I am trying do string formatting with a unicode variable. For example:
>>> x = u"Some text—with an emdash."
>>> x
u'Some text\u2014with an emdash.'
>>> print(x)
Some text—with an emdash.
>>> s = "{}".format(x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2014' in position 9: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> t = "%s" %x
>>> t
u'Some text\u2014with an emdash.'
>>> print(t)
Some text—with an emdash.
You can see that I have a unicode string and that it prints just fine. The trouble is when I use Python's new (and improved?) format() function. If I use the old style (using %s) everything works out fine, but when I use {} and the format() function, it fails.
Any ideas of why this is happening? I am using Python 2.7.2.
The new format() is not as forgiving when you mix ASCII and unicode strings ... so try this:
s = u"{}".format(x)
The same way.
>>> s = u"{0}".format(x)
>>> s
u'Some text\u2014with an emdash.'
Using the following worked well for me. It is a variant on the other answers.
>>> emDash = u'\u2014'
>>> "a{0}b".format(emDash)
'a—b'
Related
I have this string:
string = '{'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}'
And, simply put, I would like my string to turn into an hex string like this:'7b276964273a276f746865725f617564315f61756432272c276b57273a31357d'
Have been trying binascii.hexlify(string), but it keeps returning:
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
Also it's only to make it work with the following method:bytearray.fromhex(data['string_hex']).decode()
For the entire code here it is:
string_data = "{'id':'"+self.id+"','kW':"+str(value)+"}"
print(string_data)
string_data_hex = hexlify(string_data)
get_json = bytearray.fromhex(data['string_hex']).decode()
Also this is python 3.6
You can encode()the string:
string = "{'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}"
h = hexlify(string.encode())
print(h.decode())
# 7b276964273a276f746865725f617564315f61756432272c276b57273a31357d
s = unhexlify(hex).decode()
print(s)
# {'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}
The tricky bit here is that a Python 3 string is a sequence of Unicode characters, which is not the same as a sequence of ASCII characters.
In Python2, the str type and the bytes type are synonyms, and there is a separate type, unicode, that represents a sequence of Unicode characters. This makes it something of a mystery, if you have a string: is it a sequence of bytes, or is it a sequence of characters in some character-set?
In Python3, str now means unicode and we use bytes for what used to be str. Given a string—a sequence of Unicode characters—we use encode to convert it to some byte-sequence that can represent it, if there is such a sequence:
>>> 'hello'.encode('ascii')
b'hello'
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'
'schön'
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'.encode('utf-8')
b'sch\xc3\xb6n'
but:
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'.encode('ascii')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xf6' in position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
Once you have the bytes object, you already know what to do. In Python2, if you have a str, you have a bytes object; in Python3, use .encode with your chosen encoding.
I have this string:
string = '{'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}'
And, simply put, I would like my string to turn into an hex string like this:'7b276964273a276f746865725f617564315f61756432272c276b57273a31357d'
Have been trying binascii.hexlify(string), but it keeps returning:
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
Also it's only to make it work with the following method:bytearray.fromhex(data['string_hex']).decode()
For the entire code here it is:
string_data = "{'id':'"+self.id+"','kW':"+str(value)+"}"
print(string_data)
string_data_hex = hexlify(string_data)
get_json = bytearray.fromhex(data['string_hex']).decode()
Also this is python 3.6
You can encode()the string:
string = "{'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}"
h = hexlify(string.encode())
print(h.decode())
# 7b276964273a276f746865725f617564315f61756432272c276b57273a31357d
s = unhexlify(hex).decode()
print(s)
# {'id':'other_aud1_aud2','kW':15}
The tricky bit here is that a Python 3 string is a sequence of Unicode characters, which is not the same as a sequence of ASCII characters.
In Python2, the str type and the bytes type are synonyms, and there is a separate type, unicode, that represents a sequence of Unicode characters. This makes it something of a mystery, if you have a string: is it a sequence of bytes, or is it a sequence of characters in some character-set?
