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I am running a Python Tkinter GUI application for multiple days (ideally it will run continuously without needing to be restarted). After a few days, the program typically crashes with no explanation or error messages. I have used cProfile to profile the animation functionality of our Matplotlib graphs and search for possible slow-down points. The results clearly showed that the only function which increased in execution time over the program run period was this one:
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/transforms.py:134(_invalidate_internal)
I've looked at the Matplotlib source code (https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/blob/main/lib/matplotlib/transforms.py), but I haven't been able to figure out what this function is doing. What does _invalidate_internal do, and is there anything I can do to prevent it from taking so long to execute?
For more context, our program has several animated matplotlib plots which graph inputs from sensor data over time. We plot the n most recent data points on each frame so that it gives the effect of a scrolling graph. Here is the animation code:
def animate(ii):
while True:
most_recent_time_graphed = param_dict[param_list[0]] #first, pulls up first plot
most_recent = reader.query_by_num(table="SensorData", num=1)
reader.commit() #if identical, do not animate
#then checks that plot's time list
if (len(most_recent) == 0):
break
#time_reader = datetime.strptime(most_recent[0][0], "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S")
time_reader = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(most_recent[0][0])
if (len(most_recent_time_graphed.tList) != 0) and (time_reader == most_recent_time_graphed.tList[0]):
for i, param in enumerate(param_list, 1):
current_text = live_dict[param]
current_text.label.config(text=most_recent[0][i], fg="black", bg="white")
break #checks if the timestamp is exactly the same as prior, i.e. no new data points have been logged in this frame
#do I have to add an else?
else:
config_settings = csv_read()
c0, c1, c2 = config_dict['enable_text'], config_dict['num_config'], config_dict['provider_config']
c3, c4, c5 = config_dict['email_config'], config_dict['upper_config'], config_dict['lower_config']
for i, key in enumerate(param_dict, 1):
current_plot = param_dict[key]
current_param_val = float(most_recent[0][i])
current_text = live_dict[key] #update to live text data summary
if current_param_val > float(config_settings[c4][i-1]) or current_param_val < float(config_settings[c5][i-1]):
#only send text if enable_text is True
if config_settings[c0] == [str(True)]:
###sends text if new problem arises or every 5 minutes
if allIsGood[key] and Minute[key] == None:
print('new problem')
Minute[key] = datetime.now().minute
minuta[key] = Minute[key]
pCheck(float(config_settings[c4][i-1]),float(config_settings[c5][i-1]),key,current_param_val,config_settings[c1],config_settings[c2]) #uncomment to test emergency texts
elif allIsGood[key] == False and abs(Minute[key] - datetime.now().minute) % 5 == 0 and not (minuta[key] == datetime.now().minute):
print('same problem')
minuta[key] = datetime.now().minute
pCheck(float(config_settings[c4][i-1]),float(config_settings[c5][i-1]),key,current_param_val,config_settings[c1],config_settings[c2]) #uncomment to test emergency texts
#pass
#setting the parameter to not ok
allIsGood[key] = False
current_text.label.config(text=most_recent[0][i], fg="red", bg="white")
current_plot.plot_color = 'r'
else:
current_text.label.config(text=most_recent[0][i], fg="black", bg="white")
current_plot.plot_color = 'g'
###setting the parameter back to true and sending "ok" text
if allIsGood[key] == False:
Minute[key] = None
allOk(key,config_settings[c1],config_settings[c2])
pass
allIsGood[key] = True
data_stream = current_plot.incoming_data
time_stream = current_plot.tList
data_stream.insert(0, most_recent[0][i])
#time_f = datetime.strptime(most_recent[0][0], "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S")
time_f = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(most_recent[0][0])
time_stream.insert(0, time_f)
if len(data_stream) < 20: #graph updates, growing to show 20 points
current_plot.make_plot()
else: #there are 20 points and more available, so animation occurs
data_stream.pop()
time_stream.pop()
current_plot.make_plot()
break
Can you help me with my code?
