I'm writing up the code for the RSA algorithm as a project. With those who are familiar woth this encryption system,the function below calculates the value of phi(n). However when I run this, it comes up this error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python27\RSA.py", line 127, in <module>
phi_n()
File "C:\Python27\RSA.py", line 30, in phi_n
prime_f = prime_list[random.randint(0,length)]
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 241, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 217, in randrange
raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width)
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0,0, 0)
I don't fully understand why this error is coming up. Here is my code for the phi_n function:
def phi_n():
global prime_list
length = len(prime_list) - 1
prime_f = prime_list[random.randint(0,length)]
prime_s = prime_list[random.randint(0,length)]
global pq
n = prime_f * prime_s
global phi_n
phi_n = (prime_f -1) * (prime_s -1)
return phi_n
Comment will be appreciated.
Thanks
The problem is prime_list is empty and therefore length will equal -1 resulting in the call random.randint(0, -1) which is invalid for obvious reasons.
Related
I try to export random proxy from a webpage with this script:
def randProxy():
url = 'https://free-proxy-list.net/anonymous-proxy.html'
response = requests.get(url)
parser = fromstring(response.text)
proxies = []
for i in parser.xpath('//tbody/tr')[:20]:
if i.xpath('.//td[7][contains(text(),"yes")]'):
proxy = ":".join([i.xpath('.//td[1]/text()')[0], i.xpath('.//td[2]/text()')[0]])
try:
t = requests.get("https://www.google.com/", proxies={"http": proxy, "https": proxy}, timeout=5)
if t.status_code == requests.codes.ok:
proxies.append(proxy)
except:
pass
proxy = proxies[random.randint(0, len(proxies)-1)]
px={"http": proxy, "https": proxy}
randProxy()
but when i try i get this error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\natan\OneDrive\Dokumen\Private-Folder\Project\WtD\main.py", line 51, in <module>
randProxy()
File "C:\Users\natan\OneDrive\Dokumen\Private-Folder\Project\WtD\main.py", line 33, in randProxy
proxy = proxies[random.randint(0, len(proxies)-1)]
File "C:\Users\natan\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\random.py", line 339, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Users\natan\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\random.py", line 317, in randrange
raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d, %d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0, 0, 0)
Are anyone know how to fix this? i only want to get some random proxy
That happens when the second argument is a negative. Look here.
import random
print(random.randint(0,-1))
output
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python3.8/random.py", line 248, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "/usr/lib/python3.8/random.py", line 226, in randrange
raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d, %d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0, 0, 0)
So maybe find a fix for changing the last parameter to something positive.
I believe it's actually because the first number has to be smaller than the second number. I just ran a program and had the same issue with random.randint(-50, -100) then switched the numbers and it worked
I had a problem, when i apply arcface implementation from this repo, i got error.
From this line code:
face_imgs_resized = np.array(face_imgs_resized)
face_imgs_resized = np.rollaxis(face_imgs_resized, 3, 1)
data = self.mx.nd.array(face_imgs_resized)
db = self.mx.io.DataBatch(data=(data,))
self.model.forward(db, is_train=False)
And the error:
self.model.forward(db, is_train=False)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/module/module.py", line 625, in forward
self.exec_group.forward(data_batch, is_train)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/module/executor_group.py", line 450, in forward
load_data(data_batch, self.data_arrays, self.data_layouts)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/module/executor_group.py", line 74, in _load_data
_load_general(batch.data, targets, major_axis)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/module/executor_group.py", line 48, in _load_general
d_src[slice_idx.start:slice_idx.stop].copyto(d_dst)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/ndarray/ndarray.py", line 506, in __getitem
return self._get_nd_basic_indexing(key)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/ndarray/ndarray.py", line 787, in _get_nd_basic_indexing
return self._slice(key.start, key.stop)
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/ndarray/ndarray.py", line 902, in _slice
start, stop, _ = _get_index_range(start, stop, self.shape[0])
File "/root/miniconda/envs/roy/lib/python3.7/site-packages/mxnet/ndarray/ndarray.py", line 2327, in _get_index_range
raise IndexError('Slicing stop %d exceeds limit of %d' % (stop, length))
IndexError: Slicing stop 2 exceeds limit of 1
So anyone ever met this error before? And please show me how to fix it.
You are passing a NDArray to DataBatch when DataBatch is accepting an array of NDArrays, each array being of size batch_size.
