I have some troubles with importation of self-made modules, I just can't see what I am doing wrong.
I have a package named basics, which has all my base classes
I have a second package named components, and every module in componentsuses the modules from basics.
I have a script file, located in another folder, which calls upon the basics and components modules.
I get the following error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\spyderlib\widgets\externalshell\sitecustomize.py", line 540, in runfile
execfile(filename, namespace)
File "H:/scripts/CIF_utilities/scripts/hello world.py", line 11, in <module>
TW=TextWriter(r'H:/scripts/CIF_utilities/components')
File "H:\scripts\CIF_utilities\components\textwriter.py", line 23, in __init__
layout=Layout(File=os.path.join(path,'alphabet.CIF'))
NameError: global name 'Layout' is not defined
There is my script: hello world.py
#hello world.py
import basics
from components.textwriter import *
TW=TextWriter(r'H:/scripts/CIF_utilities/components')
cell=TW.writeText('Hello World',30e3)
cell.draw()
layout=Layout()
layout.addCell(cell)
layout.workCell=cell
layout.exportCIF('hello world',os.getcwd())
textwriter.py is the one giving the error. In init, I load some data from a preformatted file using the Layout class (which will make the import)
in textwriter.py
#texwriter.py
import basics
import os, os.path, sys
import re
from numpy import *
from scipy import *
class TextWriter:
def __init__(self,pathToCIF=None):
if pathToCIF==None:
path=os.path.split(textwriter.__file__)[0]
else:
path=pathToCIF
###line that crashes is here
layout=Layout(File=os.path.join(path,'alphabet.CIF'))
self.alphabet=layout.workCell
There is the layout.py class:
#layout.py
import basics
from numpy import *
from scipy import *
import Tkinter
import tkFileDialog
import os, os.path
import re
import datetime
class Layout:
countCell=0
#classmethod
def getNewNumber(self):
Layout.countCell+=1
return Layout.countCell
def __init__(self,File=None):
self.cellList=[]
self.layerList=[]
self.nameFile=""
self.comments=""
self.workCell=None
if File!=None:
self.importCIF(File)
the init.py of the basics package contains all the necessary importations:
#__init__.py in basics folder
from baseElt import *
from cell import *
from layout import *
from transformation import *
the init.py from components is empty
I am currently using the anaconda 64bits distribution (python 2.7 if I recall well)
Thanks for your much needed help!
Since Layout is imported in basics/__init__.py, it only exists in the basics namespace, not in helloworld.py. Either access it with
layout = basics.Layout()
or explicitly import Layout into helloworld.py with
from basics import Layout
In textwriter.py, you want to switch
layout=Layout(File=os.path.join(path,'alphabet.CIF'))
for
layout=basics.Layout(File=os.path.join(path,'alphabet.CIF'))
You may have similar problems along your code. it is good to note that it is not pythonic to use
from package import *
It is recommended to instead use
from package_or_module import specific_item
import package_or_module
Remember, if you import with regular import you have to use the module/package name to access the object you want (i.e. basics.Layout).
Related
just new to python, and I believe this is not a big deal but because I am a freshman.
Basically, this is a simple program plotting a FM signal in time domain. I write a module by myself.
def FreqMod (fc,fm,t_domain)
pi=py.pi
if fc>fm:
delta=fc-fm
else:
delta=fm-fc
return py.cos(2*pi*fc*t_domain+ (delta/fm)*py.sin(2*pi*fm*t_domain))
def AmpMod(fc,fm,t_domain):
pi=py.pi
return py.cos(2*pi*fc*t_domain)*py.cos(2*pi*fm*t_domain)
And import it in another program
import numpy as py
import mylib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
pi=py.pi
y=mylib.FreqMod(5,1000,t=py.arange(0,2*pi,pi/4000))
plt.plot(y)
The lib file is located as the same directory as the program. But I Got this later:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "...(The directory)...", line 14, in <module>
y=mylib.FreqMod(5,1000,t=py.arange(0,2*pi,pi/4000))
AttributeError: module 'mylib' has no attribute 'FreqMod'
It seems like I didn't import the module successfully. I have compared it with examples in how to write and import a module, but yet can't figure out why. This really confuse me as a beginner in python.
I have this structure
02.SensorTag/
sensortag_example.py
bluepy/bluepy/sensortag.py
bluepy/bluepy/btle.py
So the sensortag_example.py is importing the sensortag.py
import bluepy
from bluepy.bluepy import sensortag
When I ran the code it complains about the import from the sensortag.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "sensortag_example.py", line 2, in <module>
from bluepy.bluepy import sensortag
File "/home/pi/Development/02.SensorTag/bluepy/bluepy/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from . import sensortag
File "/home/pi/Development/02.SensorTag/bluepy/bluepy/sensortag.py", line 1, in <module>
from bluepy.btle import UUID, Peripheral, DefaultDelegate, AssignedNumbers
ImportError: No module named 'bluepy.btle'
I've tried to add a new path but it didin't work. If I move the program to the first folder bluepy and change the import to "from bluepy import sensortag" it works, but I'll need to import other libs so I don't want to let it in bluepy folder.
