I have this
a = "'Something': False"
I want it to be this
a = 'Something': False
How do I do it? I can strip things within the double quotation marks, but not the quotation marks itself. Have researched, cant find. I have mind block at moment. Sorry
Im trying to do this:
query_results = UserProfile.objects.filter(Location: location, Gender: gender).extra(select={'rank': a > 0}, order_by=['-rank'])
where Location = Someplace and Gender = Male or Female.
But what about when i did not want a specific gender or location. The only thing i could think of to do was to do
Location__isnull:False, Gender__isnull:False
But i cant have both
Location:location, Location__isnull:False.
Thus i have to have the location argument as a variable.
How could i then do this. The information referring to Location and gender is coming from a request.GET
I cant post my code as i keep deleting and changing spaghetti to try make something edible.
For what you're trying to do, the easiest way is to build up a dictionary of the arguments you want to supply, then pass them to the filter() call. Here's some non-working sample code that might get you heading in the right direction.
arguments = {}
if location is not None:
arguments['Location'] = location
else:
arguments['Location__isnull'] = False
if gender is not None:
arguments['Gender'] = gender
else:
arguments['Gender__isnull'] = False
query_results = UserProfile.objects.filter(**arguments)
It's not clear from your question whether or not you really need to search these for records which are not null. An empty .filter() would return all the records just as if you'd called .all(), and if you use the pattern I've suggested, you could omit all the else clauses and just feed filter(**arguments) an empty dictionary.
In other words, you only need to specify the query terms you really require, and do that by adding them to the arguments dictionary. Then you call filter with **arguments. The ** is a special Python syntax that says "take all the key/value pairs in this dictionary and turn them into keyword arguments for this function."
You can't. This is not valid python syntax: 'Something': False ... unless it's inside a dictionary: {'Something': False}. And no, you can not assign 'Something': False to a variable.
stufftofilter = {}
if shouldFilterLocation:
stufftofilter['Location'] = 'thelocation'
# etc
query_set = UserProfile.objects.extra(select={'rank':a>0}, order_by=['-rank'])
if stufftofilter:
query_set.filter(**stufftofilter)
Related
With .format we can unpack a dictionary into a string template. That's the only thing I haven't found how to do with f-strings.
Is there a way to do it?
E.g. how to do this with f-strings?
template = "my values: {number} {item}"
values = dict(number=1, item='box')
print(template.format(**values))
Edit:
I thought you can have f-string templates for undefined values with something like this, but it doesn't work either:
template2 = "my values: {(number := None)} {(item := None)}" # values are immutable after defining
values = dict(number=1, item='box')
# how to unpack `values` into `template2`, is it possible?
I'm aware of the longer ways to do it, what I'm looking for is only whether it's possible to use unpacking. Cheers!!
Not that I am aware of with f-strings, but there are string templates:
from string import Template
template = Template("my values: $number $item")
values = dict(number=1, item='box')
print(template.substitute(**values)) # my values: 1 box
What's wrong with these:
values = dict(number=1, item='box')
print(f"{values=}")
print(f"values= {values['number']} {values['item']}{values.get('missing')}")
which gets you:
values={'number': 1, 'item': 'box'}
values= 1 box None
Or do you want to declare your f-string before you've set up the dict and then plug in the dict? Sorry, no can do, f-strings get evaluated right away, they are not really pre-defined templates.
Pre-defined templates hack
I've worked a lot with templates, usually the %(foo)s kind or else Jinja2 templates and have missed the capability to pass templates around, when using f-strings.
This below is a hack, but it does allow doing that, after a fashion. Thought of doing that a while back, never tried it though.
def template_1(**values):
number = values["number"]
item = values["item"]
missing = values.get("missing")
return f"values1= {number} {item} {missing}"
def template_2(**values):
return f"values2= {values['number']} {values['item']} {values.get('missing')}"
print(template_1(**values))
def do_it(t, **kwargs):
return t(**kwargs)
print(do_it(template_2,missing=3, **values))
Output
values1= 1 box None
values2= 1 box 3
I am creating a dictionary with "Full Name": "Birthday" for numerous people as an exercise.
The program should ask
"Who's birthday do you want to look up?"
I will input a name, say "Benjamin Franklin"
And it will return his birthday: 1706/01/17.
Alright, the problem I am encountering is name capitalization.
How can I input "benjamin franklin" and still find "Benjamin Franklin" in my dictionary? I am familiar with .lower() and .upper() functions, however I am not able to implement them correctly, is that the right way to approach this problem?
Here is what I have
bday_dict = {"Person1": "YYYY/MM/DD1",
"Person2": "YYYY/MM/DD2",
"Benjamin Franklin": "1706/01/17"}
def get_name(dict_name):
name = input("Who's birthday do you want to look up? > ")
return name
def find_bday(name):
print(bday_dict[name])
find_bday(get_name(bday_dict))
The best way to do this is to keep the keys in your dictionary lowercase. If you can't do that for whatever reason, have a dictionary from lowercase to the real key, and then keep the original dictionary.