I wanted an if-else statement, that if there is no description for the festival is given, it displays there is no info about that particular festival. But for that, I would have to do if not(event[2]) but for that, it shows
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\kanav_i4cko4c\Downloads\My first tkinter program.py", line 52, in <module>
if (event[2]):
IndexError: list index out of range
Here is the source code for festivals.txt
Diwali,5/11/21
Christmas,25/12/21
Here is the source code for the main program
from tkinter import Tk, Canvas, simpledialog, messagebox
from datetime import date, datetime
# function get_events is to get the celebration events
def get_events():
list_events = []
with open('festivals.txt') as file:
for line in file:
line1 = line.rstrip('\n')
global current_event
current_event = line1.split(',')
print('Check 0')
print(current_event)
current_event[1] = datetime.strptime(current_event[1], '%d/%m/%y').date()
list_events.append(current_event)
return list_events
def days_between_dates(date1, date2):
time_between = str(date1 - date2)
number_of_days = time_between.split(' ')
return number_of_days[0]
# End of Functions
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main program starts here
root = Tk()
root.title('Calendar')
c = Canvas(root, width=2000, height=800, bg='dark blue')
c.pack()
c.create_text(100, 50, anchor='w', fill='white', font=' Times 40 bold underline',
text='My Countdown Calendar')
c.create_rectangle(30, 10, 60, 1000,
outline="#fb0", fill="#fb0")
events = get_events()
today = date.today()
# Make a dictionary for the festivals
vertical_space = 100
events.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
horizontal_space = 100
for event in events:
event_name = event[0]
days_until = days_between_dates(event[1], today)
if (event[2]):
display = 'It is %s days until %s. %s = %s' % (days_until, event_name, event_name,event[2])
else:
display = 'It is %s days until %s. There is no info on %s' % (days_until, event_name, event_name)
if (int(days_until) <= 50):
text_col = '#c11a2b'
else:
text_col = 'SkyBlue1'
c.create_text(100, vertical_space, anchor='w', fill=text_col,
font='Calibri 28 bold', text=display)
vertical_space = vertical_space + 30
horizontal_space = horizontal_space + 40
When you evaluate event[2] it attempts to retrieve the 3rd item in the list which isn't there so python raises an exception.
One solution could be by initializing your list with default values:
event = [None for i in range(3)]
This way there is a None value at event[2] which can be evaluated by your if statement.
Another solution could be to simply check whether the list contains less than 3 items:
if len(event) <= 2:
# do something
I was making a countdown calendar that checks how many days left, name and info, but it is the condition that changes the colour for if more than 50 days part that doesn't work. Can you guys check it?. It checks how many left for each festival. Also as u can see If I change the date to today of any festival, it shows 1 Day left until. I want to fix that
Here is the text from festivals.txt
Dashain,14/10/21,This is Nepal Main Festival
Tihar,6/11/21,Festival of Lights
Christmas,25/12/21,Jingle Bells
New Year,1/01/22,The Day of the new year
from tkinter import Tk, Canvas, simpledialog, messagebox
from datetime import date, datetime
# function get_events is to get the celebration events
def get_events():
list_events = []
with open('festivals.txt') as file:
for line in file:
line1 = line.rstrip('\n')
global current_event
current_event = line1.split(',')
current_event[1] = datetime.strptime(current_event[1], '%d/%m/%y').date()
list_events.append(current_event)
return list_events
# Function to get the dates between the 2
def days_between_dates(date1, date2):
time_between = str(date1 - date2)
number_of_days = time_between.split(' ')
return number_of_days[0]
# End of Functions
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main program starts here
root = Tk()
root.title('Calendar')
# Make Canvas
c = Canvas(root, width=2000, height=800, bg='black')
c.pack()
c.create_text(100, 50, anchor='w', fill='cyan', font=' Times 40 bold italic underline',
text='My Countdown Calendar' )
# Store the functions in variables
events = get_events()
today = date.today()
# Aligning the text, sorting the list
vertical_space = 100
events.sort(key=lambda x: x[1])
horizontal_space = 100
# Main Loop
for event in events:
event_name = event[0]
days_until = days_between_dates(event[1], today)
display = 'It is %s days until %s. %s is about %s' % (days_until, event_name, event_name,event[2])
if (int(days_until) > 10):
text_col = '#c11a2b'
remin = 'Come one %s in coming' % (event_name)
c.create_text(550, 500, anchor='w', fill='purple', font='Courier 20 bold underline', text=remin)
else:
text_col = 'lime'
c.create_text(200, vertical_space, anchor='w', fill=text_col,
font='Calibri 28 bold', text=display)
vertical_space = vertical_space + 30
horizontal_space = horizontal_space + 40
There are a couple of problems with the date calculations.
