This question already has answers here:
How to temporarily modify sys.path in Python?
(4 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
import sys
print(sys.path)
'C:\\python32\\Lib\\site-packages\\django'
'C:\\Python32'
'C:\\Python32\\lib\\site-packages'
...
for some reason, my pythonpath got messy. I'd like to organize it. Is it correct that I don't need the first and the last one above? And how can I change it permanently? (Not like sys.path.remove or sys.path.append)
I'm using Python3.2. in windows8.
Path 'C:\Python32\lib\site-packages' is added to sys.path by the built-in site module.
If you want to, you can start python with the -S flag to tell the site module "Don't add site-packages".
python -S
Next, 'C:\python32\Lib\site-packages\django'.
Here's a wild guess: you installed django with pip/easy_install/msi-installer and there is a file
C:\python32\Lib\site-packages\django.pth (or something like this ending with .pth)
Quoting the docs:
A path configuration file is a file whose name has the form name.pth
and exists in one of the four directories mentioned above; its
contents are additional items (one per line) to be added to sys.path.
You can remove django.pth file (not recommended, see below) to remove '..../django' from sys.path
So, short answer: don't mess with sys.path, what's in sys.path is probably for a good reason.
If you don't need django, then uninstall django using whatever tool you used to install it. Same for every package you don't need.
Related
I'm really unexpert in python, so forgive my question if stupid.
I'm trying a simple script that operates on all the files in a folder.
However, I apparently can only access the folder recursively!
I explain. I have a folder, DATA, with subfolders for each day (of the form YYYY-MM-DD).
If I try
for filename in glob.glob('C:\Users\My username\Documents\DATA\2021-01-20\*'):
print filename
I get no output.
However, if I try instead
for filename in glob.glob('C:\Users\My username\Documents\DATA\*\*'):
print filename
the output is that expected:
C:\Users\My username\Documents\DATA\2021-01-20\210120_HOPG_sputteredTip0001.sxm
C:\Users\My username\Documents\DATA\2021-01-20\210120_HOPG_sputteredTip0002.sxm
...
I even tried different folder names (removing the dashes, using letters in the beginning, using only letters, using a shorter folder name) but the result is still the same.
What am I missing?
(BTW: I am on python 2.7, and it's because the program I need for the data is only compatible with python 2)
Beware when using backslashes in strings. In Python this means escaping characters. Try prepending your string with r like so:
for filename in glob.glob(r'C:\Users\My username\Documents\DATA\*'):
# Do you business
Edit:
As #poomerang has pointed out a shorter answer has previously been provided as to what 'r' does in Python here
Official docs for Python string-literals: Python 2.7 and for Python 3.8.
Recursive file search is not possible with glob in Python 2.7. I.e. searching for files in a folder, its subfolders, sub-subfolders and so on.
You have two options:
use os.walk (you might need to change your code's structure however)
Use the backported pathlib2 module from PyPI https://pypi.org/project/pathlib2/ - which should include a glob function supporting the recursive search using ** wildcard.
I have this small program and it needs to create a small .txt file in their 'My Documents' Folder. Here's the code I have for that:
textfile=open('C:\Users\MYNAME\Documents','w')
lines=['stuff goes here']
textfile.writelines(lines)
textfile.close()
The problem is that if other people use it, how do I change the MYNAME to their account name?
Use os.path.expanduser(path), see http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html
e.g. expanduser('~/filename')
This works on both Unix and Windows, according to the docs.
Edit: forward slash due to Sven's comment.
This works without any extra libs:
import ctypes.wintypes
CSIDL_PERSONAL = 5 # My Documents
SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT = 0 # Get current, not default value
buf= ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(ctypes.wintypes.MAX_PATH)
ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, CSIDL_PERSONAL, None, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf)
print(buf.value)
Also works if documents location and/or default save location is changed by user.
On Windows, you can use something similar what is shown in the accepted answer to the question: Python, get windows special folders for currently logged-in user.
For the My Documents folder path, useshellcon.CSIDL_PERSONALin the shell.SHGetFolderPath() function call instead of shellcon.CSIDL_MYPICTURES.
So, assuming you have the PyWin32 extensions1 installed, this might work (see caveat in Update section below):
>>> from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
>>> shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, shellcon.CSIDL_PERSONAL, None, 0)
u'<path\\to\\folder>'
Update: I just read something that said that CSIDL_PERSONAL won't return the correct folder if the user has changed the default save folder in the Win7 Documents library. This is referring to what you can do in library's Properties dialog:
The checkmark means that the path is set as the default save location.
I currently am unware of a way to call the SHLoadLibraryFromKnownFolder() function through PyWin32 (there currently isn't a shell.SHLoadLibraryFromKnownFolder. However it should be possible to do so using the ctypes module.
1Installers for the latest versions of the Python for Windows Extensions are currently available from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32
This question already has answers here:
os.makedirs doesn't understand "~" in my path
(3 answers)
Closed 6 months ago.
I am trying to read a file in another directory. My current script is in path/to/dir. However, I want to read a file in ~/. I'm not sure how to do this.
