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Upgrade pip3 accesses incorrect directory macOS [duplicate]

I need to upgrade pip on my Ubuntu system but I am getting error:
Collecting pip
Using cached pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2
Rolling back uninstall of pip
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 742, in install
**kwargs
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 831, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1032, in move_wheel_files
isolated=self.isolated,
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 346, in move_wheel_files
clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 317, in clobber
ensure_dir(destdir)
File "/home/shivams334/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
os.makedirs(path)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-9.0.1.dist-info'
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Maybe I should go with 'chown' but don't know how to use it. Please help.

Since you want to upgrade your system-wide Python, you need to run this command with administrator privilege:
sudo pip install -U pip
But, I recommend you not changing/polluting your system-wide Python. Instead use a virtualenv:
virtualenv myapp
source myapp/bin/activate
pip install -U pip # <- only if virtualenv is not up to date

exception error rising in installing virtualenv

I'm trying to install python virtualenv.
So i ran the command
pip install virtualenv
and I met these errors.
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
**kwargs
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
isolated=self.isolated,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files
clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-9.0.1-py2.7.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 323, in clobber
shutil.copyfile(srcfile, destfile)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 83, in copyfile
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py'

You are installing the virtualenv package in a system level directory of a Mac. Mac uses an older Python (2.7.10) that comes pre-installed. To install the virtualenv package in the system directory you identified, you need to use sudo because writing to a system directory requires elevated privileges.
sudo pip install virtualenv
Another option is to install it to a user directory using the --user option.
pip install --user virtualenv

Try running it with sudo:
sudo pip install virtualenv
or else explicitly calling the python command
python -m pip install virtualenv

Error upgrading pip on Mac: IOError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/bin/pip'

I'm on OS X El Capitan 10.11.6 with homebrew installed python 2.7. I've removed and re-installed python via homebrew with no joy. pip can neither install site-packages or update itself.
Trying to upgrade pip and receive the following error:
$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Using cached pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2
Uninstalling pip-8.1.2:
Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2
Rolling back uninstall of pip
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 742, in install
**kwargs
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 831, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1032, in move_wheel_files
isolated=self.isolated,
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 463, in move_wheel_files
generated.extend(maker.make(spec))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 372, in make
self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 276, in _make_script
self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 250, in _write_script
self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py", line 405, in write_binary_file
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
IOError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/bin/pip'
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

Found the answer here: Python: pip tries to install to /bin directory
I had a .pydistutils.cfg file in my home directory that was a workaround for something else (I forget what) and once removed it solved all my pip problems.

Virtualenv venv fails with the following error

I'm new to Python development and I'm trying to instal virtualenv in my project directory.
However I have the following error:
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 232, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 347, in run
root=options.root_path,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_set.py", line 549, in install
**kwargs
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_install.py", line 754, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req_install.py", line 963, in move_wheel_files
isolated=self.isolated,
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 234, in move_wheel_files
clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv_support/pip-6.0.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 212, in clobber
shutil.copyfile(srcfile, destfile)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 82, in copyfile
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py'
----------------------------------------
...Installing setuptools, pip...done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 825, in main
symlink=options.symlink)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 993, in create_environment
install_wheel(to_install, py_executable, search_dirs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 961, in install_wheel
'PIP_NO_INDEX': '1'
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py", line 903, in call_subprocess
% (cmd_desc, proc.returncode))
OSError: Command /Users/alexandrurada...oard/venv/bin/python -c "import sys, pip; sys...d\"] + sys.argv[1:]))" setuptools pip failed with error code 2
I installed pip with
easy_install pip
Then I installed virtualenv with
pip install virtualenv
Without any errors. However I'm still getting this. I didn't want to try it with sudo. Should I?
UPDATE: I installed them with sudo, and I got rid of this error. However another one when trying to install something with pip:
air:dashboard alexandrurada$ pip install flask
-bash: /usr/local/bin/pip: "path_here": bad interpreter: No such file or directory
UPDATE 2: The earlier error was because of a space inside a directory name. Looks like path doesn't work with such names.
Anyway, the error I'm getting now is
File "/usr/local/bin/pip", line 7, in <module>
from pip import main
ImportError: No module named pip
I checked my /usr/local/bin/pip and the file exists.

