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How to update Python Standard Library packages with pip?

I am creating a requirements.txt file for my Python project. When someone installs my project via pip; I want pip to also download the Tkinter and time Python modules, both of which are modules in the Python Standard Library.
I used the command pip freeze to list all of the currently installed Python packages, but when I scrolled down to the T section, I could not find Tkinter or time in the list. I then tried to install Tkinter via pip using the command pip install Tkinter but got the following error:
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Tkinter (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for Tkinter
I also did the same with time and got the same error. (I am running Python 3.6 and Windows 10.)
Is it possible to get pip to install those modules while pip is installing my package, or do I just have to trust that because the user has Python installed they will also have Tkinter and time installed?
All help is welcome and appreciated!

Python's Standard Library is called the Standard Library because it is a standard of Python. In other words, if there is no Standard Library installed, the python environment is not python at all.
The Standard Library is tested and released together with each Python release as part of this release (not as an addition or extension).
So, YES, you can expect these libraries to exist if the user has Python installed. Just by definition.
Regarding the upgrades of the built-in libraries: NO, you cannot do this. Because they are part of the python setup, not of the application environment. Python is very tightly bound to the specific code in those libraries. All python apps & libs expect the same behavior of those libraries, even if they are buggy.
In addition to that, you cannot install a module/package with the same name as one of the python's builtins, because it will create the ambiguity on import, and can confuse/break all other libraries which depend on it (or worse, the system applications if you install it into the system python).
However, in some cases you can find the backports of some of the libraries. Usually, they are backported from py3 to py2. Of course, their name is changed.
As an example, you can look into concurrent.features library, which is a handy builtin in py3.2+, but was absent in py2.7.
UPD: Though, as #JulienPalard hints in the comments, some OS distributions can split this standard library to simplify the binary dependencies: e.g., on Debian, Tkinter will be installable separately as python3-tk.
This makes sense, indeed, from the point of view of the binary OS packaging: it is not worth installing the UI parts of the python library if you have no UI at all and want to save the disk space.
However, you are still unable to install it via pip. Because this package is not packaged and available separately on PyPI. This standard library separation is made by the selected OS distributions and is resolved with the means of that OS distribution only.

pip installs packages from pypi, which does not expose the standard library, which is bundled into Python.
So in theory you should trust your users environment, if they have Python, they should have the whole stadard library.
But some distributions are splitting Python in a few packages for reasons (A minimal Debian already depends on Python, but they don't want Python to pull tk to pull libx11 to pull the life, the universe, and everything).
So in practice some package will be there, and you can trust the distribs for this, like time will always be here. And some package may not be here, like tkinter, in which case you may want to surround the import tkinter by a try to error a nice "Looks like your distribution does not provide tk by default, please install it.".
Be reassured, you won't have to surround every imports by try statements just in case some distribution splitted the stdlib, just tkinter.

How can I install a Third-Party Package in Python Canopy?

I am currently attempting to install a third-party package (gnuradio, to be specific) into the Canopy version of Python on an Ubuntu computer. I currently have the entire package stored in my filesystem as a folder with subfolders and python files; however, I have been able to find no information as to how to make the transition into a functionally installed and recognized package. How can I do so?

You shouldn't use third party pythons on Ubuntu, unless you very exactly know what you're doing (you don't). Ubuntu keeps your python up-to-date and uses the package manager to install pack
So, setting up a recent version of python is just
sudo apt-get install python
So if you still want to integrate GNU Radio into your canopy installation, you will need to get the development headers of exactly their version of python, and specify that you want to only use them etc, and build GNU Radio from source. I do not recommend doing that.
In my opinion, you should probably rather install GNU Radio either from source against the python and libraries on your main OS rather than canopy's happy little installation folder, or use the gnuradio package that Ubuntu has.
I recommend using pybombs to install GNU Radio from source. You'll get the latest and greatest, in a safe install prefix, and easy access to bleeding edge SDR device drivers.

(1) Python packaging is inconsistent, but in general, it suffices to type python setup.py install from the package's top directory (see https://docs.python.org/2/install/#the-new-standard-distutils)
(2) How to be sure that you are installing into Canopy Python rather than your system Python? See https://support.enthought.com/entries/23389761-Installing-packages-into-Canopy-Python-from-the-command-line (tl;dr open a Canopy Terminal window from the Canopy Tools menu.)
EDIT: Marcus Müller has clarified below that gnuradio is not a python package, so this general advice is true but irrelevant. See his answer below.

