We use Sphinx for documentation within our Linux/OSX python environment, but we have someone on Windows who would like to be able to get an environment in which they can edit and build the Sphinx documentation.
Is it possible to set up Sphinx on windows? I'm guessing the hard part is installing a python environment and all the dependencies, but I have 0 experience with python on windows so somebody might be able to point me to a straightforward way to proceed.
For installing python on windows download Python. Run the executable and you are all set.
If you have pip installed then you can open command prompt and just type
pip install -U Sphinx
If you don't have pip installed then you first need to install it by using the following at the command prompt
python -m pip install -U pip
You can use pip-win now to set up sphinx in a virtualenv on windows easily.
First, download and install Python. If you want to use the latexpdf builder you will also need to install either TeX Live or MiKTeX for windows.
Next, run the pip-win.exe. It will automatically pull the required setuptools required and install pip and virtualenv on your system. When loaded it will pull up the Python you just installed, but if you installed it in a location other than default directory you can easily enter the absolute path or browse for it.
Next, in the Command: line you can create a new virtualenv by inputing:
venv -c C:\foo\sphinx-venv
This will open a command prompt with you inside your virtualenv. Following this you can install sphinx with the pip command:
<sphinx-venv> C:\foo\> pip install sphinx
Now sphinx is installed on your windows machine in a virtual enviroment. You can use deactivate to escape your new environment.
When ever you wish to enter your virtualenv again to build more sphinx projects you can either open pip-win and run:
venv C:\foo\sphinx-venv
Or you can create a custom python file to activate your sphinx environment and build your sphinx file such as:
import os
os.system("cmd /c \"CALL C:\\foo\\sphinx-venv\\Scripts\\activate.bat && make html\"")
By far the simplest way to use Python on Windows is WinPython, which is a portable distribution that is as simple to use as any other portable app. It'll give you an icon for a WinPython command prompt from which you can use pip, etc., as if on any other (e.g. linux) system, or you can download packages and install them using WinPython's control panel.
Related
I am doing this project where i need to install a package called Twint.
I want to install this package and use it's commands in my VS Code.
What happends when i for example type this in my Windows CMD?
pip3 install --user --upgrade git+https://github.com/twintproject/twint.git#origin/master#egg=twint
Because i can't type this in my VS code terminal, where i usually install packages with pip.
It will return an error that says ERROR: Cannot find command 'git' - do you have 'git' installed and in your PATH?''
Now if i run this in my Windows Command it seems that i can't directly import the package in VS code?
Can anyone help me out with this confusion, where does the files get stored and how do i create good habbits around installing packages?
Hope someone understands what im struggeling with here.
Best
It is often the case that computers have more than one version of python installed and that editors like VS code use a different version than pip uses on the command line. pip installs packages where the version of python it is linked to expects them to be, but VScode doesn't know to look there.
It sounds like you have git installed where pip installs things, so you can upgrade from the command line without issue, but there's no installation of git where VScode is looking, so there's nothing to upgrade.
You either need to find where pip installs things and add it to the $PATH VScode uses, or try running a variation of python -m pip install --user git (specifying a specific url, or other things, as needed) from within VScode, which will ensure the package gets installed in a place that VScode looks for packages.
Download and Install git in your windows from here:
https://git-scm.com/download/win
Then add its installation bin path to your windows's environment path. Then you will find the git command at the command prompt globally.
This may solve you problem.
I have the following version of python
import sys
print(sys.version)
3.6.5 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Apr 6 2018, 13:44:09)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53)]
I installed a package with the following command
pip install wfdb
It is succesfully installed because when I then write the command:
pip show wfdb
The following information appears
Location:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages
However, when I type the command import wfdb in Python notebook or the version of python in terminal, I get the following message
No module named 'wfdb'
Does it have to do with the path on which python is checking where the packages are? How to check this and how to change it?
