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I am new to django and python. Django URLs error: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include() [duplicate]

After upgrading to Django 1.10, I get the error:
TypeError: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().
My urls.py is as follows:
from django.conf.urls import include, url
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'),
url(r'^contact/$', 'myapp.views.contact'),
url(r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'),
]
The full traceback is:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper
fn(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 121, in inner_run
self.check(display_num_errors=True)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 385, in check
include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 372, in _run_checks
return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 14, in check_url_config
return check_resolver(resolver)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 24, in check_resolver
for pattern in resolver.url_patterns:
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 310, in url_patterns
patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 303, in urlconf_module
return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
__import__(name)
File "/Users/alasdair/dev/urlproject/urlproject/urls.py", line 28, in <module>
url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'),
File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py", line 85, in url
raise TypeError('view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().')
TypeError: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().

Django 1.10 no longer allows you to specify views as a string (e.g. 'myapp.views.home') in your URL patterns.
The solution is to update your urls.py to include the view callable. This means that you have to import the view in your urls.py. If your URL patterns don't have names, then now is a good time to add one, because reversing with the dotted python path no longer works.
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib.auth.views import login
from myapp.views import home, contact
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', home, name='home'),
url(r'^contact/$', contact, name='contact'),
url(r'^login/$', login, name='login'),
]
If there are many views, then importing them individually can be inconvenient. An alternative is to import the views module from your app.
from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from myapp import views as myapp_views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', myapp_views.home, name='home'),
url(r'^contact/$', myapp_views.contact, name='contact'),
url(r'^login/$', auth_views.login, name='login'),
]
Note that we have used as myapp_views and as auth_views, which allows us to import the views.py from multiple apps without them clashing.
See the Django URL dispatcher docs for more information about urlpatterns.

This error just means that myapp.views.home is not something that can be called, like a function. It is a string in fact. While your solution works in django 1.9, nevertheless it throws a warning saying this will deprecate from version 1.10 onwards, which is exactly what has happened. The previous solution by #Alasdair imports the necessary view functions into the script through either
from myapp import views as myapp_views or
from myapp.views import home, contact

You may also get this error if you have a name clash of a view and a module. I've got the error when i distribute my view files under views folder, /views/view1.py, /views/view2.py and imported some model named table.py in view2.py which happened to be a name of a view in view1.py. So naming the view functions as v_table(request,id) helped.

Just in case you got the error on your terminal, it is possible that if you stop the server and then run it again, it would work.
On Windows:
ctrl+c
to stop the server
then run the server again:
python manage.py runserver
Cheers.

Your code is
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'),
url(r'^contact/$', 'myapp.views.contact'),
url(r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'),
]
change it to following as you're importing include() function :
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.home),
url(r'^contact/$', views.contact),
url(r'^login/$', views.login),
]

change
register = template.Library()
to
registerr = template.Library()
resovled my issue

SyntaxError at /rango/,invalid syntax

I am following tangowithdjango django tutorial.While I am running http://127.0.0.1/rango I am getting following error.
the error is
Django Version: 1.8.5
Exception Type: SyntaxError
Exception Value: invalid syntax (views.py, line 15)
Exception Location: /root/work/tango_with_django_project/rang/urls.py in <module>, line 2
My urls.py is
from django.conf.urls import patterns,url
from rango import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
url(r'^about/$', views.about, name='about'),
url(r'^category/(?P<slug>[\w\-]+)/$', views.category, name='category'),)
and views.py is
from django.shortcuts import render
from rango.models import Category,Page
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
category_list = Category.objects.order_by('-likes')[:5]
context_dict={'categories':category_list}
return render(request, 'rango/index.html', context_dict)
def about(request):
return HttpResponse(" <a href='/rango/'>go back</a>")
def category(request,slug):
context_dict={}
try:
my_category = Category.objects.get(slug=category_name_slug)
context_dict['category_name'] = my_category.name
pages = Page.objects.filter(category=my_category)
context_dict['pages'] = pages
context_dict['category'] = my_category
except Category.DoesNotExist:
pass
return render(request, 'rango/category.html', context_dict)
Traceback is
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/rango/about/
Django Version: 1.8.5
Python Version: 2.7.9
Installed Applications:
['django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rango']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers /base.py" in get_response
119. resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django /core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve
365. for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in url_patterns
401. patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django /core/urlresolvers.py" in urlconf_module
395. self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py" in import_module
37. __import__(name)
File "/root/work/tango_with_django_project/tango_with_django_project/urls.py" in <module>
23. url(r'^rango/',include('rango.urls')),
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py" in include
33. urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py" in import_module
37. __import__(name)
File "/root/work/tango_with_django_project/rango/urls.py" in <module>
2. from . import views
Exception Type: SyntaxError at /rango/about/
Exception Value: invalid syntax (views.py, line 15)
Please help me.Thanks in advance....