Otherwise, Kraigolas's solution works well, but it is O(N) whereas hashmaps are supposed to be constant-time, and thus for really large dictionaries the other answer will not scale.
So, when you are setting your keys, do bday_dict[name.lower()] = value and then you can query by bday_dict[input.lower()].
Alternatively:
bday_dict = {"John": 1}
name_dict = {"john": "John"}
def access(x):
return bday_dict[name_dict[x.lower()]]
Probably the most straight forward way I can think of to solve this is the following:
def get_birthday(name):
global bday_dict
for person, bday in bday_dict.items():
if name.lower() == person.lower():
return bday
return "This person is not in bday_dict"
Here, you just iterate through the entire dictionary using the person's name paired with their birthday, and if we don't find them, just return a message saying we don't have their birthday.
If you know that all names will capitalize the first letter of each word, you can just use:
name = ' '.join([word.capitalize() for word in name.split()])
then you can just search for that. This is not always the case. For example, for "Leonardo da Vinci" this will not work, so the original answer is probably the most reliable way to do this.
One final way to do this would be to just store the names as lowercase from the beginning in your dictionary, but this might not be practical when you want to draw a name from the dictionary as well.
Depending what your exercise allows, I would put the names in the dictionary as all lowercase or uppercase. So:
bday_dict = {"person1": "YYYY/MM/DD1",
"person2": "YYYY/MM/DD2",
"benjamin franklin": "1706/01/17"}
And then look up the entered name in the dictionary like this:
def find_bday(name):
print(bday_dict[name.lower()])
You may also want to do a check that the name is in the dictionary beforehand to avoid an error:
def find_bday(name):
bday = bday_dict.get(name.lower(), None)
if bday:
print(bday)
else:
print("No result for {}.".format(name))
Not quite sure what the correct title should be.
I have a function with 2 inputs def color_matching(color_old, color_new). This function should check the strings in both arguments and assign either a new string if there is a hit.
def color_matching(color_old, color_new):
if ('<color: none' in color_old):
color_old = "NoHighlightColor"
elif ('<color: none' in color_new):
color_new = "NoHighlightColor"
And so forth. The problem is that each of the arguments can be matched to 1 of 14 different categories ("NoHighlightColor" being one of them). I'm sure there is a better way to do this than repeating the if statement 28 times for each mapping but I'm drawing a blank.
You can at first parse your input arguments, if for example it's something like that:
old_color='<color: none attr:ham>'
you can parse it to get only the value of the relevant attribute you need:
_old_color=old_color.split(':')[1].split()[0]
That way _old_color='none'
Then you can use a dictionary where {'none':'NoHighlightColor'}, lets call it colors_dict
old_color=colors_dict.get(_old_color, old_color)
That way if _old_color exists as a key in the dictionary old_color will get the value of that key, otherwise, old_color will remain unchanged
So your final code should look similar to this:
def color_matching(color_old, color_new):
""" Assuming you've predefined colros_dict """
# Parsing to get both colors
_old_color=old_color.split(':')[1].split()[0]
_new_color=new_color.split(':')[1].split()[0]
# Checking if the first one is a hit
_result_color = colors_dict.get(_old_color, None)
# If it was a hit (not None) then assign it to the first argument
if _result_color:
color_old = _result_color
else:
color_new = colors_dict.get(_color_new, color_new)
You can replace conditionals with a data structure:
def match(color):
matches = {'<color: none': 'NoHighlightColor', ... }
for substring, ret in matches.iteritems():
if substring in color:
return ret
But you seems to have a problem that requires a proper parser for the format you are trying to recognize.
You might build one from simple string operations like "<color:none jaja:a>".split(':')
You could maybe hack one with a massive regex.
Or use a powerful parser generated by a library like this one
I am trying to create a dictionary where the name comes from a variable.
Here is the situation since maybe there is a better way:
Im using an API to get attributes of "objects". (Name, Description, X, Y, Z) etc. I want to store this information in a way that keeps the data by "object".
In order to get this info, the API iterates through all the "objects".
So what my proposal was that if the object name is one of the ones i want to "capture", I want to create a dictionary with that name like so:
ObjectName = {'Description': VarDescrption, 'X': VarX.. etc}
(Where I say "Varetc..." that would be the value of that attribute passed by the API.