You have (at least) 2 Python installations, one managed by Anaconda, the other what appears to be an official Python.org Mac build installed system-wide. The pip command on the command-line is the one tied to the Python.org Mac build.
pip is a script that is tied to a specific Python installation, and there can be multiple versions of the script installed in different locations, and is usually also installed with pipX and pipX.Y to match the X.Y version indicator of the Python version it is tied to. For Python 3.6, that means the same script would also be available as pip3 and pip3.6. (This also means that pip can be connected to Python 2 or Python 3, depending on your exact OS setup. It is not a given that pip, without a version number, installs into Python 2.x as some answers may claim).
Note that when you run a command without a path in your shell, (such as pip as opposed to /usr/bin/pip), you are asking your shell to find the command for you in a number of locations, listed in the PATH environment variable. The first location in the PATH list with that command is then fixed. which -a <command> would tell you all possible PATH-registered locations that the command can be found in. You can always use the full path to a command to bypass the PATH search path.
You can always verify what Python version the pip command is connected to with:
pip -V
which will output the version of pip and the location it is installed with. It'll print something like
pip pipX.pipY path/to/pythonX.Y/site-packages/pip (python X.Y)
where pipX.pipY is the pip version number and path/to/pythonX.Y tells you what Python installation this is for.
You can try to match this with the Python version by running
python -m site
which outputs the Python module search path for that Python version. Python can be run with python, pythonX and pythonX.Y too, and is subject to the same PATH search.
Note the -m switch there, that instructs Python to find a module in it's module search path and execute it as a script. Loads of modules support being run that way, including pip. This is important as that helps avoid having to search for a better pip command if you already can start the right Python version.
You have several good options here:
Since you are using Anaconda, you could look for a conda package for the same project. There is such a package for wfdb. Install it with
conda install wfdb
Anaconda aims to give you a wider software management experience that includes a broader set of software options than just the Python PyPI ecosystem, and conda packages usually manage more things than just the Python package.
Conda packages are usually maintained by a different set of developers from the package itself, so there may be a newer version available on PyPI (requiring pip install) than there is on Conda.
This is not an option for all Python packages, if there is no conda package you have to use pip. See Installing non-conda packages.
you can use the conda command to create a conda environment. Once you have an environment created, you can activate it with
source activate <name_of_cenv>
to alter your PATH settings. With the envirnoment 'active' the first directory listed on your PATH is the one for the conda environment and the pip command will be the one tied to that environment.
Note that a conda environment gives you an isolated environment for a specific project, keeping the library installation separate from the rest of your Python packages in the central site-packages location. If you want to install a package for all of your Anaconda Python projects, don't use a conda environment.
Use the Anaconda Python binary to run pip as a module; when you can run /path/to/python or pythoncommand to open the right Python version, you can use that same path to run /path/to/python -m pip ... instead of pip ... to be absolutely certain you are installing into the correct Python version.
Look for a better pip command, with which -a pip or which -a pip3.6, etc. But if you already know the Python binary, look in the same bin location for pip. If you have anaconda/bin/python, then there probably is a anaconda/bin/pip too.
As you can read here:
pip3 and pip would make a difference only when you are not using any
environment managers like virualenv (or) conda. Now as you are
creating a conda environment which has python==3.x, pip would be
equivalent to pip3.
For this reason it could be you did not activate your Conda environment before installing required packages and running your code.
Activate the new environment:
On Windows:
activate myenv
On macOS (this should be your option) and Linux:
source activate myenv
NOTE: Replace myenv with the name of the environment.
which python
gives the you the PATH to python
and then /path/to/python -m pip install thepackagetobeinstalled
Many thanks #MartijnPieters
You have installed python2.x package and you're using python3.x. Try:
pip3 install wfdb
If you don't have pip3 run:
[apt-get/yum] install python3-pip
You can see what packages you have currently installed by running:
pip freeze
and for python 3.x packages
pip3 freeze
Please remember each time you install a Python package, it will be placed in the directory for one particular Python version. Hence your error.