You need sudo pip install virtualenv to install virtualenv globally. When setting up your virtualenvs make sure you don't use sudo and that you activate your virtualenv before trying to install.
[Errno 13] Permission denied: means you don't have write permissions.

Install a newer version of pip and avoid using easy_install.
Download pip from: https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
and then run Python on it:
$ python get-pip.py
If you want to install pip to the global path, you likely want to run that last command with sudo. Without using sudo, pip will get installed for use with whatever Python interpreter is in your path.
From here, you can install virtualenv with pip:
$ pip install virtualenv
From your responses, it seems like you'd be best served by getting your system in a known state: Download that file, then run sudo python get-pip.py so you're running with a known-working pip install.

Python Pip Install "Egg" Error (Pandas and other modules)

Having issues installing some python modules (for example pandas) and also had some issues installing ipython notebook.
This error seems to have come up before for other folks (Python pip install fails: invalid command egg_info), but they were using Python 2.7, whereas I'm using 2.6 (default with my Mac OS 10.6). Also I tried easy_install -U setuptools and pip install --upgrade setuptools but neither worked.
This is the error I get for installing pandas:
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/Wm/WmmbYincEnuCrAMtGBudAk+++TM/-Tmp-/pip_build_AWal/pandas
Storing debug log for failure in /Users/AWal/Library/Logs/pip.log
For installing iPython, this is the error that I get:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/req.py", line 1435, in install
requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/req.py", line 671, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/req.py", line 901, in move_wheel_files
pycompile=self.pycompile,
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/wheel.py", line 341, in move_wheel_files
generated.extend(maker.make_multiple(['%s = %s' % kv for kv in console.items()]))
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 316, in make_multiple
filenames.extend(self.make(specification, options))
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 305, in make
self._make_script(entry, filenames, options=options)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 209, in _make_script
self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/scripts.py", line 189, in _write_script
self._fileop.write_binary_file(outname, script_bytes)
File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/pip-1.5.4-py2.6.egg/pip/_vendor/distlib/util.py", line 384, in write_binary_file
with open(path, 'wb') as f:
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/bin/sphinx-apidoc'
Storing debug log for failure in /Users/AWal/Library/Logs/pip.log
Any thoughts on what to do?
UPDATE:
When I do sudo pip install pandas (another module that I can't install), I get a long long traceback with the end error message:
RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
And traceback (a sample of it of the 100 or so lines) looks like this:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 17, in <module>
File "/private/tmp/pip_build_root/pandas/setup.py", line 619, in <module>
**setuptools_kwargs)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/distutils/core.py", line 113, in setup
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 266, in __init__
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 312, in fetch_build_eggs
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 753, in resolve
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1005, in best_match
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 1017, in obtain
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 379, in fetch_build_egg
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.6-universal/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 619, in easy_install

A permission Denied message would suggest you to run your command as root as suggested by Hackaholic.
try sudo pip install YOUR_PACKAGE
You might also want to have a look at virtualenv to use a more isolated environment.
Under debian based distributions, you might install python-virtualenv package with apt-get install python-virtualenv.
Then create a virtual environment names whatever by typing virtualenv whatever (this will create a folder whatever inside your current folder.
Then cd to it and type bin/activate to enter this virtual environment.
From there try again your pip install command.
Might help
UPDATE :
You might try to use the suggested solutions available here
To sumup, try to add export ARCHFLAGS=-Wno-error=unused-command-line-argument-hard-error-in-future inside ~/.bash_profile

This question comes first in Google, but the second one actually worked:
pip install -U setuptools
pip install ez_setup