I just checked my webspace and it's signature says: Apache/2.2.9 (Debian) mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.5.2 mod_ssl/2.2.9 OpenSSL/0.9.8g
This give me hope that Python is somehow supported. Why is python listed twice? mod_python/3.3.1 AND Python/2.5.2 ???
There is a cgi-bin folder on my webspace.
What I want to do: I need to do a cross-site call to get some text-data from a server. The text-data is not JSON but I guess I should convert it to JSON (or is there an option to do cross-site without JSON?)
The python script gets the request for some JSONP. Depending on the request (I guess I should somehow parse the URL) the python script is to load the a requested text-data file from the webserver and wrap it in some JSON and return it.
Can somebody tell me how I do these three steps with python on my webspace?
First off, the signature isn't listing python twice. Its listing first the version of mod_python, which is an Apache web server plugin, then it is listing the version of the python interpreter on the system.
python cgi module - This is really an inefficient approach to writing python server code, but here it is. Ultimately you should consider one of the many amazing python web frameworks out there. But, using the cgi module, your response would always start with this:
print 'Content-Type: application/json\n\n'
Your python script would run on the server from an HTTP request. In that script you would check the request and determine the data you will want to serve from either the URL value or the query string.
At the very least you would just wrap your return value in a basic JSON data structure. The text data itself can just be a string:
import json
text_data = "FOO"
json_data = json.dumps({'text': text_data})
print json_data
# {"text": "FOO"}
For the JSONP aspect, you would usually check the query string to see if the request contains a specific name for the callback function the client wants, or just default to 'callback'
print "callback(%s);" % json_data
# callback({"text": "FOO"});
Returning that would be a JSONP type response, because when the client receives it, the callback is executed for the client.
And to conclude, let me add that you should be aware that python cgi scripts will need to start a brand new python interpreter process for every single request (even repeat requests from the same client). This can easily overwhelm a server under increased load. For this reason, people usually go with the wsgi route (mod_wsgi in apache). wsgi allows a persistant application to keep running, and handles ongoing requests.
Related
Here is how I want my program to work. Step 2 is what I am unsure of how to implement.
Client makes API call to /email endpoint
/email endpoint has a script run that gather emails from GMAIL API
Put contents into response object
Returns response object back to client
I understand how to make a static api response. But I can't get a python script to run when the api endpoint is hit.
I saw the flask tag in your post.
I only played around with flask for certain interviews, but know enough to say calling a python script outside your running server is somewhat of an antipattern.
I assume your backend is a flask app, so ideally, you'd want to wrap whatever script you have in your python script file in a function and simply call it from your flask method when the endpoint is hit.
Something like:
from flask import Flask
from custom_emails_module import gather_email
#api.route('/email', methods=["GET"])
def method_associated_with_your_endpoint():
# additional
gather_email()
where custom_emails_module should be the module you create for your gather_emails script.
Now, at the end of your gather_emails function, simple remember to return the correct type, usually done with:
return json.dumps("success": True, "data": python_object_with_several_emails)
Use something like PostMan for local debugging and remember to use application/json in header for Content-Type.
Good luck!
Please provide me any example and installation process in python.
Example required is: Python file should available in localhost and server file should available in other system or remote server.So when I run the python file then Api should call for return json from the server file which is present in remote system
Although your question seems a bit unclear but what I infer is that you want a REST API which returns a JSON response after running a business logic on the request params/body.
You might want to have a look at http://www.django-rest-framework.org/ to start with writing a REST API with django-rest-framework.
If you are sure that your server is responding with the data, you can use python requests to send a call to your API and retrieve the data.
import requests
datatosend = {"first_name": "bleh", "last_name": "bleh"}
send = requests.post("http//your_url", data=datatosend)
print(send.content)
If you want a web form to post the data, please do some google search, you would get one.
How could I send a string(shell script file name) from an android app to a python program on my pc, and have python execute the script named in said string?
I have the python script done... doThis(./openNetflix) will run the ./openNetflix script, which as you probably guessed opens Netflix.
How do I configure a python server to recieve a string and pass it to my doThis(scriptNameString) function?
I started writing a bit lengthy comment on this case, but when you are approaching chars limit for a comment it's good to convert it into an answer I guess!
Easiest way to do this task would be with one of many excellent python libraries for creating REST services. My personal favourite is bottle, and implementing this type of service in with bottle would be as simple as:
from bottle import route, run, template
#route('/execute/<command>')
def execute(command):
if command == "list_blogs":
// Do something 1
elif command == "format_c":
// Do something 2
run(host='localhost', port=79897)
This will not only provide you with the REST service, but will also put a iron wall between user input and actual execution, so the user input will not get mangled with the file you are trying to execute. Just remember to never use command variable anywhere outside of the if/else.
As you can notice this comes with a weakness - anyone with this link can call those functions and potentially cause denial of service, or maybe even actual damage. This is why it would be nice to have some sort of control and added security, to know that the request was made from valid client.
There are many ways to tackle this issue, i strongly encourage you to have a deeper look into those available. Very simple one would be to store on your server a dict of keys and salts, like that:
salts["here_you_put_random_hash_as_key"] = "and_here_the_salt"
And then you also store the salt and key for this specific client in the clients code. Then when client makes a request he includes his key and a checksum (which consists of md5 made from the command, clients salt key and, for example, current hour) as additional arguments. Then when you receive the request and all 3 variables, you try to create your own checksum using same data (so you pick the salt for client key provided and calculate md5 for that salt, current hour and command coming from the client) and if they match then you know that the request is valid.