Your identation is wrong, look in:
# Retrieve all of the associated pages.
# Note that filter returns >= 1 model instance.
pages = Page.objects.filter(category=category)
# Adds our results list to the template context under name pages.
context_dict['pages'] = pages
# We also add the category object from the database to the context dictionary.
# We'll use this in the template to verify that the category exists.
context_dict['category'] = category
Now you have an indentation error here:
def index(request):
category_list = Category.objects.order_by('-likes')[:5]
context_dict={'categories':category_list}
return render(request, 'rango/index.html', context_dict)

ImportError at /articles/api/article: No module named api(TastyPie)

I'm making a Django website and I downloaded the Tastypie API. But when I try to run my site on (localhost)/articles/api/article, I get this error:
ImportError at /articles/api/article: No module named api
Here is my api.py file:
from tastypie.resources import ModelResource
from tastypie.constants import ALL
from models import Article
class ArticleResource(ModelResource):
class Meta:
queryset = Article.objects.all()
resource_name = 'article'
and my urls.py file:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import ArticleResource
article_resource = ArticleResource()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^accounts/login/$', 'django_test.views.login'),
url(r'^accounts/auth/$', 'django_test.views.auth_view'),
url(r'^accounts/loggedin/$', 'django_test.views.loggedin'),
url(r'^accounts/invalid/$', 'django_test.views.invalid_login'),
url(r'^accounts/logout/$', 'django_test.views.logout'),
url(r'^accounts/register/$', 'django_test.views.register_user'),
url(r'^accounts/register_success/$', 'django_test.views.register_success'),
url(r'^articles/all/$', 'article.views.articles'),
url(r'^articles/create/$', 'article.views.create'),
url(r'^articles/get/(?P<article_id>\d+)/$', 'article.views.article'),
url(r'^articles/like/(?P<article_id>\d+)/$', 'article.views.like_article'),
url(r'^articles/add_comment/(?P<article_id>\d+)/$', 'article.views.add_comment'),
url(r'^articles/search/', 'article.views.search_titles'),
url(r'^articles/api/article', include(article_resource.urls)),
)
This is my traceback:
Traceback:
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/articles/api/article/
Django Version: 1.7.4
Python Version: 2.7.8
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.comments',
'article',
'tastypie')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware')
Traceback:
File "/home/deanna/django-deanna/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.7.4-py2.7.egg/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
98. resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info)
File "/home/deanna/django-deanna/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.7.4-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve
343. for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/home/deanna/django-deanna/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.7.4-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in url_patterns
372. patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/home/deanna/django-deanna/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Django-1.7.4-py2.7.egg/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in urlconf_module
366. self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py" in import_module
37. __import__(name)
File "/home/deanna/django_test/django_test/urls.py" in <module>
3. from api import ArticleResource
Exception Type: ImportError at /articles/api/article/
Exception Value: No module named api
I don't know what I'm doing that's getting this error. I'd appreciate any help I can get. Thank You.