I tried f = open("~/.file") but I am getting an error
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '~/.file'
use os.path.expanduser:
import os
with open(os.path.expanduser('~/.file')) as f:
print f.read()
This should work
from os.path import expanduser
home = expanduser("~")
os.path.expanduser will help you
The short answer is: use os.path.expanduser, as m.wasowski shows:
f = open(os.path.expanduser("~/.file"))
But why do you have to do this?
Well, ~/.file doesn't actually mean what you think it does. It's just asking for a file named .file in a subdirectory named ~ in the current working directory.
Why does this work on the command line? Bcause shells don't just pass your arguments along as typed, they do all kinds of complicated processing.
This is why ./myscript.py *txt gives you ['./myscript.py', 'a.txt', 'b.txt', 'c.txt', 'd e f.txt'] in your argv—because the shell does glob expansion on *.txt by looking in the directory for everything that matches that pattern and turns it into a.txt b.txt c.txt "d e f.txt".
In the same way, it expands ~/.file into /Users/me/.file by looking at the appropriate environment variables and platform-specific defaults and so on. You can read the gory details for bash; things are similar with dash, tcsh, and most other shells (except Windows cmd and PowerShell).
Python talks to the filesystem directly, it doesn't go through the shell to do it. So, if you want to do the same things shells do, you have to do them explicitly: glob.glob, os.path.expanduser, os.path.expandvars, subprocess.check_output, etc.
The cool thing about doing it all in Python is that it works the same way everywhere. Even on Windows, where the shell doesn't know what ~/.file means, and the right answer may be some hideous thing like 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\me\\Documents' or '\\\\FileServer\\RoamingProfiles\\me', os.path.expanduser will give you the right hideous thing.
I have this small program and it needs to create a small .txt file in their 'My Documents' Folder. Here's the code I have for that:
textfile=open('C:\Users\MYNAME\Documents','w')
lines=['stuff goes here']
textfile.writelines(lines)
textfile.close()
The problem is that if other people use it, how do I change the MYNAME to their account name?
Use os.path.expanduser(path), see http://docs.python.org/library/os.path.html
e.g. expanduser('~/filename')
This works on both Unix and Windows, according to the docs.
Edit: forward slash due to Sven's comment.
This works without any extra libs:
import ctypes.wintypes
CSIDL_PERSONAL = 5 # My Documents
SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT = 0 # Get current, not default value
buf= ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(ctypes.wintypes.MAX_PATH)
ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, CSIDL_PERSONAL, None, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT, buf)
print(buf.value)
Also works if documents location and/or default save location is changed by user.
On Windows, you can use something similar what is shown in the accepted answer to the question: Python, get windows special folders for currently logged-in user.
For the My Documents folder path, useshellcon.CSIDL_PERSONALin the shell.SHGetFolderPath() function call instead of shellcon.CSIDL_MYPICTURES.
So, assuming you have the PyWin32 extensions1 installed, this might work (see caveat in Update section below):
>>> from win32com.shell import shell, shellcon
>>> shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, shellcon.CSIDL_PERSONAL, None, 0)
u'<path\\to\\folder>'
Update: I just read something that said that CSIDL_PERSONAL won't return the correct folder if the user has changed the default save folder in the Win7 Documents library. This is referring to what you can do in library's Properties dialog:
The checkmark means that the path is set as the default save location.
I currently am unware of a way to call the SHLoadLibraryFromKnownFolder() function through PyWin32 (there currently isn't a shell.SHLoadLibraryFromKnownFolder. However it should be possible to do so using the ctypes module.
1Installers for the latest versions of the Python for Windows Extensions are currently available from: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32
This question already has answers here:
Closed 12 years ago.
Possible Duplicates:
What is the best practice for dealing with passwords in github?
How can I track system-specific config files in a repo/project?
Hi,
I would like to hide
DATABASE_NAME = ''
DATABASE_USER = ''
DATABASE_PASSWORD = ''
DATABASE_HOST = ''
Line 13 to 17 of the default Django settings.py file when checking it in github.
I still want to check it in tho, because I am adding modifications from time to time. I just want these four lines to always be set to empty.
You could also have an extra settings file which holds passwords and just import them in your main settings.py
For example:
settings.py
DATABASE_PASSWORD = ''
try:
from dev_settings import *
except ImportError:
pass
dev_settings.py
DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'mypassword'
And keep dev_settings.py out of revision control.
For my configuration files, I create a config.py-example and a config.py. config.py is ignored by the version control. When I deploy, I just copy config.py-example to config.py and update the passwords.
Unfortunately, that's not how Git works - either a file is in version control, or it isn't.
If you don't want the info in Github, then don't check it in. You could keep a copy of the config file in a separate (private) repository elsewhere if you wanted, though.
I would recommend keeping settings.py with those four lines exactly as you've shown them, and have a separate, tiny Python script to add and remove the four bits of secret information (reading them from a file that's not part of your git repository, but rather is safely and secretly kept -- in a couple of copies, for safety -- in very secure places).
You can have a presubmit check to make sure you never, ever push a settings.py that has not been shorn of the secrets (I don't know git enough to tell if it has "presubmit triggers" that can modify the repo, as well as presubmit checks that just check it, but, if it does, then clearly it may be more convenient for you to use said tiny Python script in such a trigger -- indeed, if that's the case, you might want to consider doing the removal/restoring of the secrets by using patch, and a simple diff file to use as its input, so you don't have to write even a line of script for the purpose).