I tried to import the python lib called "redfish" but was in vain; I import another lib(os) first and seems ok:
>>> import os
>>> import redfish
$HOME environment variable not set, please check your systemPS
C:\Users\user>
I also checked the environment variable; I use Enthought Canopy as my python IDE:
And python is also added to system variable:
And then I used python console, tried to get HOME, but it shows nothing
I've searched for a while but no related issues when users import python redfish lib, maybe redfish is a new BMC standard so not widely-used currently for pyhton-users. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.
Finally, I found the path of redfish packages :
>>> import sys
>>> print '\n'.join(sys.path)
>>>..................................................
..................................................
C:\users\user\appdata\local\enthought\canopy\user
*C:\users\user\appdata\local\enthought\canopy\user\lib\site-packages*
and then add it to the system variable $HOME, and open python shell again to import the lib and it works.
>>> import os
>>> HOME = os.getenv('HOME')
>>> HOME
'C:/users/user/appdata/local/enthought/canopy/user/lib/site-packages/'
>>> import redfish
>>> redfish.connect
<function connect at 0x0000000003E6B898>
Run the following in the terminal
pip uninstall python-redfish
pip uninstall python
pip install python
I'm getting this error:
ImportError: Could not find the GEOS library (tried ""geos_c"", ""libgeos_c-1"").
Try setting GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings
when I run:
from django.contrib.gis.geos import *
pnt=GEOSGeometry('POINT(23 5)')
print(pnt)
I added GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'C:/Python34/Lib/site-packages/osgeo/geos_c.dll'
in C:\Python34\Lib\site-packages\django\conf\project_template\project_name\settings.py
But still Im getting the same error. How to solve this?
I don't know what is the most correct way to use with Windows, you can try to find solution here, but for ubuntu command:
sudo apt-get install binutils libproj-dev gdal-bin
solved the problem.
P.S. From dock:
The setting must be the full path to the C shared library; in other words you want to use libgeos_c.so, not libgeos.so.
Extension of the library must be *_c.so
Are You sure path is correct? This is My path:
GEOS_LIBRARY_PATH = 'c:\\Program Files\\PostgreSQL\\9.1\\bin\\libgeos_c-1'
You need GEOS from PostgreSQL.
Where can I find my Django admin template files (I am running Django on Debian)?
I tried to look here:
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/
But I can only get as far as /usr/lib. When I try to access python2.6 using cd command, I get message that it is not a directory.
I would appreciate any help :).
Try:
sudo updatedb
locate django/contrib/admin/media/
Go into the terminal and try this command...
python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()"
This should inform you as to your site-packages location.
say if you want to see where a package -- say PIL -- is installed, get to a python shell, type:
>>> import PIL
>>> help(PIL)
The help file looks like:
Help on package PIL:
NAME
PIL
FILE
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL/__init__.py
...
now I know that PIL is in /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL/
alternatively,
>>> print PIL.__file__
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL/__init__.pyc
I'm trying to run a python script using python 2.6.4. The hosting company has 2.4 installed so I compiled my own 2.6.4 on a similar server and then moved the files over into ~/opt/python. that part seems to be working fine.
anyhow, when I run the script below, I am getting ImportError: No module named _sqlite3 and I'm not sure what to do to fix this.
Most online threads mention that sqlite / sqlite3 is included in python 2.6 - so I'm not sure why this isn't working.
-jailshell-3.2$ ./pyDropboxValues.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./pyDropboxValues.py", line 21, in
import sqlite3
File "/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/__init__.py", line 24, in
from dbapi2 import *
File "/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py", line 27, in
from _sqlite3 import *
ImportError: No module named _sqlite3
I think I have everything set up right as far as the directory structure.
-jailshell-3.2$ find `pwd` -type d
/home/myAccount/opt
/home/myAccount/opt/bin
/home/myAccount/opt/include
/home/myAccount/opt/include/python2.6
/home/myAccount/opt/lib
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/distutils
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/distutils/command
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/distutils/tests
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/compiler
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/test
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/test/decimaltestdata
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/config
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/json
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/json/tests
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/email
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/email/test
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/email/test/data
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/email/mime
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib2to3
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib2to3/pgen2
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib2to3/fixes
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib2to3/tests
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/xml
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/xml/parsers
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/xml/sax
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/xml/etree
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/xml/dom
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/site-packages
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/logging
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/test
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/encodings
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/wsgiref
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/multiprocessing
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/multiprocessing/dummy
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/curses
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/bsddb
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/bsddb/test
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/idlelib
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/idlelib/Icons
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/tmp
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib-old
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/lib-tk
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/hotshot
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/ctypes
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/ctypes/test
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/ctypes/macholib
/home/myAccount/opt/share
/home/myAccount/opt/share/man
/home/myAccount/opt/share/man/man1
And finally the contents of the sqlite3 directory:
-jailshell-3.2$ find `pwd`
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/__init__.pyo
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dump.pyc
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/__init__.pyc
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.pyo
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.pyc
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dump.pyo
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/__init__.py
/home/myAccount/opt/lib/python2.6/sqlite3/dump.py
I feel like I need to add something into the sqlite3 directory - maybe sqlite3.so? But I don't know where to get that.
