I've tried with no conclusions to resend emails with Python.
Once I've logged in SMTP and IMAP with TLS, this is what I have written:
status, data = self._imapserver.fetch(id, "(RFC822)")
email_data = data[0][1]
# create a Message instance from the email data
message = email.message_from_string(email_data)
# replace headers (could do other processing here)
message.replace_header("From", 'blablabla#bliblibli.com')
message.replace_header("To", 'blobloblo#blublublu.com')
self._smtpserver.sendmail('blablabla#bliblibli.com', 'blobloblo#blublublu.com', message.as_string())
But the problem is that the variable data doesn't catch the information from the email, even if the ID is the one I need.
It tells me:
b'The specified message set is invalid.'
How can I transfer an email with Python?
Like the error message says, whatever you have in id is invalid. We don't know what you put there, so all we can tell you is what's already in the error message.
(Also, probably don't use id as a variable name, as you will shadow the built-in function with the same name.)
There are additional bugs further on in your code; you need to use message_from_bytes if you want to parse it, though there is really no need to replace the headers just to resend it.
status, data = self._imapserver.fetch(correct_id, "(RFC822)")
self._smtpserver.sendmail('blablabla#bliblibli.com', 'blobloblo#blublublu.com', data[0][1])
If you want to parse the message, you should perhaps add a policy argument; this selects the modern EmailMessage API which was introduced in Python 3.6.
from email.policy import default
...
message = email.message_from_bytes(data[0][1], policy=default)
message["From"] = "blablabla#bliblibli.com"
message["To"] = "blobloblo#blublublu.com"
self._smtpserver.send_message(message)
The send_message method is an addition to the new API. If the message could contain other recipient headers like Cc:, Bcc: etc, perhaps using the good old sendmail method would be better, as it ignores the message's headers entirely.
Related
In Django EmailMultiAlternatives documentation there is nothing about how to add headers like "format" or "Reply-To" in EmailMultiAlternatives. It took a while for me to figure it out and I am sending this post to help others with saving their time.
As you can see in django's source code, EmailMultiAlternatives inherits from EmailMessage, so they take the same parameters in the init constructor. This way, we can add headers like:
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(
subject, message, from_email, to_list,
headers={'Reply-To': "email#example.com", 'format': 'flowed'}
)
Back in 2015 OP complained, that there were no instructions in documentation, how to add headers such as "Format" and "Reply-To" in Django mail (django.core.mail) module. However today, while using same documentation link. We can find description and examples in 2018 easily:
class EmailMessage[source]
The EmailMessage class is initialized with the following parameters
(in the given order, if positional arguments are used). All parameters
are optional and can be set at any time prior to calling the send()
method.
subject: The subject line of the email.
body: The body text. This should be a plain text message.
from_email: The sender’s address. Both fred#example.com and Fred <fred#example.com> forms are legal. If omitted, the DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
setting is used.
to: A list or tuple of recipient addresses.
bcc: A list or tuple of addresses used in the “Bcc” header when sending the email.
connection: An email backend instance. Use this parameter if you want to use the same connection for multiple messages. If omitted, a
new connection is created when send() is called.
attachments: A list of attachments to put on the message. These can be either email.MIMEBase.MIMEBase instances, or (filename, content, mimetype) triples.
headers: A dictionary of extra headers to put on the message. The keys are the header name, values are the header values. It’s up to the
caller to ensure header names and values are in the correct format for
an email message. The corresponding attribute is extra_headers.
cc: A list or tuple of recipient addresses used in the “Cc” header when sending the email.
For example:
email = EmailMessage('Hello', 'Body goes here', 'from#example.com',
['to1#example.com', 'to2#example.com'], ['bcc#example.com'],
headers = {'Reply-To': 'another#example.com', 'format': 'flowed'})
As we see from examples, EmailMessage has headers argument (dictionary) too, EmailMultiAlternatives according to docstring in source code is:
A version of EmailMessage that makes it easy to send multipart/alternative
messages. For example, including text and HTML versions of the text is
made easier.
So if you don't need something specific, EmailMessage is fine, because currently EmailMultiAlternatives is for easy inclusion of text and HTML versions of text.