I have python2.7 and python3.6 installed side by side in my computer. Now when I install a package using "pip install", how can I know in which python's site-packages is my package going to be installed?
Thank you.
When you have both version 2 and 3 installations pip and pip3 differentiate the target installtion.
For installing anything on Python 3(versions 3.5 and above) use pip3
for Python 2.7 use pip
Make sure python path is set in environment variables too.
also you can use where pip or which pip as #mshsayem mentioned.
Additional Reference
if you use virtualenv, the modules are located in:
{path_to_your_virtualenv}/lib/python{your_python_version}/site-packages/
and if you don't use virtualenv, normally are installed in:
/usr/local/lib/python{your_python_version}
You have to use pip3 for install python3 modules.
Check where a specific package is installed by:
pip3 show <package_name>
List all installed packages with install locations by:
pip3 list -v
Check the install location used by default when installed without sudo:
pip3 --version
and the location for packages installed with sudo, meaning system-wide installation:
sudo pip3 --version
You can find the location of pip by which pip. Then you view the pip executable header using head `which pip` or using your preferred editor. You can find the python interpreter location on the first line. You may have a pip2 and a pip3 executable.
By the way, you can run pip as a python module by python -m pip <command>. In this way, you can specify your python interpreter.
The answer to you question is divided to two parts:
1. Which python version the native terminal selects for me?
2. How do I specify which python version to use?
Which python version the native terminal selects for me?
In windows, the default pip that will be used is the one associated with the default python version you use. You can edit it in the PATH environmental variable (Start->find-type "Environmental" and click "Edit system variables"). Look the PATH variable and see which version of python is listed. If both versions are listed, windows will select the first.
See more information on system environmental variables here.
In Ubuntu/Linux, usually pip is associated with the native legacy version (2.7), pip3 is associated with Python3.5.x and pip3.6 is associated with Python3.6.x.
However, if you are using Unix OS (such as Ubuntu) or Mac, it is highly recommended to use virtualenv and activate it. See Official documentation to see how to use it. It's true for both Python2.7 and
Python3.6. In short, you will create a lightweight copy of you python installation without any packages, and, your installed packages will be installed within this virtual environment. Once you activate a virtual environment, the pip is associated with this environment.
How do I specify which python version to use?
You have multiple choices to specify in which environment you want to install the package. It depends if you are on Windows/Linux/MAC.
Shortly, you have the following options:
Use an IDE and let it help you manage your packages (e.g. Pycharm). Using PyCharm, you will find it very easy to use its package manager. You can also open the IDE's terminal and when you use pip, it will use the package manager of the selected interpreter. See official documentation.
Use OS native terminal and specify the version. In windows, the easiest way is to go to a command line or powershell, and type "c:\path\to\python.exe -m pip install ". On Ubuntu, use pip/pip3/pip3.6. Again, on Ubuntu it is highly recommended to use venv (virtual environment) since installing wrong package on the wrong version can interrupt the native python (Ubuntu uses python for multiple reasons such as the GNOME GUI).
Use virtual environments. You can look it up, there are plenty of threads explaining on that, as well as the Official documentation.
At work we have python installed, but no additional modules. I want to import some scipy modules but I have no access to the python directory for installation.
Similar questions have been asked on StackOverflow, but the answers always assumed easy install, pip or virtualenv were installed. At my workplace, none of these packages are installed. It's just the plain python installation and nothing else.
Is there still an option for me for installing modules in my local folder and calling them from python? If so, how do I go about it?
Not exactly installing modules on your local folder, but a solution nonetheless:
I used to work for a company that used windows and didn't have admin access, so I ended up using Portable python.
It seems portable python is no longer mantained, but you can see some other portable python solutions on their site, most of which you can run straight from your usb.