What am I doing wrong here? Please remember that I'm using a shared host so that means installing / compiling on another server and then copying the files over. Thanks! :)
Update
Just wanted to confirm that the answer from #samplebias did work out very well. I needed to have the dev package installed on the machine I was compiling from to get it to add in sqlite3.so and related files. Also found the link in the answer very helpful. Thanks #samplebias !
Python's build system uses a setup.py file to compile all of the native extensions, including sqlite3. It searches common operating system paths for the sqlite3 include and library dirs. If the sqlite3 development package is not installed Python will skip compiling the _sqlite3.so extension, but the pure Python portion of the sqlite3 package will still be installed.
You would need to have the operating system's sqlite3 development package installed when you compile Python and at runtime: sqlite3-devel on Centos, both libsqlite3-0 and libsqlite3-dev on Ubuntu.
Here's an example of the _sqlite3.so extension linkage on my Ubuntu system:
% ldd /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_sqlite3.so | grep sqlite3
libsqlite3.so.0 => /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0 (0x00007f29ef3be000)
% dpkg -S /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
libsqlite3-0: /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0
In general, the first thing to do is to ask your host. I seems a bit odd that SQLite is not installed (or installed properly). So they'll likely fix it quite fast if you ask them.
For python 2.4, you need sqlite and bindings, pysqlite 2 or aspw
None of the files listed in the sqlite folder is the _sqlite3.pyd Python shared library. Are you sure you compiled it when compiling Python? What does the build log say? I think there's a configure flag that needs to be passed.
Alternatively, just install pysqlite
How do I find the location of my site-packages directory?
There are two types of site-packages directories, global and per user.
Global site-packages ("dist-packages") directories are listed in sys.path when you run:
python -m site
For a more concise list run getsitepackages from the site module in Python code:
python -c 'import site; print(site.getsitepackages())'
Caution: In virtual environments getsitepackages is not available with older versions of virtualenv, sys.path from above will list the virtualenv's site-packages directory correctly, though. In Python 3, you may use the sysconfig module instead:
python3 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"])'
The per user site-packages directory (PEP 370) is where Python installs your local packages:
python -m site --user-site
If this points to a non-existing directory check the exit status of Python and see python -m site --help for explanations.
Hint: Running pip list --user or pip freeze --user gives you a list of all installed per user site-packages.
Practical Tips
<package>.__path__ lets you identify the location(s) of a specific package: (details)
$ python -c "import setuptools as _; print(_.__path__)"
['/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools']
<module>.__file__ lets you identify the location of a specific module: (difference)
$ python3 -c "import os as _; print(_.__file__)"
/usr/lib/python3.6/os.py
Run pip show <package> to show Debian-style package information:
$ pip show pytest
Name: pytest
Version: 3.8.2
Summary: pytest: simple powerful testing with Python
Home-page: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
Author: Holger Krekel, Bruno Oliveira, Ronny Pfannschmidt, Floris Bruynooghe, Brianna Laugher, Florian Bruhin and others
Author-email: None
License: MIT license
Location: /home/peter/.local/lib/python3.4/site-packages
Requires: more-itertools, atomicwrites, setuptools, attrs, pathlib2, six, py, pluggy
>>> import site; site.getsitepackages()
['/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages']
(or just first item with site.getsitepackages()[0])
A solution that:
outside of virtualenv - provides the path of global site-packages,
insidue a virtualenv - provides the virtualenv's site-packages
...is this one-liner:
python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())"
Formatted for readability (rather than use as a one-liner), that looks like the following:
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
print(get_python_lib())
Source: an very old version of "How to Install Django" documentation (though this is useful to more than just Django installation)
For Ubuntu,
python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print get_python_lib()"
...is not correct.
It will point you to /usr/lib/pythonX.X/dist-packages
This folder only contains packages your operating system has automatically installed for programs to run.
On ubuntu, the site-packages folder that contains packages installed via setup_tools\easy_install\pip will be in /usr/local/lib/pythonX.X/dist-packages
The second folder is probably the more useful one if the use case is related to installation or reading source code.
If you do not use Ubuntu, you are probably safe copy-pasting the first code box into the terminal.
This is what worked for me:
python -m site --user-site
A modern stdlib way is using sysconfig module, available in version 2.7 and 3.2+. Unlike the current accepted answer, this method still works regardless of whether or not you have a virtual environment active.
