
speed= amountLeft(energy)
speedDisplay(speed)
energy=remainingEnergy(energy,usedEnergy)
main ()

Well, this works:
import sys
def display(track):
c=0
for c in range(0,20,1):
sys.stdout.write(track[c])
print()
def initialize():
c=0
track = ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t"]
return track
level= initialize()
display(level)
Your problem was you had a mismatch in how you're handling track. In initialize you were creating it as a list of lists but in display you were accessing it as if it were just a list of characters. Making both a list of characters was simpler, making both a list of list of chars is more general (allows same function to be used for 1D and 2D case).
What's going on in the first loop?
From display in your first code block:
for r in range (0, (MAX_ROW+1), 1): #LOOPS1
for c in range (0, (MAX_COLUMN+1), 1):
sys.stdout.write(city[r][c])
print()
print()
R is a row index that varies from 0 to MAX_ROW, 0 - 9. C is a column index that varies from 0 to MAX_COLUMN, 0 - 9.
sys.stdout.write(city[r][c]) writes out the current row and column of city (which has been set to a single character) without a newline.
You're code is probably Python 3 due to the print() statements. It would probably help if you mentioned or tagged that.
I'm running Python 2.7 so I'll use the old print syntax so I can test the the code I'm posting. You'll probably have to revert it back (add parens).
I would write this as:
def display (city):
print("CITY LEVEL")
for row in city:
for c in row:
print c,
print
print
In Python 2 a comma at the end of a print suppresses the newline.
What's going on in the second loop?
From initialize in your first code block:
for r in range (0, (MAX_ROW+1), 1):
r will be 0 to MAX_ROW, 0-9
city.append([])#appends an empty list to city
city is a list. This appends an empty list to city.
for c in range (0, (MAX_COLUMN+1), 1):
c will b 0 to MAX_COLUMN, 0-9
city[r].append(" ")
Append a space character to the current row.
I would write this as:
def initialize():
city = [
# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"], # 0
["#","#"," "," "," "," "," "," ","u","#"], # 1
["#"," "," ","b","b"," "," "," ","X","#"], # 2
["#"," "," ","b","b"," "," "," "," ","#"], # 3
["#"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","b","#"], # 4
["#","u"," ","u","u","u","u","u","u","#"], # 5
["#","b"," "," "," "," "," "," "," ","#"], # 6
["#"," "," "," "," ","b"," ","b"," ","#"], # 7
["#"," "," "," ","b"," "," "," "," ","#"], # 8
["#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#","#"], # 9
]
return city
about city.append([])
In initialize there is a line (in the first for loop):
city.append([])#appends an empty list to city
Before the loop is entered city is:
[]
Right after the first append city is:
[[]]
That is a list that contains one item, an empty list.
If the line were:
city.append(0)
It would be:
[0]
Or:
city.append("Jim")
It would give you:
["Jim"]
But we stick another list inside the list, creating a list of lists.
I hope this helps.