I am trying to run this code:
https://gist.github.com/atotto/ae603b962115eef703c0011d8e652ea3
Thanks and best regards,
Edu
Because sensortag.py is in the same directory as btle.py, add a . in front of the import
from .btle import UUID, Peripheral, DefaultDelegate, AssignedNumbers
This is known as a relative import: https://docs.python.org/2.5/whatsnew/pep-328.html
As both btle.py and sensortag.py are in the same directory so by looking at your error I am assuming that you tried to import it from previous directory. So place from .btle import UUID in sensortag.py should solve the issue.
You should create two init.py file.
02.SensorTag/
sensortag_example.py
bluepy/__init__.py
bluepy/bluepy/__init__.py
bluepy/bluepy/sensortag.py
bluepy/bluepy/btle.py
I have setup the following structure: Python 201: Creating Modules and Packages.
The mymathpackage is available at that link.
When you run the code below:
import sys
sys.path.append('G:\MyPython\Package')
import mymath
print (mymath.add(4,5))
print (mymath.division(4, 2))
print (mymath.multiply(10, 5))
print (mymath.fibonacci(8))
print (mymath.squareroot(48))
Python Version: 3.4
outer __init__.py contents:
from add import add
from divide import division
from multiply import multiply
from subtract import subtract
from adv.fib import fibonacci
from adv.sqrt import squareroot
My goal is to call division,add,subtract, etc, but if I try to call the module I get:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "G:\MyPython\Package\myscript.py", line 1, in <module>
import mymath
File "G:\MyPython\Package\mymath\__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
from add import add
ImportError: No module named 'add'
Python 3.x has changed import resolution. You must now specify a full relative import if you want to perform a relative import.
from .add import add
I recently installed a library in Python 3.3.2. I tried to import a module from it like this: import cx_Freeze.freezer. However, cx_Freeze.freezer is not defined as I would have expected, as shown in IDLE:
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> import cx_Freeze.freezer
>>> cx_Freeze.freezer
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in <module>
cx_Freeze.freezer
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'freezer'
>>>
The same thing happens in the command line. I think I am misunderstanding what happens when you use import with dot notation; what name does the module get assigned to?
In order to fix this seeming problem, I tried import cx_Freeze.freezer as f after restarting the shell, but that gave the same error as before. Can someone please explain why these import statements aren't giving me access to the module?
cx_Freeze/__init__.py has the following contents:
version = "5.0"
import sys
from cx_Freeze.dist import *
if sys.platform == "win32":
from cx_Freeze.windist import *
elif sys.platform == "darwin":
from cx_Freeze.macdist import *
from cx_Freeze.finder import *
from cx_Freeze.freezer import *
from cx_Freeze.main import *
del dist
del finder
del freezer
The parts important to this question are from cx_Freeze.freezer import * and del freezer. The first of those lines imports everything listed in cx_Freeze.freezer.__all__ directly into the cx_Freeze package, and the second line makes cx_Freeze.freezer not available directly. Thus, you should probably just use cx_Freeze; it contains all the parts of cx_Freeze.freezer designed for external use. If you need cx_Freeze.freezer, perhaps to use some of the private functionality, you can find it in sys.modules:
import sys
freezer = sys.modules['cx_Freeze.freezer']
I am encountering an import error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\bartis\Desktop\Python\TEC-KB\SlotMapper.pyw", line 9, in <module>
from SlotMapper import SlotMap
File "C:\Users\bartis\Desktop\Python\TEC-KB\SlotMapper.pyw", line 9, in <module>
from SlotMapper import SlotMap
ImportError: cannot import name 'SlotMap
This should be a straightforward issue, but I can’t seem to find the problem. If I place the SlotMapper.py file in the same directory as the GUI I am using the import of SlotMap occurs without error. If I move the file to a directory under the current working directory and add - sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'appLib')) I receive the error above. See import statements and modification of PYTHONPATH below. I know the PYTHONPATH has been modified after I checked it from the debugger. I also know since there are other files under appLib required for the GUI to operate. Finally, I have checked all of the imported files for a circular reference and find none… So stuck. Any suggestions welcome
import os
import sys
sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'appLib', 'KB-GUI'))
sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'appLib'))
from tkinter import *
from SlotMapper import SlotMap
from ShelfTypeSelection import ShelfTypeSelector
from PackTypeSelection import PackTypeSlotMappingSelector
from EntryWidgets import EntryBase, ShelfSlotEntry
The reason this is not working is because your file is named SlotMapper.pyw. The line
from SlotMapper import SlotMap
is trying to import SlotMap from your current file, hence the error. Try renaming your file to slotmapper_test.pyw or something like that, and everything should work as expected. You don't want your code files to have the same names as any modules you're trying to import, as the import mechanism will try to find the classes/functions there first, instead of searching your modules first.