Firstly you can obtain the number of days using the days attribute of the timedelta object returned by date1 - date2 in days_between_dates(). That function could be written as:
def days_between_dates(date1, date2):
return (date1 - date2).days
This is more succinct and less error prone, and now it will return an integer that is more useful in other calculations.
This also fixes a bug. When the dates are the same and str(date1 - date2) returns
'0:00:00' which your code fails to parse.
Regarding the greater than 50 condition, there is no such check in your code. There is a > 10 but your test data does not test that condition. You should add a line with a date within 10 days of the current day.
Finally you will need to handle past events for when the event has already happened. Currently the fixed code would display a negative number of days until the event.
I'm having a rough time trying to create threads inside a tkinter GUI. To give some background on what I would like the code to do. This is a GUI that when the log buttons are pressed (e.g. log_1). I'd like to send a continuous command to fire a laser and eventually (after I tackle the current problem) log the subsequent parameters.
However, my issue is that I have 5 lasers needing to be fired at the same time (or very close to) and the more lasers I have in the logging state ON the more the time delay between the lasers firing. I guess this is an issue because my: fire_all() function in conjunction with the window after(100, fire_all) is not a threaded process so having more lasers firing results in more of a time delay between the onset of the command to fire.
My code is below. Does anyone have any suggestions how to implement this properly?
# start the GUI
import tkinter as tk
window = tk.Tk()
def fire_astrum(dev): # N = 100 # no of points in stream array, pulse_count = int(1) # no of desired pulses in pulse train #command is command volatge
#dev,ana_out,ana_in,N,pulse_count,pulse_on,pulse_off,command
#dev = 'Dev1'
ana_out = 'ao0'
ana_in = "ai0:1"# for non consecutive channels use: "Dev0/ai0:Dev0/ai4"
N = 100
pulse_count = 10
pulse_on = 45
pulse_off = 15
command = 3.5
channel = dev +'/' + ana_out
tot = dev + "/" + ana_in
duty = pulse_on/(pulse_on+pulse_off) # duty cycle in %
array_on = int(N*duty) # on values in array
array_off = int(N-array_on) # off values in array
samples = np.append(command*np.ones(array_on),np.zeros(array_off)) # command is command voltage (IPROG), sets up stream array to send to NI box
curr = np.empty((2,pulse_count*len(samples))) # Empty arrays for IMON,VMON
error = np.uint32(np.empty((3,pulse_count*len(samples)))) # # Empty arrays for Digital inputs with pull-up resistors (READY, ERR1 & ERR2)
#sample_clock = '/'+dev+'/ai/SampleClock'
arm_laser(dev,'on') # Sends 5V to Astrum to arm laser diode
time.sleep(0.3) # wait for 300ms before data stream
with nidaqmx.Task() as writeTask, nidaqmx.Task() as readcurr, nidaqmx.Task(): # as digitalread:#, nidaqmx.Task() as readvolt:
writeTask.ao_channels.add_ao_voltage_chan(channel,units = Volts)
writeTask.ao_channels.all.ao_max = 4 # Hard clamp Limit to 4V to protect laser diode
writeTask.ao_channels.all.ao_min = 0 # Set baseline to 0V (ground loop protection)
readcurr.ai_channels.add_ai_voltage_chan(tot, units = Volts,terminal_config = TerminalConfiguration.RSE) # define differntial NRE connfig of channels
#print(read_curr.ai_term_cfg)
#digitalread.di_channels.add_di_chan(dev + '/port0/line0:2',line_grouping=LineGrouping.CHAN_PER_LINE)
#writeTask.triggers.start_trigger.cfg_dig_edge_start_trig('/' + dev +'/' + terminal) #Setting the trigger on the analog input
writeTask.timing.cfg_samp_clk_timing(rate=(array_on/N)*1/pulse_on*1000*N,sample_mode= nidaqmx.constants.AcquisitionType.FINITE , samps_per_chan= pulse_count*len(samples))
readcurr.timing.cfg_samp_clk_timing(rate=(array_on/N)*1/pulse_on*1000*N, sample_mode= nidaqmx.constants.AcquisitionType.FINITE , samps_per_chan= pulse_count*len(samples))
#digitalread.timing.cfg_samp_clk_timing(rate=(array_on/N)*1/pulse_on*1000*N, sample_mode= nidaqmx.constants.AcquisitionType.FINITE , samps_per_chan= pulse_count*len(samples))
reader_curr = AnalogMultiChannelReader(readcurr.in_stream)
