Say that I have two figures in matplotlib, with one plot per figure:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
f1 = plt.figure()
plt.plot(range(0,10))
f2 = plt.figure()
plt.plot(range(10,20))
Then I show both in one shot
plt.show()
Is there a way to show them separately, i.e. to show just f1?
Or better: how can I manage the figures separately like in the following 'wishful' code (that doesn't work):
f1 = plt.figure()
f1.plot(range(0,10))
f1.show()
Sure. Add an Axes using add_subplot. (Edited import.) (Edited show.)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
f1 = plt.figure()
f2 = plt.figure()
ax1 = f1.add_subplot(111)
ax1.plot(range(0,10))
ax2 = f2.add_subplot(111)
ax2.plot(range(10,20))
plt.show()
Alternatively, use add_axes.
ax1 = f1.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8])
ax1.plot(range(0,10))
ax2 = f2.add_axes([0.1,0.1,0.8,0.8])
ax2.plot(range(10,20))
With Matplotlib prior to version 1.0.1, show() should only be called once per program, even if it seems to work within certain environments (some backends, on some platforms, etc.).
The relevant drawing function is actually draw():
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(range(10)) # Creates the plot. No need to save the current figure.
plt.draw() # Draws, but does not block
raw_input() # This shows the first figure "separately" (by waiting for "enter").
plt.figure() # New window, if needed. No need to save it, as pyplot uses the concept of current figure
plt.plot(range(10, 20))
plt.draw()
# raw_input() # If you need to wait here too...
# (...)
# Only at the end of your program:
plt.show() # blocks
It is important to recognize that show() is an infinite loop, designed to handle events in the various figures (resize, etc.). Note that in principle, the calls to draw() are optional if you call matplotlib.ion() at the beginning of your script (I have seen this fail on some platforms and backends, though).
I don't think that Matplotlib offers a mechanism for creating a figure and optionally displaying it; this means that all figures created with figure() will be displayed. If you only need to sequentially display separate figures (either in the same window or not), you can do like in the above code.
Now, the above solution might be sufficient in simple cases, and for some Matplotlib backends. Some backends are nice enough to let you interact with the first figure even though you have not called show(). But, as far as I understand, they do not have to be nice. The most robust approach would be to launch each figure drawing in a separate thread, with a final show() in each thread. I believe that this is essentially what IPython does.
The above code should be sufficient most of the time.
PS: now, with Matplotlib version 1.0.1+, show() can be called multiple times (with most backends).
I think I am a bit late to the party but...
In my opinion, what you need is the object oriented API of matplotlib. In matplotlib 1.4.2 and using IPython 2.4.1 with Qt4Agg backend, I can do the following:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1) # Creates figure fig and add an axes, ax.
fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots(1) # Another figure
ax.plot(range(20)) #Add a straight line to the axes of the first figure.
ax2.plot(range(100)) #Add a straight line to the axes of the first figure.
fig.show() #Only shows figure 1 and removes it from the "current" stack.
fig2.show() #Only shows figure 2 and removes it from the "current" stack.
plt.show() #Does not show anything, because there is nothing in the "current" stack.
fig.show() # Shows figure 1 again. You can show it as many times as you want.
In this case plt.show() shows anything in the "current" stack. You can specify figure.show() ONLY if you are using a GUI backend (e.g. Qt4Agg). Otherwise, I think you will need to really dig down into the guts of matplotlib to monkeypatch a solution.
Remember that most (all?) plt.* functions are just shortcuts and aliases for figure and axes methods. They are very useful for sequential programing, but you will find blocking walls very soon if you plan to use them in a more complex way.
Perhaps you need to read about interactive usage of Matplotlib. However, if you are going to build an app, you should be using the API and embedding the figures in the windows of your chosen GUI toolkit (see examples/embedding_in_tk.py, etc).
None of the above solutions seems to work in my case, with matplotlib 3.1.0 and Python 3.7.3. Either both the figures show up on calling show() or none show up in different answers posted above.
Building upon #Ivan's answer, and taking hint from here, the following seemed to work well for me:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1) # Creates figure fig and add an axes, ax.
fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots(1) # Another figure
ax.plot(range(20)) #Add a straight line to the axes of the first figure.
ax2.plot(range(100)) #Add a straight line to the axes of the first figure.
# plt.close(fig) # For not showing fig
plt.close(fig2) # For not showing fig2
plt.show()
As #arpanmangal, the solutions above do not work for me (matplotlib 3.0.3, python 3.5.2).
It seems that using .show() in a figure, e.g., figure.show(), is not recommended, because this method does not manage a GUI event loop and therefore the figure is just shown briefly. (See figure.show() documentation). However, I do not find any another way to show only a figure.
In my solution I get to prevent the figure for instantly closing by using click events. We do not have to close the figure — closing the figure deletes it.