Now since I know the list of names ahead of time, I CAN use a really long If tree but am looking for something easier to code to accomplish this. (and extensible without adding too much code)
Here is code I have:
def py_cell_object():
#object counter - unrelated to question
addtototal()
#is this an object I want?
if aw.aw_string (239)[:5] == "TDT3_":
#If yes, make a dictionary with the object description as the name of the dictionary.
vars()[aw.aw_string (239)]={'X': aw.aw_int (232), 'Y': aw.aw_int (233), 'Z': aw.aw_int (234), 'No': aw.aw_int (231)}
#print back result to test
for key in aw.aw_string (239):
print 'key=%s, value=%s' % (key, aw.aw_string (239)[key])
here are the first two lines of code to show what "aw" is
from ctypes import *
aw = CDLL("aw")
to explain what the numbers in the API calls are:
231 AW_OBJECT_NUMBER,
232 AW_OBJECT_X,
233 AW_OBJECT_Y,
234 AW_OBJECT_Z,
239 AW_OBJECT_DESCRIPTION,
231-234 are integers and 239 is a string
I deduce that you are using the Active Worlds SDK. It would save time to mention that in the first place in future questions.
I guess your goal is to create a top-level dictionary, where each key is the object description. Each value is another dictionary, storing many of the attributes of that object.
I took a quick look at the AW SDK documentation on the wiki and I don't see a way to ask the SDK for a list of attribute names, IDs, and types. So you will have to hard-code that information in your program somehow. Unless you need it elsewhere, it's simplest to just hard-code it where you create the dictionary, which is what you are already doing. To print it back out, just print the attribute dictionary's repr. I would probably format your method more like this:
def py_cell_object():
#object counter - unrelated to question
addtototal()
description = aw.aw_string(239)
if description.startswith("TDT3_"):
vars()[description] = {
'DESCRIPTION': description,
'X': aw.aw_int(232),
'Y': aw.aw_int(233),
'Z': aw.aw_int(234),
'NUMBER': aw.aw_int (231),
... etc for remaining attributes
}
print repr(vars()[description])
Some would argue that you should make named constants for the numbers 232, 233, 234, etc., but I see little reason to do that unless you need them in multiple places, or unless it's easy to generate them automatically from the SDK (for example, by parsing a .h file).
If the variables are defined in the local scope, it's as simple as:
obj_names = {}
while True:
varname = read_name()
if not varname: break
obj_names[varname] = locals()[varname]
This is actual code I am using in my production environment
hope it helps.
cveDict = {}
# StrVul is a python list holding list of vulnerabilities belonging to a report
report = Report.objects.get(pk=report_id)
vul = Vulnerability.objects.filter(report_id=report_id)
strVul = map(str, vul)
# fill up the python dict, += 1 if cvetype already exists
for cve in strVul:
i = Cve.objects.get(id=cve)
if i.vul_cvetype in cveDict.keys():
cveDict[i.vul_cvetype] += 1
else:
cveDict[i.vul_cvetype] = 1
This question already has answers here:
Calling a function of a module by using its name (a string)
(18 answers)
Closed 9 years ago.
Some days ago I was searching on the net and I found an interesting article about python dictionaries. It was about using the keys in the dictionary to call a function. In that article the author has defined some functions, and then a dictionary with key exactly same as the function name. Then he could get an input parameter from user and call the same method (something like implementing case break)
After that I realised about the same thing but somehow different. I want to know how I can implement this.
If I have a function:
def fullName( name = "noName", family = "noFamily" ):
return name += family
And now if I have a string like this:
myString = "fullName( name = 'Joe', family = 'Brand' )"
Is there a way to execute this query and get a result: JoeBrand
For example something I remember is that we might give a string to exec() statement and it does it for us. But I’m not sure about this special case, and also I do not know the efficient way in Python. And also I will be so grateful to help me how to handle that functions return value, for example in my case how can I print the full name returned by that function?
This does not exactly answer your question, but maybe it helps nevertheless:
As mentioned, eval should be avoided if possible. A better way imo is to use dictionary unpacking. This is also very dynamic and less error prone.
Example:
def fullName(name = "noName", family = "noFamily"):
return name + family
functionList = {'fullName': fullName}
function = 'fullName'
parameters = {'name': 'Foo', 'family': 'Bar'}
print functionList[function](**parameters)
# prints FooBar
parameters = {'name': 'Foo'}
print functionList[function](**parameters)
# prints FoonoFamily
You could use eval():
myString = "fullName( name = 'Joe', family = 'Brand' )"
result = eval(myString)
Beware though, eval() is considered evil by many people.
I know this question is rather old, but you could do something like this:
argsdict = {'name': 'Joe', 'family': 'Brand'}
globals()['fullName'](**argsdict)
argsdict is a dictionary of argument, globals calls the function using a string, and ** expands the dictionary to a parameter list. Much cleaner than eval. The only trouble lies in splitting up the string. A (very messy) solution:
example = 'fullName(name=\'Joe\',family=\'Brand\')'
# Split at left parenthesis
funcname, argsstr = example.split('(')
# Split the parameters
argsindex = argsstr.split(',')
# Create an empty dictionary
argsdict = dict()
# Remove the closing parenthesis
# Could probably be done better with re...
argsindex[-1] = argsindex[-1].replace(')', '')
for item in argsindex:
# Separate the parameter name and value
argname, argvalue = item.split('=')
# Add it to the dictionary
argsdict.update({argname: argvalue})
# Call our function
globals()[funcname](**argsdict)