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HOW TO SET WINDOW BACKGROND IN URSINA ENGINE (PYTHON)

I can't set my game's window backgroun image.
This is what I have tried:
mainbg = Sky(texture = 'Assets/ruined_city_main_bg')
But that was incomprehensible and scary.
Also I have tried:
mainbg = Entity(parent = camera.ui, '''All other arguments''', texture = 'Assets/ruined_city_main_bg', position = (0, 0))
The "ENTITY BG" is not showing.

You can't see it because you didn't give it a model. Try adding model='quad'.
mainbg = Entity(parent=camera.ui, model='quad', texture='ruined_city_main_bg')

it looks like you are not setting the file extension.
For example:
ruined_city_main_bg.png
where .png is an image extension.
or try:
skybox_image = load_texture("sky_sunset.jpg")
Sky(texture=skybox_image)
Don't forget the file extension.

why command function of tkinter radiobuttons in a loop only works for the last iteration properly

I hope I can explain the problem properly enough... so basically, I am in the progress of creating a Gui.
In this extracted piece of code I want to iterate over my port_str list and make a frame with the name of each element and some radio buttons in the frame;
and for three of these buttons R1_wire, R2_wire, etc. I call another function sel_wire_1 with 'command' to either make the buttons (e.g.R1_discipline) active or disabled.
The problem is now that if I want to print the value of the selected radio button in one of the first frames it always shows me the name of the last element in the list and the value(either 1 or two) of the last element of the port_str list and this depended on activation in sel_wire__1 also only works for the last frame (the last element of the list port_str). Also this dependend selection of sel_wire_1 does inly work for the last created frame.
So I have several identical frames in front of me with different 'labels'(out of the list) but the command function only works correctly for the last frame(last element).
I tried so many things but I still don't know how to fix that as I'm new to tkinter and not that good with OOP. I did exactly the same thing in functional programming and it worked perfectly. So what is the problem in this oop case then?
Thanks to everyone who can help in advance
class MSM:
def __init__(self,top):
#create main frame, holds everything
self.main_frame= Frame(self.top,width = 50, height = 100, bd = 1)
self.main_frame.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)
#creat a canvas
self.my_canvas = Canvas(self.main_frame)
self.my_canvas.pack_propagate(0)
self.my_canvas.pack(side = LEFT, fill = BOTH, expand = 1)
self.second_frame = Frame(self.my_canvas)
port_str = [port1,port2,port3,port4,port5]
for port in port_str:
self.pins(port) #here i call the pins() function in a for loop to create s frame with some radiobuttons for each element of the port_str list
def pins(self,port):
#here im defining a frame and the label of each frame which are elements of the port_str list
self.frame_portdetails = Frame(self.frame_portdetails_top)
self.frame_portdetails.pack(fill= 'both', expand = 1)
self.var_wiretype = IntVar()
self.R1_wiretype = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text= ("wire",port),variable=self.var_wiretype, value=1,command= self.sel_wiretype_1)
self.R1_wiretype.grid( row=1,column=1,sticky='W')
self.R2_wiretype = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text=("wreal",port),variable=self.var_wiretype, value=2,command=self.sel_wiretype_1)
self.R2_wiretype.grid( row=1,column=2,sticky= 'W' )
#discipline here just more buttons are being defined
self.var_discipline = IntVar()
self.R1_discipline = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text="logic", variable=self.var_discipline, value=1 )
self.R1_discipline.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky='W')
self.R2_discipline = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text="vreal", variable=self.var_discipline, value=2)
self.R2_discipline.grid(row=2,column=2,sticky='W')
self.R3_discipline = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text="ireal", variable=self.var_discipline, value=3)
self.R3_discipline.grid(row=2,column=3,sticky='W')
self.R4_discipline = Radiobutton(self.frame_portdetails, text="other", variable=self.var_discipline, value=4 )
self.entry1 = ttk.Entry (self.frame_portdetails, width = 10 )
self.entry1.grid(row=3,column=2)
self.R4_discipline.grid(row=3,column=1,sticky='W')
def sel_wiretype_1(self): #this should either make a button active or
#disabled but is seems this is only being applied to the last element
#of the list/ the last frame(and the buttons inside) that is being
#created
if(self.var_wiretype.get()==1):
self.R1_discipline['state']='active'
self.R2_discipline['state']='disabled'
self.R3_discipline['state']='disabled'
self.var_discipline.set(1)
else:
self.R1_discipline['state']='disabled'
self.R2_discipline['state']='active'
self.R3_discipline['state']='active'
self.var_discipline.set(2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
app = MSM(root)
root.mainloop(