I wonder how can I send cookie and phpssid with urllib2 in python?
Actually I want to read a page I've logged in with my browser, but when I try to read it with this script I encounter a text which seems to say that you've missed something.
My script :
#!/usr/bin/python
import urllib2
f = urllib2.urlopen('http://mywebsite.com/sub/create.php?id=20')
content = f.read()
file = open('file.txt', 'w')
file.write(content)
file.close()
The error message I save instead of the real page :
Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/app/mywidgets.php:1) in /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/app/mywidgets.php on line 23
Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/app/mywidgets.php:1) in /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/app/mywidgets.php on line 23
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/app/mywidgets.php:1) in /home/number/domains/1number.com/public_html/s4/lib/webservice.php on line 0
What is the exact problem?(Please give me a simple way to implement what I want)
Thanks in advance
For the SID, one of the ways to send that is as part of the query string, and you're already doing that. At least I assume that's what the id=20 part of your URL is.
For cookies, everything you want is in cookielib.
Just creating a CookieJar to use for a session with the server is trivial. If you want to import cookies from your browser, there are three possibilities:
If your browser uses the old Netscape cookie file format, you can use FileCookieJar.
If your browser uses a sqlite database (as at least Firefox and Safari/Chrome do), use the sqlite3 module to read it, and populate a CookieJar manually.
If worst comes to worst, copy and paste the cookies from your browser into your script as hardcoded strings and popular a CookieJar manually.
If you don't want to read the docs on how to use cookielib, just see the examples at the end, which show how to use a CookieJar with urllib2, which is exactly what you want to do.
If you have a problem, read the docs.
Meanwhile, what you're showing us are (a) warnings, not errors, and (b) obviously a problem on the server side, not your script. The server should never be spewing out a bunch of warnings and an otherwise-blank page. If you, or one of your coworkers, is responsible for the server code, that needs to be fixed first (and your current simple Python script can serve as a great regression test case).
I have been trying, in vain, to make a program that reads text out loud using the web application found here (http://www.ispeech.org/text.to.speech.demo.php). It is a demo text-to-speech program, that works very well, and is relatively fast. What I am trying to do is make a Python program that would input text to the application, then output the result. The result, in this case, would be sound. Is there any way in Python to do this, like, say, a library? And if not, is it possible to do this through any other means? I have looked into the iSpeech API (found here), but the only problem with it is that there is a limited number of free uses (I believe that it is 200). While this program is only meant to be used a couple of times, I would rather it be able to use the service more then 200 times. Also, if this solution is impractical, could anyone direct me towards another alternative?
# AKX I am currently using eSpeak, and it works well. It just, well, doesn't sound too good, and it is hard to tell at times what is being said.
If using iSpeech is not required, there's a decent (it's surely not as beautifully articulated as many commercial solutions) open-source text-to-speech solution available called eSpeak.
It's usable from the command line (subprocess with Python), or as a shared library. It seems there's also a Python wrapper (python-espeak) for it.
Hope this helps.
OK. I found a way to do it, seems to work fine. Thanks to everyone who helped! Here is the code I'm using:
from urllib import quote_plus
def speak(text):
import pydshow
words = text.split()
temp = []
stuff = []
while words:
temp.append(words.pop(0))
if len(temp) == 24:
stuff.append(' '.join(temp))
temp = []
stuff.append(' '.join(temp))
for i in stuff:
pydshow.PlayFileWait('http://api.ispeech.org/api/rest?apikey=8d1e2e5d3909929860aede288d6b974e&format=mp3&action=convert&voice=ukenglishmale&text='+quote_plus(i))
if __name__ == '__main__':
speak('Hello. This is a text-to speech test.')
I find this ideal because it DOES use the API, but it uses the API key that is used for the demo program. Therefore, it never runs out. The key is 8d1e2e5d3909929860aede288d6b974e.
You can actually test this at work without the program, by typing the following into your address bar:
http://api.ispeech.org/api/rest?apikey=8d1e2e5d3909929860aede288d6b974e&format=mp3&action=convert&voice=ukenglishmale&text=
Followed by the text you want to speak. You can also adjust the language, by changing, in this case, the ukenglishmale to something else that iSpeech offers. For example, ukenglishfemale. This will speak the same text, but in a feminine voice.
NOTE: Pydshow is my wrapper around DirectShow. You can use yours instead.
The flow of your application would be like this:
Client-side: User inputs text into form, and form submits a request to server
Server: may be python or whatever language/framework you want. Receives http request with text.
Server: Runs text-to-speech either with pure python library or by running a subprocess to a utility that can generate speech as a wav/mp3/aiff/etc
Server: Sends HTTP response back by streaming file with a mime type to Client
Client: Receives the http response and plays the content
Specifically about step 3...
I don't have any particular advise on the most articulate open source speech synthesizing software available, but I can say that it does not have to necessarily be pure python, or even python at all for that matter. Most of these packages have some form of a command line utility to take stdin or a file and produce an audio file as output. You would simply launch this utility as a subprocess to generate the file, and then stream the file back in your http response.
If you decide to make use of an existing web service that provides text-to-speech via an API (iSpeech), then step 3 would be replaced with making your own server-side http request out to iSpeech, receiving the response and pretty much forwarding that response back to the original client request, like a proxy. I would say the benefit is not having to maintain your own speech synthesis solution or getting better quality that you could from an open source... but the downside is that you probably will have a bit more latency in your response time since your server has to make its own external http request and download the data first.