#digital = DigitalMultiChannelReader(digitalread.in_stream)
writer = AnalogSingleChannelWriter(writeTask.out_stream, auto_start=True)
writer.write_many_sample(samples)
time_vec = np.linspace(0, (pulse_on+pulse_off)*pulse_count, num=len(curr[0]), endpoint=True)
reader_curr.read_many_sample(data = curr,number_of_samples_per_channel = pulse_count*len(samples), timeout = nidaqmx.constants.WAIT_INFINITELY)# read from DAQ
#digital.read_many_sample_port_uint32(data = error,number_of_samples_per_channel = pulse_count*len(samples), timeout = nidaqmx.constants.WAIT_INFINITELY)# read from DAQ
curr = np.around(curr, 6) # Round all values to 6 decimals to avoid overflow
error = np.around(error, 6) # Round all values to 6 decimals to avoid overflow
print("The channels linked to WriteTask are: ")
for i in writeTask.ao_channels:
print(i)
print("The channels linked to ReadTask are: ")
for j in readcurr.ai_channels:
print(j)
################# Astrum parameters #########################
imon = curr[0]
vmon = curr[1]
ready = error[0]
err1 = error[1]
err2 = error[2]
trigger = np.tile(samples,pulse_count)
###############################################################
arm_laser(dev,'off')
###############################################################
V = np.max(vmon)
I = np.max(imon)
#for j in range(9):
laser_1[6].config(text = V)
laser_1[7].config(text = I)
def log1():
if log_1.config('text')[-1] =='ON':
log_1.config(text='OFF', bg="red",activebackground="red",textvariable=0)
print(log_1.config('textvariable')[-1])
else:
log_1.config(text='ON', bg="green",activebackground="green",textvariable=1)
print(log_1.config('textvariable')[-1])
def log2():
if log_2.config('text')[-1] =='ON':
log_2.config(text='OFF', bg="red",activebackground="red",textvariable=0)
print(log_2.config('textvariable')[-1])
else:
log_2.config(text='ON', bg="green",activebackground="green",textvariable=1)
print(log_2.config('textvariable')[-1])
def log3():
if log_3.config('text')[-1] =='ON':
log_3.config(text='OFF', bg="red",activebackground="red",textvariable=0)
print(log_3.config('textvariable')[-1])
else:
log_3.config(text='ON', bg="green",activebackground="green",textvariable=1)
print(log_3.config('textvariable')[-1])
def log4():
if log_4.config('text')[-1] =='ON':
log_4.config(text='OFF', bg="red",activebackground="red",textvariable=0)
print(log_4.config('textvariable')[-1])
else:
log_4.config(text='ON', bg="green",activebackground="green",textvariable=1)
print(log_4.config('textvariable')[-1])
def log5():
if log_5.config('text')[-1] =='ON':
log_5.config(text='OFF', bg="red",activebackground="red",textvariable=0)
print(log_5.config('textvariable')[-1])
else:
log_5.config(text='ON', bg="green",activebackground="green",textvariable=1)
print(log_5.config('textvariable')[-1])
##### logging button lasers ###########
log_1 = tk.Button(top_frame, width=8 , bd=4, text = 'OFF', command = log1, bg = "red")
log_1.grid(row = 2, column = 8)
log_2 = tk.Button(top_frame, width=8 , bd=4, text = 'OFF', command = log2, bg = "red") #, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
log_2.grid(row = 3, column = 8)
log_3 = tk.Button(top_frame, width=8 , bd=4, text = 'OFF', command = log3, bg = "red") #, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
log_3.grid(row = 4, column = 8)
log_4 = tk.Button(top_frame, width=8 , bd=4, text = 'OFF', command = log4, bg = "red") #, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
log_4.grid(row = 5, column = 8)
log_5 = tk.Button(top_frame, width=8 , bd=4, text = 'OFF', command = log5, bg = "red") #, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
log_5.grid(row = 6, column = 8)
def fire_all():
#global a
a = str(log_1.config('textvariable')[-1])
b = str(log_2.config('textvariable')[-1])
c = str(log_3.config('textvariable')[-1])
d = str(log_4.config('textvariable')[-1])
e = str(log_5.config('textvariable')[-1])
if a == '1':
fire_astrum('Dev1')
if b == '1':
fire_astrum('Dev2')
if c == '1':
fire_astrum('Dev3')
if d == '1':
fire_astrum('Dev4')
if e == '1':
fire_astrum('Dev5')
# call this function again in 100 milliseconds
window.after(100, fire_all)
window.after(100, fire_all)
window.mainloop()
you can probably launch fire_astrum in a thread from fire_all.