Opencv GUI python: arrange the created buttons

I use python 3.8 and Opencv in Linux.
I have several buttons that have stacked horizontally. How can I arrange them as I like (e.g., in a grid way?)
Is it possible to show some icons for each of the buttons?
Is it possible to make the fonts of the buttons bar larger?
Part of my script: (any suggestion to make my script better is appreciated)
if __name__== "__main__":
Folder_name = "male"
data_path = "path/to/images"
data_path = os.path.join(data_path, Folder_name)
all_imgs_path = glob.glob("{}/*.jpg".format(data_path))
all_imgs_path = sorted(all_imgs_path)
annot = annotation_tool(nof_imgs=len(all_imgs_path))
for index, im_dir in enumerate(all_imgs_path):
annot[index] = im_dir
item_path = "guid.jpg"
img = cv2.imread(item_path)
img_name = item_path.split("/")[-1]
cv2.imshow("{}".format(img_name), img)
cv2.createButton('Next', annot.Next, ["Next Image"])
cv2.createButton('Back', annot.Back, ["Previous Image"])
cv2.createButton('Submit', annot.Submit, ["Submit"])
# there are many of these buttons
UB_Tshirt = cv2.createButton("UB_Tshirt", annot.checkbox, "UB_Tshirt", 1, 0)
UB_Shirt = cv2.createButton("UB_Shirt", annot.checkbox, "UB_Shirt", 1, 0)
UB_Coat = cv2.createButton("UB_Coat", annot.checkbox, "UB_Coat", 1, 0)
cv2.waitKey(0)
print("end")
Edit:
As you see in the image, the buttons bar is very long and goes out of the screen. I would like to create a button pad that is squared.

This isn't a complete answer, but in regards to button arrangement, you have a little control using 'cv2.QT_NEW_BUTTONBAR'.
There's further detail here: https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/dc/d46/group__highgui__qt.html#gad15c7adb377e778dc907c0e318be193e

Evenly spaced columns using prompt-toolkit full-screen application, regardless of content width

Using prompt_toolkit, I'd like to create an evenly-spaced vertical layout, regardless of width of content in each window (full-screen app). Undesired behavior - when changing content in one [or more] controls, layout is recalculated to accommodate for wider or narrower dynamic content.
Is there a way to make layout static for a given screen size; namely, only render windows on initialization or resize, keeping layout columns evenly spaced?
Example code below (press c to inject random-length content on either columns, layout width changes). Even adding a user message may cause un-even width initialization on a narrow enough terminal..
from random import randint
from prompt_toolkit.application import Application
from prompt_toolkit.key_binding import KeyBindings
from prompt_toolkit.layout.containers import VSplit, Window
from prompt_toolkit.layout.controls import FormattedTextControl
from prompt_toolkit.layout.layout import Layout
user_msg = "press 'c' to change, 'q' to quit"
body = VSplit(
[
Window(FormattedTextControl(text=user_msg)),
Window(width=1, char="|"),
Window(FormattedTextControl()),
]
)
kb = KeyBindings()
#kb.add("c")
def change_content(event):
for w in event.app.layout.find_all_windows():
prev_width = f"prev_width: {w.render_info.window_width}"
rand_str = "*" * randint(1, 50)
w.content.text = "\n".join([prev_width, rand_str])
#kb.add("q")
def quit(event):
event.app.exit()
layout = Layout(body)
app = Application(layout=layout, key_bindings=kb, full_screen=True)
app.run()

Passing the argument ignore_content_width works.
body = VSplit(
[
Window(FormattedTextControl(text=user_msg), ignore_content_width=True),
Window(width=1, char="|"),
Window(FormattedTextControl(), ignore_content_width=True),
]
)