I am currently trying to write a script to send off a request token, I have the header, and the claimset, but I don't understand the signature! OAuth requires my private key to be encrypted with SHA256withRSA (also known as RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5-SIGN with the SHA-256 hash function), but the closest I could find was RSAES-PKCS1-v1_5 (has RSA, and the SHA-256 hash). I followed the example, and tweaked it, so I could get it set, but heres my dillema:
signature = ""
h = SHA.new (signature)
key = RSA.importKey(open('C:\Users\Documents\Library\KEY\My Project 905320c6324f.json').read())
cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(message+h.digest())
print(ciphertext)
I'm a bit lost, the JSON file I was given has both public key, and private, do I copy and paste the private key into the signature variable (it gave me a invalid syntax)? Or do I past the directory again? I am so lost, and way over my head haha. I am currently running Python 3.4, with pyCrypto for the signature.
Based on what you've said below about wanting to write a command system using gmail, I wrote a simple script to do this using IMAP. I think this is probably simpler than trying to use Google APIs for a single user, unless you were wanting to do that simply for the exercise.
import imaplib, logging
from time import sleep
USERNAME = 'YOUR_USERNAME_HERE' # For gmail, this is your full email address.
PASSWORD = 'YOUR_PASSWORD_HERE'
CHECK_DELAY = 60 # In seconds
LOGGING_FORMAT = '%(asctime)s %(message)s'
logging.basicConfig(filename='imapTest.log', format=LOGGING_FORMAT, level=logging.INFO)
logging.info("Connecting to IMAP server...")
imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
imap.login(USERNAME, PASSWORD)
logging.info("Connected to IMAP server.")
def get_command_messages():
logging.info("Checking for new commands.")
imap.check()
# Search the inbox (server-side) for messages containing the subject 'COMMAND' and which are from you.
# Substitute USERNAME below for the sending email address if it differs.
typ, data = imap.search(None, '(FROM "%s" SUBJECT "COMMAND")' %(USERNAME))
return data[0]
def delete_messages(message_nums):
logging.info("Deleting old commands.")
for message in message_nums.split():
imap.store(message, '+FLAGS', '\\DELETED')
imap.expunge()
# Select the inbox
imap.select()
# Delete any messages left over that match commands, so we are starting 'clean'.
# This probably isn't the nicest way to do this, but saves checking the DATE header.
message_nums = get_command_messages()
delete_messages(message_nums)
try:
while True:
sleep(CHECK_DELAY)
# Get the message body and sent time. Use BODY.PEEK instead of BODY if you don't want to mark the message as read, but we're deleting it anyway below.
message_nums = get_command_messages()
if message_nums:
# search returns space-separated message IDs, but we need them comma-separated for fetch.
typ, messages = imap.fetch(message_nums.replace(' ', ','), '(BODY[TEXT])')
logging.info("Found %d commands" %(len(messages[0])))
for message in messages[0]:
# You now have the message body in the message variable.
# From here, you can check against it to perform commands, e.g:
if 'shutdown' in message:
print("I got a shutdown command!")
# Do stuff
delete_messages(message_nums)
finally:
try:
imap.close()
except:
pass
imap.logout()
If you're set on using the Gmail API, though, Google strongly encourage you to use their existing Python library rather than attempt to do full authentication etc. yourself as you appear to be. With that, it should - more or less - be a case of replacing the imap calls above with the relevant Gmail API ones.
I would like to receive email using python. So far I have been able to get the subject but not the body. Here is the code I have been using:
import poplib
from email import parser
pop_conn = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com')
pop_conn.user('myusername')
pop_conn.pass_('mypassword')
#Get messages from server:
messages = [pop_conn.retr(i) for i in range(1, len(pop_conn.list()[1]) + 1)]
# Concat message pieces:
messages = ["\n".join(mssg[1]) for mssg in messages]
#Parse message intom an email object:
messages = [parser.Parser().parsestr(mssg) for mssg in messages]
for message in messages:
print message['subject']
print message['body']
pop_conn.quit()
My issue is that when I run this code it properly returns the Subject but not the body. So if I send an email with the subject "Tester" and the body "This is a test message" it looks like this in IDLE.
>>>>Tester >>>>None
So it appears to be accurately assessing the subject but not the body, I think it is in the parsing method right? The issue is that I don't know enough about these libraries to figure out how to change it so that it returns both a subject and a body.
The object message does not have a body, you will need to parse the multiple parts, like this:
for part in message.walk():
if part.get_content_type():
body = part.get_payload(decode=True)
The walk() function iterates depth-first through the parts of the email, and you are looking for the parts that have a content-type. The content types can be either text/plain or text/html, and sometimes one e-mail can contain both (if the message content_type is set to multipart/alternative).