maybe like this:
import threading
...
if a == '1':
threading.Thread(target=lambda dev='Dev1': fire_astrum(dev)).start()
...
It is unclear how long fire_astrum takes to complete; it also sleeps for 300ms; there is no telling the outcome when fired every 100ms, you'll have to try.
I want to validate two tkinter entries. One called minimum and the other called maximum. Of course, I want to make sure that minimum does not exceed maximum. And there is a third entry called increment which has to be lesser than maximum. There are a set of 15 such entries which I am trying to validate.
I have tried using for loop and tracing the textvariable of each entry. But inside the for loop, I am able to validate only a single entry box. Also, when I skip the validation for that specific one entry called the txtCab, it throws the following exception: If I do it for all the widgets, it does work, but fails some times.
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\beejb\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1705, in __call__
return self.func(*args)
File "C:\PROSAIL_5B_Fortran\PROSAIL_5B_FORTRAN\PROSAIL.py", line 191, in min_max
minVar = eval("self.txtVar_"+ str(wid)+ "_min.get()")
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'self' is not defined
The validation function I have used is:
def min_max(*args):
alltextFields = ["N","Cab","Car","Cw","Cm","Cbrown", "rsoil0","LIDFa","LIDFb","TypeLIDF","LAI","hspot","tts","tto","psi" ]
for wid in alltextFields:
if eval("self." + wid + "_variable.get()"):
minVar = eval("self.txtVar_"+ str(wid)+ "_min.get()")
maxVar = eval("self.txtVar_"+ str(wid) + "_max.get()")
rangeVar = eval("self.txtVar_"+ str(wid) + "_range.get()")
##
## print((minVar))
## print((maxVar))
## print((rangeVar))
if len(minVar) > 0 and len(maxVar):
if (minVar) > (maxVar):
messagebox.showinfo("Input Error", "Minimum should not be greater than maximum")
if len(rangeVar) > 0 and len(maxVar) > 0:
if (rangeVar) > (maxVar) :
messagebox.showinfo("Input Error", "Increment cannot exceed maximum limit")
## print(self.txtVar_Cab_min.get()); print(self.txtVar_Cab_max.get());
## print(self.txtVar_N_min.get()); print(self.txtVar_N_max.get());
if len(self.txtVar_Cab_min.get()) > 0 and len(self.txtVar_Cab_max.get()) > 0 and len(self.txtVar_Cab_range.get()) > 0:
if (self.txtVar_Cab_min.get()) > (self.txtVar_Cab_max.get()):
messagebox.showinfo("Input Data Error", "Minimum should not be greater than maximum!!")
if (self.txtVar_Cab_range.get()) > (self.txtVar_Cab_max.get()):
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "Increment cannot exceed maximum!!")