How do I change the kernel/python version for iPython?

I have installed iPython using pip in OS X 10.10, and it gave me the "ipython" and "ipython2" commands, which run great, but which use OS X's default python version 2.7.9. I downloaded and installed the latest release of Python3.4 and can load it with the command "python3," but cannot find a way to get iPython to use this version of python. The iPython Web site states the package can be used with python versions 3.3 and above, but I cannot find any instruction on how to change the default python version used.
So far I have found that the jupyter package for iPython has a kernel specification in /usr/local/share/jupyter/kernels/, which is just a folder called "python2" containing a json file that points to the system's python 2.7.6, but altering this to point to the new python3.4 installation does not work. My guess is this configuration is for the ipython notebook.
I've also tried the approach here: ipython reads wrong python version
In doing so I've duplicated the ipython2 command in /user/local/bin/ and edited it to use the python3 interpreter located at /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/python3, however, this gives me an error "ImportError: No module named 'IPython'," which suggests the python3 installation does not have ipython installed.
To tackle this, I've tried uninstalling ipython and reinstalling it using pip, but it just targets the system's Python 2.7 installation and does nothing for python3.
Does anyone know how to configure iPython to use a different python version, or even install a separate ipython installation for python3? Ultimately it would be nice to quickly switch back and forth depending on my needs.

I just found the answer. In essence, this stems from not understanding the python installation layout and how resources are separated between installed interpreters. It appears each python version will have its own repository of tools, and the current "pip" command I had installed on the system was mapped for use with python 2.7, so all libraries, tools, and other details it managed where available only to python 2.7. This included iPython.
I thought that installing python3 would make all these libraries available to the new interpreter by default, but it appears the system keeps them all separate (which makes sense). The main issue here was continuing to use "pip" which targeted the old installation, instead of the new "pip3" command included with python3. By using pip3 to reinstall iPython, I was able to get iPython3 installed properly.
Unfortunately this setup means needing to re-download other libraries, but that's not too difficult.
It might seem like a trivial issue in hindsight, but this had me completely stuck. I hope this helps someone else in this situation.

How to pip or easy_install tkinter on Windows

My Idle is throwing errors that and says tkinter can't be imported.
Is there a simple way to install tkinter via pip or easy_install?
There seem to be a lot of package names flying around for this...
This and other assorted variations with tkinter-pypy aren't working.
pip install python-tk
I'm on Windows with Python 2.7 and I don't have apt-get or other system package managers.

The Tkinter library is built-in with every Python installation. And since you are on Windows, I believe you installed Python through the binaries on their website?
If so, Then most probably you are typing the command wrong. It should be:
import Tkinter as tk
Note the capital T at the beginning of Tkinter.
For Python 3,
import tkinter as tk

If you are using virtualenv, it is fine to install tkinter using sudo apt-get install python-tk(python2), sudo apt-get install python3-tk(python3), and and it will work fine in the virtual environment

Well I can see two solutions here:
1) Follow the Docs-Tkinter install for Python (for Windows):
Tkinter (and, since Python 3.1, ttk) are included with all standard Python distributions. It is important that you use a version of Python supporting Tk 8.5 or greater, and ttk. We recommend installing the "ActivePython" distribution from ActiveState, which includes everything you'll need.
In your web browser, go to Activestate.com, and follow along the links to download the Community Edition of ActivePython for Windows. Make sure you're downloading a 3.1 or newer version, not a 2.x version.
Run the installer, and follow along. You'll end up with a fresh install of ActivePython, located in, e.g. C:\python32. From a Windows command prompt, or the Start Menu's "Run..." command, you should then be able to run a Python shell via:
% C:\python32\python
This should give you the Python command prompt. From the prompt, enter these two commands:
>>> import tkinter
>>> tkinter._test()
This should pop up a small window; the first line at the top of the window should say "This is Tcl/Tk version 8.5"; make sure it is not 8.4!
2) Uninstall 64-bit Python and install 32 bit Python.