In Python3, str now means unicode and we use bytes for what used to be str. Given a string—a sequence of Unicode characters—we use encode to convert it to some byte-sequence that can represent it, if there is such a sequence:
>>> 'hello'.encode('ascii')
b'hello'
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'
'schön'
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'.encode('utf-8')
b'sch\xc3\xb6n'
but:
>>> 'sch\N{latin small letter o with diaeresis}n'.encode('ascii')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xf6' in position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
Once you have the bytes object, you already know what to do. In Python2, if you have a str, you have a bytes object; in Python3, use .encode with your chosen encoding.
I am using scrappy spider and my own item pipeline
value['Title'] = item['Title'][0] if ('Title' in item) else ''
value['Name'] = item['Name'][0] if ('CompanyName' in item) else ''
value['Description'] = item['Description'][0] if ('Description' in item) else ''
When i do this i am getting the value prefixed with u
Example : When i pass the value to o/p and print it
value['Title'] = u'hospital'
What went wrong in my code and why i am getting u and how to remove it
Can anyone help me ?
Thanks,
The u means that the string is represented as unicode. You can remove the u by passing the string to str. str(u'test'). But you can treat is as normal string for most purposes. For example
>>> u'test' == 'test'
True
If you have characters that cannot be represented with plain ascii you should keep the unicode way. If you call str on non ascii characters you will get an exception.
>>> test=u'বাংলা'
>>> test
u'\u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be'
>>> str(test)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-4: ordinal not in range(128)
The u is not part of the string, it is just a way to indicate the type of the string.
>>> type('test')
<type 'str'>
>>> type(u'test')
<type 'unicode'>
Se the following question for more details:
What does the 'u' symbol mean in front of string values?
To remove the u sign you may encode the string as ASCII like this: value['Title'].encode("ascii").
Could not match unicode string in python 2.7.
expected result 749130
>>> print match("\d+", u'\ufeff749130'.encode('utf-8'))
None
>>> print match("\d+", u'\ufeff749130')
None
>>> print match("\d+", u'\ufeff749130'.decode('utf-8'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
....
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\ufeff' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
No need to use str.decode on a unicode string. As stated in the comments, you may want to use search because match only matches from the beginning of the target string.
>>> print search("\d+", u'\ufeff749130').group()
749130
I am having this strange problem below:
>>> a=u'Pal-Andr\xe8'
>>> b='Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
>>> print "%s %s" % (a,b) # boom
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 8: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> print "%s" % a
Pal-Andrè
>>> print "%s" % b
Pal-Andrè
Where I can print a, b separately but not both.
What's the problem? How can I print them both?
The actual problem is
b = 'Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
Now, b has a string literal not a unicode literal. So, when you are printing them as strings separately, a is treated as a Unicode String and b is treated as a normal string.
>>> "%s" % a
u'Pal-Andr\xe8'
>>> "%s" % b
'Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
Note the u at the beginning is missing. You can confirm further
>>> type("%s" % b)
<type 'str'>
>>> type("%s" % a)
<type 'unicode'>
But when you are printing them together, string becomes a unicode string and \xc3 is not a valid ASCII code and that is why the code is failing.
To fix it, you simply have to declare b also as a unicode literal, like this
>>> a=u'Pal-Andr\xe8'
>>> b=u'Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
>>> "%s" % a
u'Pal-Andr\xe8'
>>> "%s" % b
u'Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
>>> "%s %s" % (a, b)
u'Pal-Andr\xe8 Pal-Andr\xc3\xa8'
I am not sure what the real issue here, but one thing for sure a is a unicode string and b is a string.
You will have to encode or decode one of them before print them both.
Here is an example.
>>> b = b.decode('utf-8')
>>> print u"%s %s" % (a,b)
Pal-Andrè Pal-Andrè
Having a mix of Unicode and byte strings makes the combined print try to promote everything to Unicode strings. You've got to decode the byte string with the correct codec, else Python 2 will default to ascii. b is a byte string encoded in UTF-8. The format string is promoted as well, but it happens to work decoded from ASCII. Best to use Unicode everywhere:
>>> print u'%s %s' % (a,b.decode('utf8'))
Pal-Andrè Pal-Andrè