Another validation function I have tried is:
def validateMRM(self,value, text,W):
vMin,vMax,vRange;
entry = self.controller.nametowidget(W)
print(entry)
if entry == self.txt_N_min:
print(entry.get())
print(self.txtVar_N_max.get())
print(self.txtVar_N_range.get())
alltextFields = ["txt_N","txt_Cab","txt_Car","txt_Cab","txt_Cw","txt_Cw","txt_Cm","txt_Cbrown","txt_Cm", "txt_rsoil0",
"txt_LIDFa","txt_LIDFb","txt_TypeLIDF","txt_LAI","txt_hspot","txt_hspot","txt_tts","txt_tto","txt_psi"
]
for wid in alltextFields:
typeOfVar = wid.split("_")
if entry == eval("self.txt_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_min"):
vMin = eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_min.get()")
print(eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_min.get()"))
vMax = eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_max.get()")
print(eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_max.get()"))
vRange = eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_range.get()")
print(eval("self.txtVar_" + str(typeOfVar[1])+ "_range.get()"))
print(vMin); print(vMax); print(vRange)
if len(vMin) > 0 and len(vMax) > 0 and len(vRange) > 0:
if (vMin) > (vMax):
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "Minimum cannot be greater than maximum")
if (vRange) > (vMax) :
messagebox.showinfo("Error", "Increment cannot exceed the maximum limit")
print(len(entry.get()))
if len(entry.get())>2:
And here is how all the entries are created:
self.lbl_N = tk.Label(self,text="Structure Coefficient(N)",anchor="w",width=40,bg='white'); self.lbl_N.grid(row=3,column=4,padx=4,pady=4);
self.N_variable = tk.BooleanVar()
self.chk_N = tk.Checkbutton(self,variable=self.N_variable, command=lambda:self.show_hide()); self.chk_N.grid(row=3,column=6,padx=4,pady=4);
self.txt_N = tk.Entry(self,width=10,validate = 'key', validatecommand = vcmd); self.txt_N.grid(row=3,column=7,padx=4,pady=4);
self.txtVar_N_min = tk.StringVar(); self.txtVar_N_max = tk.StringVar(); self.txtVar_N_range = tk.StringVar();
self.txtVar_N_min.trace("w", min_max); self.txtVar_N_max.trace("w", min_max); self.txtVar_N_range.trace("w", min_max);
self.txt_N_min = tk.Entry(self,width=5,validate = 'key',textvariable=self.txtVar_N_min, validatecommand = vcmd_min_max);
self.txt_N_max = tk.Entry(self,width=5,validate = 'key', textvariable=self.txtVar_N_max,validatecommand = vcmd_min_max);
self.txt_N_range = tk.Entry(self,width=5,validate = 'key', textvariable=self.txtVar_N_range,validatecommand = vcmd_min_max);
There are a set of fourteen such entries and I need to validate each of them.
But none of this gives the actual output I want. It works some time and fails some other times.
I am not sure why is that happening and I have spent a hell of time with this validation.
I'm not sure whether this answers your question but it should point you in the right direction.
I couldn't make much sense of your code. I've produced a 15 row x 4 column grid.
The 4th column is a message that the 3 fields next to it are 'OK' or if not indicate the problem. The validation is run on the whole grid for each keypress. If this is too slow a validate button could launch the validation instead.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
def rec(): return {'lo': 0, 'hi': 0, 'step': 0, 'ok': '' }
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('SO Question')
def entry(id, ent_dict, var_dict, v=0):
""" Add an Entry Widget to the root, with associated StringVar."""
var_dict[id] = tk.StringVar()
var_dict[id].set(str(v))
ent_dict[id] = ttk.Entry(root, textvariable= var_dict[id], width = 10 )
return ent_dict[id]
def do_validate(lo, hi, step):
""" Return OK if lo, hi and step are consistent else an error string. """
if lo < hi and step < hi: return 'OK'
txt = ''
if lo >= hi:
txt = 'lo >= hi. '
if step >= hi:
txt += 'step >= hi.'
return txt
def conv(txt):
""" Convert text to float. Return 0.0 if not valid float e.g "" or 'a' """
try:
return float(txt)
except ValueError:
return 0.0
def oklabel(ent_dict, var_dict):
""" Add an OK Label to a row. """
lo = conv(var_dict['lo'].get())
hi = conv(var_dict['hi'].get())
step = conv(var_dict['step'].get())
var_dict['ok'] = tk.StringVar()
var_dict['ok'].set(do_validate(lo, hi, step))
ent_dict['ok'] = ttk.Label(root, textvariable = var_dict['ok'], width = -17)
return ent_dict['ok'] # Return the Label object for gridding.