Note: sysconfig (source) is not to be confused with the distutils.sysconfig submodule (source) mentioned in several other answers here. The latter is an entirely different module and it's lacking the get_paths function discussed below. Additionally, distutils is deprecated in 3.10 and will be unavailable soon.
Python currently uses eight paths (docs):
stdlib: directory containing the standard Python library files that are not platform-specific.
platstdlib: directory containing the standard Python library files that are platform-specific.
platlib: directory for site-specific, platform-specific files.
purelib: directory for site-specific, non-platform-specific files.
include: directory for non-platform-specific header files.
platinclude: directory for platform-specific header files.
scripts: directory for script files.
data: directory for data files.
In most cases, users finding this question would be interested in the 'purelib' path (in some cases, you might be interested in 'platlib' too). The purelib path is where ordinary Python packages will be installed by tools like pip.
At system level, you'll see something like this:
# Linux
$ python3 -c "import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path('purelib'))"
/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages
# macOS (brew installed python3.8)
$ python3 -c "import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path('purelib'))"
/usr/local/Cellar/python#3.8/3.8.3/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages
# Windows
C:\> py -c "import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path('purelib'))"
C:\Users\wim\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Lib\site-packages
With a venv, you'll get something like this
# Linux
/tmp/.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages
# macOS
/private/tmp/.venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages
# Windows
C:\Users\wim\AppData\Local\Temp\.venv\Lib\site-packages
The function sysconfig.get_paths() returns a dict of all of the relevant installation paths, example on Linux:
>>> import sysconfig
>>> sysconfig.get_paths()
{'stdlib': '/usr/local/lib/python3.8',
'platstdlib': '/usr/local/lib/python3.8',
'purelib': '/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages',
'platlib': '/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages',
'include': '/usr/local/include/python3.8',
'platinclude': '/usr/local/include/python3.8',
'scripts': '/usr/local/bin',
'data': '/usr/local'}
A shell script is also available to display these details, which you can invoke by executing sysconfig as a module:
python -m sysconfig
Addendum: What about Debian / Ubuntu?
As some commenters point out, the sysconfig results for Debian systems (and Ubuntu, as a derivative) are not accurate. When a user pip installs a package it will go into dist-packages not site-packages, as per Debian policies on Python packaging.
The root cause of the discrepancy is because Debian patch the distutils install layout, to correctly reflect their changes to the site, but they fail to patch the sysconfig module.
For example, on Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS (Focal Fossa):
root#cb5e85f17c7f:/# python3 -m sysconfig | grep packages
platlib = "/usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages"
purelib = "/usr/lib/python3.8/site-packages"
root#cb5e85f17c7f:/# python3 -m site | grep packages
'/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages',
'/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages',
USER_SITE: '/root/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages' (doesn't exist)
It looks like the patched Python installation that Debian/Ubuntu are distributing is a bit hacked up, and they will need to figure out a new plan for 3.12+ when distutils is completely unavailable. Probably, they will have to start patching sysconfig as well, since this is what pip will be using for install locations.
Let's say you have installed the package 'django'. import it and type in dir(django). It will show you, all the functions and attributes with that module. Type in the python interpreter -
>>> import django
>>> dir(django)
['VERSION', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', 'get_version']
>>> print django.__path__
['/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django']
You can do the same thing if you have installed mercurial.
This is for Snow Leopard. But I think it should work in general as well.
As others have noted, distutils.sysconfig has the relevant settings:
import distutils.sysconfig
print distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib()
...though the default site.py does something a bit more crude, paraphrased below:
import sys, os
print os.sep.join([sys.prefix, 'lib', 'python' + sys.version[:3], 'site-packages'])
(it also adds ${sys.prefix}/lib/site-python and adds both paths for sys.exec_prefix as well, should that constant be different).
That said, what's the context? You shouldn't be messing with your site-packages directly; setuptools/distutils will work for installation, and your program may be running in a virtualenv where your pythonpath is completely user-local, so it shouldn't assume use of the system site-packages directly either.
The native system packages installed with python installation in Debian based systems can be found at :
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/
In OSX - /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
by using this small code :
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
print get_python_lib()
However, the list of packages installed via pip can be found at :
/usr/local/bin/
Or one can simply write the following command to list all paths where python packages are.
>>> import site; site.getsitepackages()
['/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages']
Note: the location might vary based on your OS, like in OSX
>>> import site; site.getsitepackages()
['/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/site-python', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages']
pip show will give all the details about a package:
https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_show/ [pip show][1]
To get the location:
pip show <package_name>| grep Location
In Linux, you can go to site-packages folder by:
cd $(python -c "import site; print(site.getsitepackages()[0])")
All the answers (or: the same answer repeated over and over) are inadequate. What you want to do is this:
from setuptools.command.easy_install import easy_install
class easy_install_default(easy_install):
""" class easy_install had problems with the fist parameter not being
an instance of Distribution, even though it was. This is due to
some import-related mess.