You can download pip from here http://pip.readthedocs.org/en/stable/installing/ and install it without root privileges by typing:
python get-pip.py --user
This will install to directory with prefix $HOME/.local so the pip executable will be in the directory $HOME/.local/bin/pip, for your convenience you can add this directory to $PATH by adding to end of .bashrc file this string
export PATH=$HOME/.local/bin/:$PATH
After this you can install any packages by typing
pip install package --user
Or you can alternatively compile the python distribution from source code and install to your home directory to directory $HOME/.local or $HOME/opt or any subfolder of $HOME you prefer, let's call this path $PREFIX. For doing this you have to download python source code from official site, unpack it and then run
./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-shared
make install
And then add python binary to $PATH, python libraries to $LD_LIBRARY_PATH, by adding to the end of $HOME/.bashrc file whit strings
export PATH=$PREFIX/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib
and when after restarting bash you can also run
python get-pip.py
and pip and will be installed automatically to your $PREFIX directory. And all other packages those you will install with pip will be automatically installed also to $PREFIX directory. This way is more involved, but it allows you to have the last version of python.
The scenario is: I am on Ubuntu 11 which comes with Python 2.7, I want to run Mozilla JetPack which supports Python 2.5/2.6 and Google App Engine which only supports Python 2.5.
Read that its not a good idea to remove Python 2.7 as Ubuntu maybe using it. So the correct way is to use virtualenv. But I am quite lost using it. I installed Python 2.5 in /usr/local/python25 following this guide
I tried
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ ./python --version
Python 2.5.5
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ ./python virtualenv /works/tmp/test
./python: can't open file 'virtualenv': [Errno 2] No such file or directory
then the below works but I will be using Python 2.7
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ virtualenv /works/tmp/test
New python executable in /works/tmp/test/bin/python
Installing distribute.................................................................................................................................................................................done.
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ cd /works/tmp/test/bin
jiewmeng#JM:/works/tmp/test/bin$ ls
activate activate_this.py easy_install easy_install-2.7 pip python
jiewmeng#JM:/works/tmp/test/bin$ ./python --version
Python 2.7.1+
Also, how do I then run Mozilla JetPack or Google App Engine with this version of Python? Sorry I am new to Python (and Linux/Ubuntu)
Outline:
First cd to /usr/local/python25/bin
Download setuptools for Python2.5 (setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg)
Install it (sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg).
Now install pip (easy_install pip).
Install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper using pip (pip install v... etc.).
Configure WORKON_HOME for virtualenv wrapper to work (export WORKON_HOME = $HOME/.virtualenvs). You can use any other directory you want (not just $HOME/.virtualenvs). Just make sure to use the full path.
Now create a virtualenv (mkvirtualenv foobar).
Switch to the new virtualenv (workon foobar).
Now install GAE, JetPack and whatever you want using pip install blah
Why did your install not work?
Looks like you did not install virtualenv for Python2.5. Hence this will not work.
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ ./python virtualenv /works/tmp/test
You can check by running ls command in that directory. I suspect you won't find virtualenv file there.
However this worked for you.
jiewmeng#JM:/usr/local/python25/bin$ virtualenv /works/tmp/test
Because it is using the virtualenv file for system default Python2.7. You can check which virtualenv and opening the virtualenv script. You'll see that the #! will point to system default python.
So you need to install the easy_install and pip for Python 2.5 before you can create virtualenv for Python 2.5. Just follow the steps outlined above.
You don't need to do anything fancy outside the virtualenv wrapper. Just use the --python=python2.5 flag (check out the man page for virtualenv form more). It does not matter what version you install it with, you just have to select the right executable for python in the virtual environment.
e.g. mkvirtualenv --python=python2.5 --distribute python25 if the python flag fails, either add a symlink (ln -s) to python25 in your $PATH or use the full path name on the python flag.
Also, default for multiple python installations is to have, for all 'altinstall' versions, a separate python and easy_install. So, for example: python2.5 ,easy_install-2.5 ,python2.6, easy_install-2.6 etc.