def do_check(*args):
""" Loop through the rows setting the validation string in each one. """
for var_dict in stringvars:
lo = conv(var_dict['lo'].get())
hi = conv(var_dict['hi'].get())
step = conv(var_dict['step'].get())
var_dict['ok'].set(do_validate(lo, hi, step))
# Add column labels
ttk.Label(root, text='Minimums').grid(row=0, column=0)
ttk.Label(root, text =' Maximums').grid(row=0, column=1)
ttk.Label(root, text='Increment').grid(row=0, column=2)
ttk.Label(root, text='Valid').grid(row=0, column=3)
# Create containers for he Entries and Stringvars
entries =[]
stringvars = []
# Add 15 rows of Entries / Validation Labels to the UI.
for row in range(1, 16):
tempe=rec()
tempv=rec()
entry('lo', tempe, tempv, 0).grid(row = row, column=0)
entry('hi', tempe, tempv, 0).grid(row = row, column=1)
entry('step', tempe, tempv, 0).grid(row = row, column=2)
oklabel(tempe, tempv).grid(row = row, column = 3)
entries.append(tempe)
stringvars.append(tempv)
# Bind do_check to all Entry widgets.
root.bind_class('TEntry', '<KeyPress>', do_check, add='+')
root.bind_class('TEntry', '<BackSpace>', do_check, add='+')
root.bind_class('TEntry', '<Delete>', do_check, add='+')
root.mainloop()
In the past I've got stuck trying to validate multiple fields by not allowing inconsistent entries. It is difficult for users to follow what is required to correct fields. They have to work in the correct order. e.g. lo = 100, hi = 9, and step = 1. Should the UI allow the last zero in 100 to be deleted, leaving 10 which is gt 9?
This could be extended to activate a 'Next' button only if all rows are OK.
Edit 1 - Response to Comment
This has a function to create and activate each row of the display. Each row has it's own variables and checking function. They are triggered by the trace on the three Entry StringVars, there's no need to use validate.
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
def to_float(txt):
""" Safely convert any string to a float. Invalid strings return 0.0 """
try:
return float(txt)
except ValueError:
return 0.0
def row_n( parent, n, init_show = 0 ):
""" Create one row of the display. """
# tk.Variables
v_show = tk.IntVar()
v_min = tk.StringVar()
v_max = tk.StringVar()
v_incr = tk.StringVar()
v_message = tk.StringVar()
# Initialise variables
v_min.set('0')
v_max.set('1')
v_incr.set('1') # Can the increment be zero?
v_show.set(init_show)
v_message.set("OK")
def do_trace(*args):
""" Runs every time any of the three Entries change value.
Sets the message to the appropriate text.
"""
lo = to_float(v_min.get())
hi = to_float(v_max.get())
inc = to_float(v_incr.get())
if lo < hi and inc <=hi:
v_message.set('OK')
else:
txt = ''
if lo >= hi:
txt += 'Min >= Max'
if inc > hi:
if len(txt): txt += ' & '
txt += 'Incr > Max'
v_message.set(txt)
# Set trace callback for changes to the three StringVars
v_min.trace('w', do_trace)
v_max.trace('w', do_trace)
v_incr.trace('w', do_trace)
def activation(*args):
""" Runs when the tickbox changes state """
if v_show.get():
e_min.grid(row = n, column = 1)
e_max.grid(row = n, column = 2)
e_inc.grid(row = n, column = 3)
message.grid(row = n, column = 4)
else:
e_min.grid_remove()
e_max.grid_remove()
e_inc.grid_remove()
message.grid_remove()
tk.Checkbutton(parent,
text = 'Structure Coefficient {} :'.format(n),
variable = v_show, command = activation ).grid(row = n, column = 0)
e_min = tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_min)
e_max =tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_max)
e_inc = tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_incr)
message = tk.Label(parent, width=-15, textvariable = v_message)
activation()
return { 'Min': v_min, 'Max': v_max, 'Inc': v_incr }
def show_results():
print('Min Max Inc')
for row in rows:
res = '{} {} {}'.format(row['Min'].get(), row['Max'].get(), row['Inc'].get())
print( res )
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('SO Question')
ttk.Label(root, text='Minimums').grid(row=0, column=1)
ttk.Label(root, text =' Maximums').grid(row=0, column=2)
ttk.Label(root, text='Step', width = 5 ).grid(row=0, column=3)
ttk.Label(root, text='Valid', width = 15 ).grid(row=0, column=4)
rows = []
for r in range(1,16):
rows.append(row_n(root, r, init_show=r%3 == 0 ))
tk.Button(root, command=show_results, text = ' Show Results ').grid(column=1, pady = 5)
root.mainloop()
This is another approach. Does this help.