Can you try this?
face_imgs_resized = np.ones((128,224,224,3))
face_imgs_resized = np.array(face_imgs_resized)
face_imgs_resized = np.rollaxis(face_imgs_resized, 3, 1)
data = mx.nd.array(face_imgs_resized)
db = mx.io.DataBatch(data=mx.nd.split_v2(data, 4))
self.model.forward(db, is_train=False)
I'm working on a project that calls a Markov Chain module. I've scraped data and composed a basic text generating file, but keep getting an error that I don't understand. My code looks like:
from markov_python.cc_markov import MarkovChain
mc = MarkovChain()
mc.add_file('C:\EclipseWorkspaces\csse120\markov_chain\src\lyrics.txt')
mc.add_string('shape')
print mc.generate_text(10)
The error I get is:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\EclipseWorkspaces\csse120\markov_chain\src\run.py", line 14, in <module>
print mc.generate_text(10)
File "C:\EclipseWorkspaces\csse120\markov_chain\src\markov_python\cc_markov.py", line 61, in generate_text
idx = random.randint(0, len(self.lookup_dict)-1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 244, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 220, in randrange
raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width)
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0,0, 0)
And here is the code it is calling back to:
def generate_text(self, max_length=20):
context = deque()
output = []
if len(self.lookup_dict) > 0:
self.__seed_me(rand_seed=len(self.lookup_dict))
idx = random.randint(0, len(self.lookup_dict)-1)
chain_head = list(self.lookup_dict.keys()[idx])
context.extend(chain_head)
Not sure what to do. Please advise.
I'm having this really weird error and I have no idea what it is.
This is my code:
def wordChoice():
theme = themechoice
word = theme[randint(0, len(theme) - 1)]
This is the error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Andrei\Documents\USB Backup\Python\Hangman.py", line 31, in wordChoice
word = theme[randint(0, len(theme) - 1)]
File "C:\Users\Andrei\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\random.py", line 218, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Users\Andrei\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\random.py", line 196, in randrange
raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0,0, 0)
I've searched everywhere but I can't find anything. I'm also kind of a newb so sorry if it was something obvious.
EDIT:
Before i set theme to this:
def themeChoice():
n = 0
for i in themes:
n += 1
print(str(n) + " - " + i)
themechoice = themesToThemes[themes[int(input("Type the number corresponding to your chosen theme: ")) - 1]]
print (themechoice)
This error will occur when theme is empty.
>>> theme = []
>>> random.randint(0, len(theme)-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Programming\Python 3.5\lib\random.py", line 218, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Programming\Python 3.5\lib\random.py", line 196, in randrange
raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (0,0, 0)
Make sure theme actually has elements in it before trying to randomly choose an element from it. Also, consider using random.choice instead of manually generating an index with randint.
I've been able to duplicate this error multiple times in my poker program and tried various unsuccessful solutions. Here's the latest:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Pangloss\Desktop\tgchanpoker\poker.py", line 1868, in <module>
if __name__ == '__main__': main()
File "C:\Users\Pangloss\Desktop\tgchanpoker\poker.py", line 1866, in main
mainGame = Game(opponent)
File "C:\Users\Pangloss\Desktop\tgchanpoker\poker.py", line 1443, in __init__
if randint(1,betCheck+(10-handValue[1]))<5 or gameStage == "bettingStay":
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 241, in randint
return self.randrange(a, b+1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\random.py", line 217, in randrange
raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width)
ValueError: empty range for randrange() (1,-7, -8)
And here's the relevant code:
handValue = checkHand(opponent.cards.cards)
if gameStage == "betting" or gameStage == "final" or gameStage == "finalresponding":
betCheck = 18-handValue[1]-round(betAmount/(setMax/5))+opponent.brashness
elif gameStage == "extendedFinal":
betCheck = 16-handValue[1]-round(betAmount/(setMax/5))+opponent.brashness-(pot/100)
else:
betCheck = 16-handValue[1]-round(betAmount/(setMax/5))+opponent.brashness
foldCheck = 16-handValue[1]-round(betAmount/(setMax/3))+opponent.brashness+(pot/100)
if randint(1,betCheck+(10-handValue[1]))<5 or gameStage == "bettingStay":
this code
randint(1,betCheck+(10-handValue[1]))
is giving you this
randrange(1,-7,-8)
This means that betCheck+(10-handValue[1]) is giving you -8
That range will not give you any number at all, because betCheck+(10-handValue[1])) is a negative number and the range is invalid
You need to examine the code that sets betcheck and handvalue[1] to see why it is so negative
Check your value of betCheck+(10-handValue[1]). From the traceback, it is -8.