Generating consecutive bitmaps with wxPython trouble

Well, while I don't consider myself an experienced programmer, especially when it comes to multimedia applications, I had to do this image viewer sort of a program that displays images fullscreen, and the images change when the users press <- or -> arrows.
The general idea was to make a listbox where all the images contained in a certain folder (imgs) are shown, and when someone does double click or hits RETURN a new, fullscreen frame is generated containing, at first, the image selected in the listbox but after the user hits the arrows the images change in conecutive order, just like in a regular image viewer.
At the beginning, when the first 15 - 20 images are generated, everything goes well, after that, although the program still works an intermediary, very unpleasant and highly unwanted, effect appears between image generations, where basically some images that got generated previously are displayed quickly on the screen and after this the right, consecutive image appears. On the first apparitions the effect is barelly noticeble, but after a while it takes longer and longer between generations.
Here's the code that runs when someone does double click on a listbox entry:
def lbclick(self, eve):
frm = wx.Frame(None, -1, '')
frm.ShowFullScreen(True)
self.sel = self.lstb.GetSelection() # getting the selection from the listbox
def pressk(eve):
keys = eve.GetKeyCode()
if keys == wx.WXK_LEFT:
self.sel = self.sel - 1
if self.sel < 0:
self.sel = len(self.chk) - 1
imgs() # invocking the function made for displaying fullscreen images when left arrow key is pressed
elif keys == wx.WXK_RIGHT:
self.sel = self.sel + 1
if self.sel > len(self.chk) - 1:
self.sel = 0
imgs() # doing the same for the right arrow
elif keys == wx.WXK_ESCAPE:
frm.Destroy()
eve.Skip()
frm.Bind(wx.EVT_CHAR_HOOK, pressk)
def imgs(): # building the function
imgsl = self.chk[self.sel]
itm = wx.Image(str('imgs/{0}'.format(imgsl)), wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG).ConvertToBitmap() # obtaining the name of the image stored in the list self.chk
mar = itm.Size # Because not all images are landscaped I had to figure a method to rescale them after height dimension, which is common to all images
frsz = frm.GetSize()
marx = float(mar[0])
mary = float(mar[1])
val = frsz[1] / mary
vsize = int(mary * val)
hsize = int(marx * val)
panl = wx.Panel(frm, -1, size = (hsize, vsize), pos = (frsz[0] / 2 - hsize / 2, 0)) # making a panel container
panl.SetBackgroundColour('#000000')
imag = wx.Image(str('imgs/{0}'.format(imgsl)), wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG).Scale(hsize, vsize, quality = wx.IMAGE_QUALITY_NORMAL).ConvertToBitmap()
def destr(eve): # unprofessionaly trying to destroy the panel container when a new image is generated hopeing the unvanted effect, with previous generated images will disappear. But it doesn't.
keycd = eve.GetKeyCode()
if keycd == wx.WXK_LEFT or keycd == wx.WXK_RIGHT:
try:
panl.Destroy()
except:
pass
eve.Skip()
panl.Bind(wx.EVT_CHAR_HOOK, destr) # the end of my futile tries
if vsize > hsize: # if the image is portrait instead of landscaped I have to put a black image as a container, otherwise in the background the previous image will remain, even if I use Refresh() on the container (the black bitmap named fundal)
intermed = wx.Image('./res/null.jpg', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_JPEG).Scale(frsz[0], frsz[1]).ConvertToBitmap()
fundal = wx.StaticBitmap(frm, 101, intermed)
stimag = wx.StaticBitmap(fundal, -1, imag, size = (hsize, vsize), pos = (frsz[0] / 2 - hsize / 2, 0))
fundal.Refresh()
stimag.SetToolTip(wx.ToolTip('Esc = exits fullscreen\n<- -> arrows = quick navigation'))
def destr(eve): # the same lame attempt to destroy the container in the portarit images situation
keycd = eve.GetKeyCode()
if keycd == wx.WXK_LEFT or keycd == wx.WXK_RIGHT:
try:
fundal.Destroy()
except:
pass
eve.Skip()
frm.Bind(wx.EVT_CHAR_HOOK, destr)
else: # the case when the images are landscape
stimag = wx.StaticBitmap(panl, -1, imag)
stimag.Refresh()
stimag.SetToolTip(wx.ToolTip('Esc = exits fullscreen\n<- -> arrows = quick navigation'))
imgs() # invocking the function imgs for the situation when someone does double click
frm.Center()
frm.Show(True)
Thanks for any advice in advance.
Added later:
The catch is I'm trying to do an autorun presentation for a DVD with lots of images on it. Anyway it's not necessarely to make the above piece of code work properly if there are any other options. I've already tried to use windows image viewer, but strangely enough it doesn't recognizes relative paths and when I do this
path = os.getcwd() # getting the path of the current working directory
sel = listbox.GetSelection() # geting the value of the current selection from the list box
imgname = memlist[sel] # retrieving the name of the images stored in a list, using the listbox selection, that uses as choices the same list
os.popen(str('rundll32.exe C:\WINDOWS\System32\shimgvw.dll,ImageView_Fullscreen {0}/imgsdir/{1}'.format(path, imgname))) # oepning the images up with bloody windows image viewer
it opens the images only when my program is on the hard disk, if it's on a CD / image drive it doesn't do anything.

There's an image viewer included with the wxPython demo package. I also wrote a really simple one here. Either one should help you in your journey. I suspect that you're not reusing your panels/frames and instead you're seeing old ones that were never properly destroyed.