"""
def __init__(self):
from distutils.dist import Distribution
dist = Distribution()
self.distribution = dist
self.initialize_options()
self._dry_run = None
self.verbose = dist.verbose
self.force = None
self.help = 0
self.finalized = 0
e = easy_install_default()
import distutils.errors
try:
e.finalize_options()
except distutils.errors.DistutilsError:
pass
print e.install_dir
The final line shows you the installation dir. Works on Ubuntu, whereas the above ones don't. Don't ask me about windows or other dists, but since it's the exact same dir that easy_install uses by default, it's probably correct everywhere where easy_install works (so, everywhere, even macs). Have fun. Note: original code has many swearwords in it.
An additional note to the get_python_lib function mentioned already: on some platforms different directories are used for platform specific modules (eg: modules that require compilation). If you pass plat_specific=True to the function you get the site packages for platform specific packages.
This works for me.
It will get you both dist-packages and site-packages folders.
If the folder is not on Python's path, it won't be
doing you much good anyway.
import sys;
print [f for f in sys.path if f.endswith('packages')]
Output (Ubuntu installation):
['/home/username/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages',
'/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages']
This should work on all distributions in and out of virtual environment due to it's "low-tech" nature. The os module always resides in the parent directory of 'site-packages'
import os; print(os.path.dirname(os.__file__) + '/site-packages')
To change dir to the site-packages dir I use the following alias (on *nix systems):
alias cdsp='cd $(python -c "import os; print(os.path.dirname(os.__file__))"); cd site-packages'
A side-note: The proposed solution (distutils.sysconfig.get_python_lib()) does not work when there is more than one site-packages directory (as recommended by this article). It will only return the main site-packages directory.
Alas, I have no better solution either. Python doesn't seem to keep track of site-packages directories, just the packages within them.
from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib
print get_python_lib()
You should try this command to determine pip's install location
Python 2
pip show six | grep "Location:" | cut -d " " -f2
Python 3
pip3 show six | grep "Location:" | cut -d " " -f2
Answer to old question. But use ipython for this.
pip install ipython
ipython
import imaplib
imaplib?
This will give the following output about imaplib package -
Type: module
String form: <module 'imaplib' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/imaplib.py'>
File: /usr/lib/python2.7/imaplib.py
Docstring:
IMAP4 client.
Based on RFC 2060.
Public class: IMAP4
Public variable: Debug
Public functions: Internaldate2tuple
Int2AP
ParseFlags
Time2Internaldate
For those who are using poetry, you can find your virtual environment path with poetry debug:
$ poetry debug
Poetry
Version: 1.1.4
Python: 3.8.2
Virtualenv
Python: 3.8.2
Implementation: CPython
Path: /Users/cglacet/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/envs/my-virtualenv
Valid: True
System
Platform: darwin
OS: posix
Python: /Users/cglacet/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2
Using this information you can list site packages:
ls /Users/cglacet/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/envs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/
I made a really simple function that gets the job done
import site
def get_site_packages_dir():
return [p for p in site.getsitepackages()
if p.endswith(("site-packages", "dist-packages"))][0]
get_site_packages_dir()
# '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages'
If you want to retrieve the results using the terminal:
python3 -c "import site;print([p for p in site.getsitepackages() if p.endswith(('site-packages', 'dist-packages')) ][0])"
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages
I had to do something slightly different for a project I was working on: find the relative site-packages directory relative to the base install prefix. If the site-packages folder was in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages, I wanted the /lib/python2.7/site-packages part. I have, in fact, encountered systems where site-packages was in /usr/lib64, and the accepted answer did NOT work on those systems.
Similar to cheater's answer, my solution peeks deep into the guts of Distutils, to find the path that actually gets passed around inside setup.py. It was such a pain to figure out that I don't want anyone to ever have to figure this out again.
import sys
import os
from distutils.command.install import INSTALL_SCHEMES
if os.name == 'nt':
scheme_key = 'nt'
else:
scheme_key = 'unix_prefix'
print(INSTALL_SCHEMES[scheme_key]['purelib'].replace('$py_version_short', (str.split(sys.version))[0][0:3]).replace('$base', ''))
That should print something like /Lib/site-packages or /lib/python3.6/site-packages.
Something that has not been mentioned which I believe is useful, if you have two versions of Python installed e.g. both 3.8 and 3.5 there might be two folders called site-packages on your machine. In that case you can specify the python version by using the following:
py -3.5 -c "import site; print(site.getsitepackages()[1])