Django - Import Error: No module named *.urls

I'm working through the official Django tutorial and adapting it slightly for my own needs using Django version 1.6.1, Python 2.7.6.
I'm at the point where it has me mapping URLs but I keep getting "No module named customers.urls" errors when there is very clearly a module with an aptly named file within, so I'm really at a loss as to what I'm doing wrong.
My initial thought was that I needed to import something customers-related in the root/urls.py but every combination of import resulted in roughly the same error, and the tutorial did not say to do this.
ROOT_URLCONF = 'taco.urls' (taco is the name of the project)
I'm running this using manage.py/runserver so there's no special web server trickery going on that I'm aware of. I've restarted it several times.
The apps are all properly registered, as the traceback can attest.
Any pointers as to something I'm overlooking would be appreciated!
root/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^customers/', include('customers.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)
customers/urls.py:
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url;
from customers import views;
urlpatterns = ('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index')
);
customers/views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse;
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello");
Traceback
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://192.168.3.208:8000/customers/
Django Version: 1.6.1
Python Version: 2.7.6
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'south',
'taco.customers',
'taco.inventory',
'taco.lookups',
'taco.orders')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware')
Traceback:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
99. resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve
337. for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in url_patterns
365. patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in urlconf_module
360. self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module
40. __import__(name)
File "/var/project/taco/taco/urls.py" in <module>
7. url(r'^customers/', include('customers.urls')),
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py" in include
26. urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module
40. __import__(name)
Exception Type: ImportError at /customers/
Exception Value: No module named customers.urls

In your customers/urls.py:
Change this:
urlpatterns = ('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index')
);
For this:
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index')
);
Also, make sure you have your __init__.py file in package customers. And that INSTALLED_APPS is correctly filled with you app name.
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.admin',
'south',
'customers',
'inventory',
'lookups',
'orders',
)

If taco is the name of the project check that apps are being referenced correctly so in your installed apps you may need the following:
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'south',
'customers',
'inventory',
'lookups',
'orders')

Accessing subdirectory module in django

I have a very simple Django application I'm starting. I've run through the tutorial on djangoproject.com and got it working, now I'm building my site. However, I'm having trouble getting my url routing to work. My directory structure is
/dartagnan
--/menu
__init__.py
admin.py
models.py
urls.py
views.py
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
My models are working, and I have (had) the admin up and running. I added the menu/urls with
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from dartagnan.menu import views
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index')
)
My installed apps includes bot 'dartagnan' and 'dartagnan.menu'
and I updated the top level urls.py to have
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
url(r'^menu/', include('menu.urls')),
)
Now when I try to visit, say localhost/menu I get the error:
ImportError at /menu
No module named menu.urls
I've tried 'dartagnan.menu.urls', and a bunch of other variations. I've tried to find a similar question to learn from, but if someone is having the same problem I'm too new at python and django to realize they are the same.
Edit: per request, the error trace
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/menu
Django Version: 1.6.5
Python Version: 2.7.5
Installed Applications:
('django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'django.contrib.admin',
'dartagnan',
'dartagnan.menu')
Installed Middleware:
('django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware')
Traceback:
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
88. response = middleware_method(request)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/middleware/common.py" in process_request
71. if (not urlresolvers.is_valid_path(request.path_info, urlconf) and
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in is_valid_path
596. resolve(path, urlconf)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve
476. return get_resolver(urlconf).resolve(path)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in resolve
337. for pattern in self.url_patterns:
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in url_patterns
365. patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py" in urlconf_module
360. self._urlconf_module = import_module(self.urlconf_name)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module
40. __import__(name)
File "/Users/Christopher/Sourcecode/dartagnan/dartagnan/urls.py" in <module>
19. url(r'^menu/', include('menu.urls')),
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py" in include
26. urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
File "/Users/Christopher/dartagnan-base-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py" in import_module
40. __import__(name)
Exception Type: ImportError at /menu
Exception Value: No module named menu.urls