When installing make sure that under Tcl/Tk you select Will be installed on hard drive. If it is installing with a cross at the left then Tkinter will not be installed.
The same goes for Python 3:

When you install python for Windows, use the standard option or install everything it asks. I got the error because I deselected tcl.

I came here looking for an answer to this same question and none of the answers above actually answer the question at all!
So after some investigation I found out:
there is a package (for python 3.x at least):
pip3 install pytk
The problem is, it is only the python part of the equation and doesn't install the tkinter libraries in your OS, so the answer is that you can't install it completely via pip
https://tkdocs.com/tutorial/install.html
Personally I find this very annoying as i'm packaging a python application to be installed via pip that uses tkinter and I was looking for a way to have pip ensure that tkinter is installed and the answer is I can't I have to instruct users to install it if it's not installed already, a very poor experience for end users who should not need to know or care what tkinter is to use my application.

Had the same problem in Linux. This solved it. (I'm on Debian 9 derived Bunsen Helium)
$ sudo apt-get install python3-tk

In python, Tkinter was a default package, you can repair the installation and select Tcl/Tk. When you run this, DDL should be installed like so:

I'm posting as the top answer requotes the documentation which I didn't find useful.
tkinter comes packaged with python install on windows IFF you select it during the install window.
The solution is to repair the installation (via uninstall GUI is fine), and select to install tk this time. You may need to point at or redownload the binary in this process. Downloading directly from activestate did not work for me.
This is a common problem people have on windows as it's easy to not want to install TCL/TK if you don't know what it is, but Matplotlib etc require it.

I was trying to upgrade my tkinter from the python built-in and found this method useful:
conda install -c anaconda tk

I had the similar problem with Win-8 and python-3.4 32 bit , I got it resolved by downloading same version from python.org .
Next step will be to hit the repair button and Install the Tk/tkinter Package or Just hit the repair.
Now should get Python34/Lib/tkinter Module present.
The import tkinter should work ..

Easiest way to do this:
cd C:\Users\%User%\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\Scripts>
pip install pythonds

Inside cmd, run command pip install tk and Tkinter should install.

if your using python 3.4.1 just write this line from tkinter import * this will put everything in the module into the default namespace of your program. in fact instead of referring to say a button like tkinter.Button you just type Button

Installing rpm module for (non-system) Python

I need to support some software that is using an old Python version (2.4). So I have downloaded and compiled Python 2.4 and installed it in a virtualenv. So far, all OK and normal procedure.
But the software is trying to import an rpm module. And I cannot find a source for that module (it is not part of the standard Python library, afaict).
Typically, once the virtualenv is enabled (source env/bin/activate) I can install required software using easy_install. But easy_install rpm is failing to find anything. There is a pyrpm module, but it is not the same thing (it installs a module called "pyrpm"). And google searches are useless, as they all link to articles on how to build rpms...
If I were using the system python (on Ubuntu) I could install the python-rpm package. But that is for Python 2.7. How do I install the equivalent for Python 2.4?
[My impression is that the rpm libraries, used by many Linux systems, include a Python library, which is packaged as python-dev by the distro. But I can't see how to access that for an arbitrary python version.]
I AM NOT LOOKING FOR AN RPM THAT CONTAINS PYTHON 2.4. I AM LOOKING FOR A MODULE NAMED rpm THAT IS USED BY SOFTWARE WRITTEN FOR PYTHON 2.4.

It's right there, in the python-rpm RPM package:
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=python-rpm
You will probably want to download the package contents, extract them, and then use
python setup.py install
From your active environment.
Of course, as it's pre compiled, you might have trouble getting the C extension to run.
I'm not familiar enough with RPM's to know whether you can get the source from there.
No guarantees the package will work with your python version though.

there's no simple way to do this; the python library is part of the system rpm package and interfaces to C code, so is closely tied to the rpm package installed on your machine.
instead, it's much simpler to install an old OS in a VM (eg CentOS 5) that uses Python 2.4. then everything is consistent and works.

the sources for the rpm module can be found here: http://www.rpm.org/wiki/Download
After you download the wanted version read and follow the INSTALL instructions in order to compile it on your target OS. Afterwards make sure you add the correct path to the 'site-packages' folder the installation chose into your PYTHONPATH environment variable.
To test start your python interpreter and run 'import rpm'
HTH,
Ran