I present two options:
- waitforbuttonpress(timeout=-1) will close the figure window when clicking on the figure, so we cannot use some window functions like zooming.
- ginput(n=-1,show_clicks=False) will wait until we close the window, but it releases an error :-.
Example:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig1, ax1 = plt.subplots(1) # Creates figure fig1 and add an axes, ax1
fig2, ax2 = plt.subplots(1) # Another figure fig2 and add an axes, ax2
ax1.plot(range(20),c='red') #Add a red straight line to the axes of fig1.
ax2.plot(range(100),c='blue') #Add a blue straight line to the axes of fig2.
#Option1: This command will hold the window of fig2 open until you click on the figure
fig2.waitforbuttonpress(timeout=-1) #Alternatively, use fig1
#Option2: This command will hold the window open until you close the window, but
#it releases an error.
#fig2.ginput(n=-1,show_clicks=False) #Alternatively, use fig1
#We show only fig2
fig2.show() #Alternatively, use fig1
As of November 2020, in order to show one figure at a time, the following works:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
f1, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax1.plot(range(0,10))
f1.show()
input("Close the figure and press a key to continue")
f2, ax2 = plt.subplots()
ax2.plot(range(10,20))
f2.show()
input("Close the figure and press a key to continue")
The call to input() prevents the figure from opening and closing immediately.
Related
Matplotlib offers these functions:
cla() # Clear axis
clf() # Clear figure
close() # Close a figure window
When should I use each function and what exactly does it do?
They all do different things, since matplotlib uses a hierarchical order in which a figure window contains a figure which may consist of many axes. Additionally, there are functions from the pyplot interface and there are methods on the Figure class. I will discuss both cases below.
pyplot interface
pyplot is a module that collects a couple of functions that allow matplotlib to be used in a functional manner. I here assume that pyplot has been imported as import matplotlib.pyplot as plt.
In this case, there are three different commands that remove stuff:
See matplotlib.pyplot Functions:
plt.cla() clears an axis, i.e. the currently active axis in the current figure. It leaves the other axes untouched.
plt.clf() clears the entire current figure with all its axes, but leaves the window opened, such that it may be reused for other plots.
plt.close() closes a window, which will be the current window, if not specified otherwise.
Which functions suits you best depends thus on your use-case.
The close() function furthermore allows one to specify which window should be closed. The argument can either be a number or name given to a window when it was created using figure(number_or_name) or it can be a figure instance fig obtained, i.e., usingfig = figure(). If no argument is given to close(), the currently active window will be closed. Furthermore, there is the syntax close('all'), which closes all figures.
methods of the Figure class
Additionally, the Figure class provides methods for clearing figures.
I'll assume in the following that fig is an instance of a Figure:
fig.clf() clears the entire figure. This call is equivalent to plt.clf() only if fig is the current figure.
fig.clear() is a synonym for fig.clf()
Note that even del fig will not close the associated figure window. As far as I know the only way to close a figure window is using plt.close(fig) as described above.
There is just a caveat that I discovered today.
If you have a function that is calling a plot a lot of times you better use plt.close(fig) instead of fig.clf() somehow the first does not accumulate in memory. In short if memory is a concern use plt.close(fig) (Although it seems that there are better ways, go to the end of this comment for relevant links).
So the the following script will produce an empty list:
for i in range(5):
fig = plot_figure()
plt.close(fig)
# This returns a list with all figure numbers available
print(plt.get_fignums())
Whereas this one will produce a list with five figures on it.
for i in range(5):
fig = plot_figure()
fig.clf()
# This returns a list with all figure numbers available
print(plt.get_fignums())
From the documentation above is not clear to me what is the difference between closing a figure and closing a window. Maybe that will clarify.
If you want to try a complete script there you have:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(1000)
y = np.sin(x)
for i in range(5):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.plot(x, y)
plt.close(fig)
print(plt.get_fignums())
for i in range(5):
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.plot(x, y)
fig.clf()
print(plt.get_fignums())
If memory is a concern somebody already posted a work-around in SO see:
Create a figure that is reference counted
plt.cla() means clear current axis
plt.clf() means clear current figure
also, there's plt.gca() (get current axis) and plt.gcf() (get current figure)
Read more here: Matplotlib, Pyplot, Pylab etc: What's the difference between these and when to use each?
When I create a figure in matplot lib and render that figure in PyCharm with matplotlib.pyplot.show(), the figure moves!
This does not occur show()ing outside of PyCharm.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def axes_position_test():
"""Witness change in position after plt.show()."""