Here's another suggestion. Incorporate the Label and Entry in the row-n function. Include activating / disabling the Entry in the activate function. The row_n function is executed in a loop through a list of the descriptions you want.
import tkinter as tk
row_names = [ "Structure Coefficient(N)", "Chlorophyll Content(Cab) (µg.cm-2)",
"Carotenoid content(Car) (µg.cm-2)", "Brown pigment content(Cbrown)(arbitrary units)"]
def row_n(parent, desc, n, init_show = 0 ):
""" Create one row of the display. """
# tk.Variables
v_show = tk.IntVar()
v_min = tk.StringVar()
v_max = tk.StringVar()
v_incr = tk.StringVar()
v_fixed = tk.StringVar() # New StringVar
v_message = tk.StringVar()
v_show.set(init_show)
v_message.set("OK")
def do_trace(*args):
""" Runs every time any of the three Entries change value.
Sets the message to the appropriate text.
"""
lo = to_float(v_min.get())
hi = to_float(v_max.get())
inc = to_float(v_incr.get())
if lo < hi and inc <=hi:
v_message.set('OK')
else:
txt = ''
if lo >= hi:
txt += 'Min >= Max'
if inc > hi:
if len(txt): txt += ' & '
txt += 'Incr > Max'
v_message.set(txt)
# Set trace callback for changes to the three StringVars
v_min.trace('w', do_trace)
v_max.trace('w', do_trace)
v_incr.trace('w', do_trace)
def activation(*args):
""" Runs when the tickbox changes state """
if v_show.get():
e_min.grid(row = n, column = 8)
e_max.grid(row = n, column = 9)
e_inc.grid(row = n, column = 10)
message.grid(row = n, column = 11)
e_fixed.config(state = 'disabled') # Disable the base Entry
else:
e_min.grid_remove()
e_max.grid_remove()
e_inc.grid_remove()
message.grid_remove()
e_fixed.config(state = 'normal') # Enable the base Entry Widget
tk.Label(parent, text = desc ).grid(row = r+1, column = 4 ) # Add the desc. Label
e_fixed = tk.Entry(parent, textvariable = v_fixed) # Add the new Entry widget
e_fixed.grid(row = r+1, column = 5)
tk.Checkbutton(parent,
text = ' '.format(n),
variable = v_show, command = activation ).grid(row = n, column = 6)
e_min = tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_min)
e_min.config(font=('Candara', 15))
e_max =tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_max)
e_max.config(font=('Candara', 15))
e_inc = tk.Entry(parent, width=5, textvariable = v_incr)
e_inc.config(font=('Candara', 15))
message = tk.Label(parent, width=-15, textvariable = v_message)
message.config(font=('Candara', 15))
activation()
return { 'Min': v_min, 'Max': v_max, 'Inc': v_incr, 'Fixed': v_fixed }
# The 'Fixed' field added to the dictionary to return
def print_row(row):
fmt = 'Min: {}, Max: {}, Inc: {}, Fixed: {}'
print(fmt.format(
row['Min'].get(), row['Max'].get(), row['Inc'].get(), row['Fixed'].get()
))
def to_float(txt):
""" Safely convert any string to a float. Invalid strings return 0.0 """
try:
return float(txt)
except ValueError:
return 0.0
# GUI Start
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Validation wth Trace')
# Header Labels
tk.Label(root,text="Min").grid(row=0,column=8,padx=4,pady=4)
tk.Label(root,text="Max").grid(row=0,column=9,padx=4,pady=4)
tk.Label(root,text="Inc").grid(row=0,column=10,padx=4,pady=4)
# Body of rows
rows = []
for r, r_text in enumerate(row_names):
rows.append(row_n( root, r_text, r+1))
root.mainloop()
print("Strings in the Entry fields")
for r, row in enumerate(rows):
print('Row: ', r, 'Data:', end=' ')
print_row(row)
HTH. Seeing your code in the inked question you may prefer to make row_n a class.