The email parser returns an email.message.Message object, which does not contain a body key, as you'll see if you run
print message.keys()
What you want is the get_payload() method:
for message in messages:
print message['subject']
print message.get_payload()
pop_conn.quit()
But this gets complicated when it comes to multi-part messages; get_payload() returns a list of parts, each of which is a Message object. You can get a particular part of the multipart message by using get_payload(i), which returns the ith part, raises an IndexError if i is out of range, or raises a TypeError if the message is not multipart.
As Gustavo Costa De Oliveir points out, you can use the walk() method to get the parts in order -- it does a depth-first traversal of the parts and subparts of the message.
There's more about the email.parser module at http://docs.python.org/library/email.message.html#email.message.Message.
it also good return data in correct encoding in message contains some multilingual content
charset = part.get_content_charset()
content = part.get_payload(decode=True)
content = content.decode(charset).encode('utf-8')
Here is how I solved the problem using python 3 new capabilities:
import imaplib
import email
mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
mail.login(username, password)
mail.select(readonly=True) # refresh inbox
status, message_ids = mail.search(None, 'ALL') # get all emails
for message_id in message_ids[0].split(): # returns all message ids
# for every id get the actual email
status, message_data = mail.fetch(message_id, '(RFC822)')
actual_message = email.message_from_bytes(message_data[0][1])
# extract the needed fields
email_date = actual_message["Date"]
subject = actual_message["Subject"]
message_body = get_message_body(actual_message)
Now get_message_body is actually pretty tricky due to MIME format. I used the function suggested in this answer.
This particular example works with Gmail, but IMAP is a standard protocol, so it should work for other email providers as well, possibly with minor changes.
if u want to use IMAP4. Use outlook python library, download here : https://github.com/awangga/outlook
to retrieve unread email from your inbox :
import outlook
mail = outlook.Outlook()
mail.login('emailaccount#live.com','yourpassword')
mail.inbox()
print mail.unread()
to retrive email element :
print mail.mailbody()
print mail.mailsubject()
print mail.mailfrom()
print mail.mailto()
I am relatively new to programming and to python, but I think I have done ok so far. This is the code I have, and it works fine, except it gets the entire message in MIME format. I only want the text body of unread emails, but I can't quite figure it out how to strip out all of the formatting and header info. If I send a basic email using a smtp python script that I made it works fine, and only prints the body, but if I send the email using outlook it prints a bunch of extra garbage. Any help is very much appreciated.
client = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(PopServer)
client.login(USER, PASSWORD)
client.select('INBOX')
status, email_ids = client.search(None, '(UNSEEN SUBJECT "%s")' % PrintSubject)
print email_ids
client.store(email_ids[0].replace(' ',','),'+FLAGS','\Seen')
for email in get_emails(email_ids):
get_emails()
def get_emails(email_ids):
data = []
for e_id in email_ids[0].split():
_, response = client.fetch(e_id, '(UID BODY[TEXT])')
data.append(response[0][1])
return data
Sounds like you're looking for the email package:
The email package provides a standard parser that understands most email document structures, including MIME documents. You can pass the parser a string or a file object, and the parser will return to you the root Message instance of the object structure. For simple, non-MIME messages the payload of this root object will likely be a string containing the text of the message. For MIME messages, the root object will return True from its is_multipart() method, and the subparts can be accessed via the get_payload() and walk() methods.
I want to save the MessageID of a sent email, so I can later use it in a References: header to facilitate threading.
I see in root/django/trunk/django/core/mail.py (line ~55) where the MessageID is created.
I'm trying to think of the best way to collect this value, other than just copy/pasting into a new backend module and returning it. Maybe that is the best way?
Ok, I see I was browsing tragically old code. I should be able to call django.core.mail.message.make_msgid() and populate the header myself before calling send.
Not all backends actually support asserting a message id (for e.g. SES sets it's own message ID and returns it in it's send response). You can actually pull out the returned/generated/set message id if you use the newer (circa 1.1?) EmailMessage class you can extract the returned message ID from the instance once you call .send(), e.g.:
e=EmailMessage(
subject,
content,
from_email,
recipient_list,
headers = headers,
)
e.send()
message_id = e.extra_headers.get('Message-Id',None)