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
# original position
print(ax1.get_position())
plt.show()
# position has changed
print(ax1.get_position())
axes_position_test()
# output
# Bbox(x0=0.125, y0=0.10999999999999999, x1=0.9, y1=0.88)
# Bbox(x0=0.07300347222222223, y0=0.08067129629629632, x1=0.959375, y1=0.9572916666666668)
I cannot reproduce the problem - the code results in an error for me running matplotlib 3.0.2. Maybe a different version is in use?
In any case, to generally answer this:
Positions may change over time, especially if the figure is shown inside a GUI which may itself (slightly) change the figure size.
The question is not really clear about the ultimate goal, but as I interprete it, the aim is to have two axes on top of each other. That is easily accomplished via
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111, label="first axes")
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(111, label="second axes")
More sophisticated geometries can be made with gridspec, always using add_subplot to add the subplot.
Edit from OP: As revealed in comments, the PyCharm renderer, interagg, is the problem. Disabling interagg (Settings > Tools > Python Scientific > uncheck "show plots") corrects the problem.
Let's say I have 2 Matplotlib Figures at the same time that are updated in a for loop. One of the Figures (let's say fig0 has images, while fig1 is a line plot). I would like fig0 to have the standard Matplotlib style while in fig1 I would like to set plt.style.use('ggplot') for fig1.
So far I have tried this:
plt.style.use('ggplot')
fig0 = plt.figure(0)
fig1 = plt.figure(1)
for i in range(10):
# print stuff in both figures
But this sets ggplot style in both Figures (as expected). I could not find the way to separately set style in each Figure.
This would solve it, except for the loop.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
with plt.style.context('ggplot'):
plt.figure(0)
plt.plot([3,2,1])
with plt.style.context('default'):
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot([1,2,3])
plt.show()
You'd probably be better off without the loop anyway... as long the loop isn't absolutely necessary for some reason. Just keep whatever you're adding to the plots in the loop in lists and modify the example above.
As a result of a full day of trial and error, I'm posting my findings as a help to anyone else who may come across this problem.
For the last couple days, I've been trying to simulate a real-time plot of some radar data from a netCDF file to work with a GUI I'm building for a school project. The first thing I tried was a simple redrawing of the data using the 'interactive mode' of matplotlib, as follows:
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
fig = plt.figure()
plt.ion() #Interactive mode on
for i in range(2,155): #Set to the number of rows in your quadmesh, start at 2 for overlap
plt.hold(True)
print i
#Please note: To use this example you must compute X, Y, and C previously.
#Here I take a slice of the data I'm plotting - if this were a real-time
#plot, you would insert the new data to be plotted here.
temp = plt.pcolormesh(X[i-2:i], Y[i-2:i], C[i-2:i])
plt.draw()
plt.pause(.001) #You must use plt.pause or the figure will freeze
plt.hold(False)
plt.ioff() #Interactive mode off
While this technically works, it also disables the zoom functions, as well as pan, and well, everything!
For a radar display plot, this was unacceptable. See my solution to this below.
So I started looking into the matplotlib animation API, hoping to find a solution. The animation did turn out to be exactly what I was looking for, although its use with a QuadMesh object in slices was not exactly documented. This is what I eventually came up with:
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from matplotlib import animation
fig = plt.figure()
plt.hold(True)
#We need to prime the pump, so to speak and create a quadmesh for plt to work with
plt.pcolormesh(X[0:1], Y[0:1], C[0:1])
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames = range(2,155), blit = False)
plt.show()
plt.hold(False)
def animate( self, i):
plt.title('Ray: %.2f'%i)
#This is where new data is inserted into the plot.
plt.pcolormesh(X[i-2:i], Y[i-2:i], C[i-2:i])
Note that blit must be False! Otherwise it will yell at you about a QuadMesh object not being 'iterable'.
I don't have access to the radar yet, so I haven't been able to test this against live data streams, but for a static file, it has worked great thus far. While the data is being plotted, I can zoom and pan with the animation.
Good luck with your own animation/plotting ambitions!
I am trying to use the ipython in canopy with matplotlib to prepare graphs (backend set to qt). I wrote the following code line by line int the terminal
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
s = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
after the second line I can see the figure being made. However after the third line I do not see the sub plot being created. However If I print fig, the sub-plot is can be seen both inline and in the figure window created. This sub-plot also magically appears if I try to zoom. Similar thing happens every time i plot something on the figure. The old version is displayed till I either print the figure or if i try to modify the view using the GUI tools. This is really annoying. It would be great if someone could tell me where the problem is.
Edit: Tried using fig.show() which does not work. Also when I use the plt.plot() directly, there seems to be no problem. The problem comes only when i use fig or any of its subplots
type:
fig.show() when you need to update it.
you should try using fig.canvas.draw() instead of using fig.show() when it comes to interactive plots.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
fig.show()
## should show an empty figure ##
s = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
fig.show()
## things stay unchanged ##
fig.canvas.draw()
## things should be OK now ##